Wireless Charging System for EVs vehicle

Submitted by
Ravat Rahul Enrollment no :- 2025001015
Karan Makvana Enrollment no:- 2025001018
Solanki Niraj Enrollment no:- 2025001019

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING(2022-20223)

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 BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING(2022-20223)

Candidate’s Declaration
I, hereby declare that the work embodied in this project entitled “Wireless Charging System for EVs
vehicle” submitted to the Department of Bachelor of technology in automobile engineering, swarrnim
startup & innovation university, swarrnim is an authentic record of my own bonafide work and is correct
to the best of my knowledge and belief. This work has been undertaken taking care of engineering
ethics.

Ravat Rahul Enrollment no :- 2025001015

Karan Makvana Enrollment no:- 2025001018
Solanki Niraj Enrollment no:- 2025001019

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 CERTIFICATE

To the best of my knowledge, the report comprises original work and has not been submitted in part or
full for any Course/Degree to this university or elsewhere as per the candidate’s declaration.

Place: Gandhinagar Supervisor name and

Date Signature

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In performing this project, I had to take the help and guideline of some respected persons, who deserve
my greatest gratitude. The completion of this assignment gives me immense pleasure. I would like to
show our gratitude to Prof. JUGAL BHATT, my Mentor for a major project. It gives me a good
guideline for reporting throughout numerous consultations. I would also like to extend our deepest
gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided me in writing this assignment.

Many people, especially my family, and my classmates, have made valuable comment suggestions on
this proposal which gave me the inspiration to improve my assignment. I thank all the people for their
help directly and indirectly to complete our assignment.

In addition, I would like to thank the Department of AUTOMOBILE, swarrnim Technological

University for giving me the golden opportunity to work on this topic.

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 CONTENTS

S.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT vi

2. INTRODUCTION 2

3. METHODOLOGY 3-4

4. SIMULATION 5

5. SIMULATION RESULT 6-7

6. HARDWARE IMPLEMNTATION 8-9

7. APPLICATIONS & FUTURE WORK 10

7. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 11

9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 12

10. REFRENECS 13

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 ABSTRACT

The transmission of electrical energy from source to load for a distance without any
conducting wire or cables is called Wireless Power Transmission. The concept of
wireless power transfer was realized by Nikola Tesla. Wireless power transfer can
make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical and electronics engineering
which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Day
by day new technologies are making our life simpler. Wireless charging through
resonance could be one of the next technologies that bring the future nearer.

In this project it has been shown that it is possible to charge low power devices
wirelessly via inductive coupling. A simulation and hardware implantation are also
done to do the same. It minimizes the complexity that arises for the use of
conventional wire system. In addition, the project also opens up new possibilities of
wireless systems in our other daily life uses.
 INTRODUCTION

We live in a world of technological advancement. New technologies emerge each and every
day to make our life simpler. Despite all these, we still rely on the classical and conventional
wire system to charge our everyday use low power devices such as mobile phones, digital
camera etc. and even mid power devices such as laptops. The conventional wire system creates
a mess when it comes to charging several devices simultaneously. It also takes up a lot of
electric sockets and not to mention the fact that each device has its own design for the charging
port. At this point a question might arise. ―What if a single device can be used to charge these
devices simultaneously without the use of wires and not creating a mess in the process? We
gave it a thought and came up with an idea. The solution to all these dilemma lies with inductive
coupling, a simple and effective way of transferring power wirelessly.

Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is the efficient transmission of electric power from one
point to another trough vacuum or an atmosphere without the use of wire or any other
substance. This can be used for applications where either an instantaneous amount or a
continuous delivery of energy is needed, but where conventional wires are unaffordable,
inconvenient, expensive, hazardous, unwanted or impossible. The power can be transmitted
using Inductive coupling for short range, Resonant Induction for mid-range and
Electromagnetic wave power transfer for high range. WPT is a technology that can transport
power to locations, which are otherwise not possible or impractical to reach. Charging low
power devices and eventually mid power devices by means of inductive coupling could be the
next big thing.

