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Unit 2 Data Collection and Sampling Techniques

Elementary Statistics and Probability

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Airies Gim Real
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8 views

Unit 2 Data Collection and Sampling Techniques

Elementary Statistics and Probability

Uploaded by

Airies Gim Real
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2

Data Collection and Sampling Techniques

Teacher: Jay-cen T. Amanonce


College of Teacher Education
Cagayan State University
1. Identify the type of data collection method to be used in different
studies or researches

2. Apply the appropriate sampling technique during data collection

Learning Objectives
Given the following research studies, determine the possible
respondents of the study and possible ways how/where to gather
the data needed.

Data inconsistencies in Filipinos’ birth certificate


Common violations of motorcycle riders and tricycle drivers
Favorite foreign movie of CSU students
Topic 1
Data Collection
Sources of Data
In conducting a study or research, collection of data is the first step. Data
may be gathered from primary or secondary sources.

PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA

SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA


Sources of Data
In conducting a study or research, collection of data is the first step. Data
may be gathered from primary or secondary sources.

PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA


Sources of Data
In conducting a study or research, collection of data is the first step. Data
may be gathered from primary or secondary sources.

RECORDS
Sources of Data
Reminder:
When you use existing data in your research, make sure that you use a quality
data (know how the data were gathered). In addition, remember to ask
permission and acknowledge the source of data you use in your study.
Different Ways of Collecting Data
Direct or Interview Method

Indirect or Questionnaire Method

Registration Method

Experimental Method
Different Ways of Collecting Data
Direct or Interview Method The researcher has a direct contact
with the interviewee. The researcher
obtains the information needed by
asking questions and inquiries from
the interviewee.

More accurate answers on responses since


clarifications can be made
Example: A business firm would interview residents of a certain
barangay regarding their favorite brand of toothpaste, soap or
shoes. TV personnel would ask televiewers about their favorite Costly and time-consuming
noontime show. Even political analysts use this method to determine
public opinion or preferences for candidates in upcoming elections.
Different Ways of Collecting Data
This method makes use of written
Indirect or Questionnaire Method
questionnaire. The researcher gives
or distributes the questionnaire to the
respondents either by personal
delivery or by mail.
Save a lot of time and money in gathering the
information needed because questionnaires can be
given to a large number of respondents at the same
time
Cannot expect that all distributed questionnaire will be retrieved because
some respondents simply ignore the questionnaires. clarifications cannot
be made if the respondent does not understand the question.
Different Ways of Collecting Data
This method of colleting data is
Registration Method
governed by laws. This method of
gathering data is perhaps the most
reliable because this is enforced by law.

For example, birth and death rates are registered in the National Statistics
Office for records and future use. The number of registered cars can be found
at the Land Transportation Office (LTO). The list of registered voter in the
Philippines is found in the Commission on Elections (COMELEC).
Different Ways of Collecting Data
This method is usually used to find out the
Experimental Method
cause and effect relationships. Scientific
researchers often use this method.

For example, agriculturists would like to know the


effect of a new brand of fertilizers on the growth of
plants.
Experiment: Will student test scores be affected by
distracting sounds in the testing environment?
Topic 2
Sampling Techniques
Sampling
Sampling is defined as measuring a small portion of something and then making a
general statement about the whole thing. (Bradfield & Moredock, 1957).
Why do we need sampling?
▪ Sampling makes possible the study of a large, heterogeneous population.
▪ Sampling is for economy, speed, and accuracy.
▪ Sampling saves the sources of data from being all consumed.
General Types of Sampling
Probability Sampling
The sample is a proportion (a certain percent) of the population and such sample is
selected from the population by means of some systematic way in which every element of
the population has a chance of being included in the sample.
Probability Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling is a sampling technique where members of the
population are selected in such a way that each member has an equal chance
of being selected. It is also called the lottery or raffle type of sampling.
Probability Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Probability Sampling
Systematic Sampling
In systematic sampling, one chooses a starting point and then select every kth
(such as every 5th) element in the population.
Probability Sampling
Stratified Sampling
With stratified sampling, the population is subdivided into at least two different
subpopulations (or strata) that share the same characteristics (such as gender), and
then a sample is drawn from each stratum.

MALE

FEMALE

POPULATION STRATA SAMPLE


Probability Sampling
Stratified Sampling

List of Students

BSED BEED BTVTED/BTLED

Strata

Sample
Probability Sampling
Cluster Sampling
In cluster sampling, the population area is divided into sections (or clusters), a few of
those sections are randomly selected, and then all the members from the selected
sections are chosen as samples.
Non-probability Sampling
The sample is not a proportion of the population and there is no system in selecting the
sample. The selection is dependent on the situation from which the sample is taken. This
technique lacks objectivity of the selection. It is sometimes called subjective sampling.
Non-probability Sampling
Convenience Sampling
This is used because of the convenience it offers to the researchers.
Example: The researcher wishes to investigate the most popular noontime
show may just interview the respondents through the telephone.
Non-probability Sampling
Quota Sampling
In this type of sampling, the proportions of the various subgroups in the
population are determined and the sample is drawn to have the same
percentage in it.
Example: Suppose we want to determine the teenager’s most favorite brand of
t –shirt. If there are 1000 female and 1000 male teenagers and we want to
draw 150 members for our sample, we can select 75 female and 75 male
teenagers from the population without using randomization.
Non-probability Sampling
Purposive Sampling
This is based on certain criteria laid down by the researcher. People who satisfy the criteria are interviewed.
In purposive sampling, the respondents are chosen on the basis of their knowledge of the information desired.
Examples: If a research is to be conducted on the history of a place, the old people of the place must be
consulted and included in the sample.
Suppose the target is to find out the effectiveness of a certain kind of shampoo. Of course bald fellows will not
be included in the sample.
Non-probability Sampling
Snowball Sampling
In this type of sampling, research participants recruit other members for the study. This
method is particularly useful when participants might be hard to find.
For example, a study on working prostitutes or current heroin users.
Thank you for listening my dear students.
Lecturer: Jay-cen T. Amanonce

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