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 METHODODLOGY

 Oscillator circuit:
An oscillator is a circuit which produces a continuous, repeated, alternating waveform.
Oscillators basically convert unidirectional current flow from a DC source into an
alternating waveform which is of the desired frequency, as decided by its circuit
components.
For our simulation, we have used RC phase shift oscillator.
RC phase-shift oscillators use resistor-capacitor (RC) network to provide the phase-
shift required by the feedback signal. They have excellent frequency stability and can
yield a pure sine wave for a wide range of loads. It is formed by cascading three RC
phase-shift networks, each offering a phase-shift of 600. This arrangement causes the
output waveform to shift by 180o during its course of travel from output terminal to
the base of the transistor. Next, this signal will be shifted again by 180o by the transistor
in the circuit due to the fact that the phase-difference between the input and the output
will be 180o in the case of common emitter configuration. This makes the net phase-
difference to be 360o, satisfying the phase-difference condition.

Fig1: RC phase-shift oscillator

 Inductive Coupling:
Inductive or Magnetic coupling works on the principle of electromagnetism. When a
wire is proximity toa magnetic field, it generates a magnetic field in that wire.
Transferring energy between wires through magnetic fields is inductive coupling. If a
portion of the magnetic flux established by one circuit interlinks with the second circuit,
then two circuits are coupled magnetically and the energy may be transferred from one
circuit to another circuit. This energy transfer is performed by the transfer of the
magnetic field which is common to the both circuits. In electrical engineering, two
conductors are referred to as mutual-inductively coupled or magnetically coupled when
they are configured such that change in current flow through one wire induces a voltage
across the end of the other wire through electromagnetic induction. The amount of
inductive coupling between two conductors is measured by their mutual inductance.

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 Fig2: Inductive Coupling with Four Component Flux

 Rectification:
A rectifier is a device that converts alternating current to alternating DC. In the
simulation, we have used a precision full wave rectifier.

Fig3: Center-tapped Full Wave Rectifier

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SIMULATION

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 SIMULATION RESULT

Oscillator Output:

Induced Voltage:

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Rectified Voltage:

Load Voltage:

 When given an output of 5V, after passing through all the elements of the circuit, we
find that the output voltage comes out to be roughly 2.8V which gives us an
efficiency of around 56%. We thus successfully obtain an output voltage of 2.8V
wirelessly.

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 HARDWARE IMPLENTATION

For the hardware implementation, again the circuit is divided into three main parts-
1) Oscillator Circuit
2) Inductive coupling
3) Rectifier
The detailed explanation for all the above parts of the circuits is mentioned below-

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 1) Oscillator Circuit-
For the oscillation circuit, instead of an oscillator circuit, we have used an IC (CD 4047). CD
4047 is basically a multivibrator which is basically an electronic circuit used to implement a
variety of simple two state devices such as relaxation oscillators, timers and flip-flops. The
pin configuration for CD 4047 is given below.

For the given project, the input 12V is given to the pin number 4 of the IC i.e., (astable)’ and
the output is connected to the pin number 13 of the IC. An astable and monostable IC like
4047 can be used in two modes to make different circuits. The main intention of this
integrated circuit is to produce clock signals like sine, square & many more.
The power of the square wave generated by the IC is low and to amplify that, the output
waveform is given to the gate of the MOSFET, which is in common source configuration. If
we talk about the gain of the common source configuration, the current gain and the voltage
gain are both high. The 12V is given to the drain of the MOSFET which ultimately results in
an amplified waveform which then goes into the coil for induction.

2) Inductive coupling-
The amplified wave them goes into the coil where due to induction, voltage is induced into
the coil of the secondary coil. Induction can be caried by changing certain parameters like
changing the number of coils or the nature of the coil.

3) Rectification
The final output has to be DC, but we are right now dealing with alternating waveform, to
convert the alternating current to alternating DC, we use a simple half wave rectifier and the
7805 IC is used as a voltage regulator and we thus obtain the desired DC wave which enables
us to charge multiple devices, giving us an output of around 3V as shown in the picture
attached.

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 APPLICATIONS & FUTURE WORK

APPLICATIONS:

 Smart Phones, Portable Media Players, Digital Cameras and Tablets.

 Public Access Charging Terminal.
 Computer Systems
 Miscellaneous: Wireless chargers are finding its way into anything with a battery inside
it. This includes game and TV remotes, cordless power tools, cordless vacuum cleaners,
soap dispensers, hearing aids and even cardiac pacemakers. Wireless chargers are also
capable of charging super capacitors (super caps), or any device that is traditionally
powered by a low-voltage power cable.

FUTURE WORK:

 To transmit the power to a greater distance, a high-power radio frequency amplifier

connected with an oscillator is needed. But the construction of the bulky RF power
amplifier requires much time and patience.
 High power vacuum tube transistor amplifier with high current will make the system
more efficient.
 A crystal oscillator circuit might be a better option for the transmitter circuit since it
can produce a very high frequency A.C. current.
 We see that the efficiency of the circuit comes out to be roughly 56% which is
relatively very low. By any methods, if the efficiency of the circuit is improved, it can
have multiple applications.
 What we have simulated is wireless energy transmission and the hardware project is
just one of its implementations. Therefore, this simulation can have multiple
applications like charging a phone wirelessly, charging electric vehicles etc.

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 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Wireless power transfer will be next biggest move in these integrated technologies world
because it has numerous advantages and applications.

Advantages:
we don’t have need to stick with wires while using any electric device like mobile, laptop,
camera etc. complete removal of wires is possible by wireless charging so system becomes
very user friendly and complexity can be reduced. At public places like Malls and stations,
complexity of power system can be reduced by wireless chargers.

Disadvantages:
Major disadvantage of wireless charging is high power loss for longer distance. So, we can
transfer power wirelessly from one point to another very efficiently if distance is too small
but loss rapidly increases with distance.

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 CONCLUSION

This project presents an efficient method of wireless charging in simulation on LTSpice as well
as hardware implementation. Wireless charging is convenient and fairly efficient, but there has
not been enough research done to increase efficiency and distance necessary between the
device and charger. Currently, electric toothbrushes and cellular phones need to be in contact
with the charger's surface. This makes it easier to charge and saves a few seconds fiddling with
cords, but the device is still essentially plugged in and immobile where as having a longer cord
would allow use and charging at the same time. The future for wireless charging will include
longer ranges between the device and charging mechanism as well as a higher efficiency over
a longer distance. At some point, it could be possible to charge multiple devices efficiently and
safely from another room of a building solving the issue of battery life.

FUTURE SCOPE

1) For the simulation that we have built, we see that the efficiency of the circuit comes out
to be roughly 56% which is relatively very low. By any methods, if the efficiency of
the circuit is improved, it can have multiple applications.

2) What we have simulated is wireless energy transmission and the hardware project is
just one of its implementations. Therefore, this simulation can have multiple
applications like charging a phone wirelessly, charging electric vehicles etc.

3) Our hardware project produces an output of around 3V which charges most of the
devices but not all. For heavy devices, slow charging is done however, the circuit
charges small devices efficiently and rapidly. With certain modification, the circuit can
become optimal for every kind of devices.

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 REFERENCES

 https://www.electrical4u.com/rc-phase-shift-oscillator/#:~:text=RC%20phase%2D
shift%20oscillators%20use,the%20input%20by%2090o.

 https://www.ijert.org/wireless-power-transmission-using-class-e-power-amplifier-
from-solar-input#:~:text=AbstractThe%20transmission%20of%20electrical%20ene
rgy,was%20realized%20by%20Nikola%20Tesla.
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/wireless-power-transfer

 https://www.computerworld.com/article/3235176/wireless-charging-explained-what-
is-it-and-how-does-it-work.html

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