Digital Foundations:

Mastering Computer Fundamentals

A Comprehensive 8-Week Guide

Unlock the full potential of your computer! Whether

you're intrigued by hardware, fascinated by software, or
eager to dive into word processing, spreadsheets, and
PowerPoint, this book is your gateway to comprehensive
computer mastery. From demystifying the essentials of
programming to troubleshooting common computer
issues, this guide offers a condensed yet thorough
exploration of the diverse realms within the digital
landscape. Elevate your tech proficiency and unleash
your creativity with the tools and knowledge at your
fingertips.

Welcome aboard, and may the pixels be ever in your

favor. Now, my dear students, venture forth with a
sprinkle of curiosity and a dash of courage. Best of luck
on your epic quest through the digital realms!"

Created by:
Monica P. Amparo, MIT
Paul Joseph C. Lavarez, MBA, MIT
Marife M. Orig, MIT
Fernando Tiu Jr., PhD
Module 1 : Session 1
● Introduction, Guidelines, and Orientation
● What is a Computer?
● Task 1: Activide Code : 2024Comp100-01

Module 1 : Session 2
● Data Processing Cycle
● Peripheral Devices (Input, Output, Storage)
● Task 2: Activide Code : 2024Comp100-02

Module 2 : Session 1
● Computer Hardware
● Task 3: Activide Code : 2024Comp100-03

Module 2 : Session 2
● FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT : Data
Processing Cycle & Computer Hardware
● Task 4: Activide Code : 2024Comp100-04
Module 3 : Session 1
● Computer Assembly
● Internal components of a computer
● Task 5: Using PC Building Simulator

Module 3 : Session 2
● Computer Troubleshooting
● Task 6: Using PC Building Simulator

Module 4 : Session 1
● Summative recitation about computer hardware
● Task 7: Activide Code : 2024Comp100-05

Module 4 : Session 2
● FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
● Task 8: Midterm Examination
Module 5 : Session 1
● Programming: Visual block-based coding
● Data Types, Syntax and Variables, Operators
● Task 9: Simply Scratch Activities

Module 5 : Session 2
● Programming: Text-based Programming
● Loops and If Statements
● Task 10: Course-based Python Activity

Module 6 : Session 1
● Word Processing - Traditional / Cloud-base
● Task 11: Course-based Word Processing Activity

Module 6 : Session 2
● Word Processing Enhancement Tools and
Keyboard Shortcuts
● Task 12: Microsoft Word / Libre Office
Module 7 : Session 1
● Presentation Tools / Image Editing Tools
● Task 13: Microsoft Powerpoint Activity

Module 7 : Session 2
● Spreadsheet : Microsoft Excel
● Data Types, Formulas and Functions
● Task 15: Excel Activity part 1

Module 8 : Session 1
● Spreadsheet : Microsoft Excel
● Charts and Pivot Table
● Task 15: Excel Activity part 2

Module 8 : Session 2
● FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
● Task 16: Final Examination
a COMPUTER is a device that stores and processes

information.

It can perform complicated computations and organize and

store huge amounts of information. Computer science is the
study of computers and how computer technology can be
used to solve problems.

It involves studying COMPUTING SYSTEMS ,

programming rules, data and analysis, networking, the
internet, and how computers affect our lives.

Computers are better than humans at storing and sharing

tons of information, solving complex calculations quickly,
and learning things. Computer scientists use computers'
abilities to help them develop new technologies that make
our lives easier. Computer technology affects the way we live
and think. It can help us solve our problems and make our
lives seem easier, more fun, and safer.
COMPUTING SYSTEM All the basic hardware (the parts
you can see and touch) and software (the programs) that
work together to make a computer run.

For example:

● Computers helped navigate spacecraft to the moon

and Mars.
● Robots help surgeons perform surgeries with great
precision.
● Computers add realistic visual and sound effects to
movies and video games.

SUMMARY:

A computer is basically a programmable machine capable of

performing arithmetic and logical operations automatically
and sequentially. It is also known as a data processor, as it can
store, process, and retrieve data as per the wish of the user.
Hardware and software are pretty much useless on their
own. Only when they are put together in a complete system
do they become tools.
Data Processing
is the gathering and manipulation of digital data to generate
meaningful information. It is a type of information
processing that involves altering information in a way
noticeable by an observer.

Data
Raw facts or figures that need to be processed.
Examples: Numbers, text, images, etc.

Information
Processed and organized data that has meaning & relevance.
Example: A set of numbers representing sales figures for a
month.

Processing
Transformation of raw data into meaningful information
through a series of operations.
Example: Calculating the average of a set of numbers.

Operations
Specific actions or manipulations performed on data during
processing.
Examples: Addition, subtraction, sorting, filtering.

Input
Data or information entered into a computer system for
processing.
Example: Typing numbers into a spreadsheet.
Output
The result or information produced after data processing.
Example: Displaying the calculated average on a screen.

Types of Data Processing:

● Batch Processing
● Real-time Processing
● Online Processing

Methods of Data Processing:

● Manual Data Processing

● Mechanical Data Processing
● Electronic Data Processing

Accuracy
The correctness and precision of processed information.
Importance: Ensures that the output reflects the true
meaning of the input.

Relevance
The significance and applicability of processed information
to a given context.

Importance
Information should be meaningful and useful for
DECISION-MAKING.
Information Processing Cycle
a fundamental concept in computer science, outlines five
stages: Input, Processing, Storage, Output, and
Communication.

Input: Involves collecting data (text, images, etc.) using

devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners.

Processing: The "brain" of the computer executes operations

on the input data, including arithmetic and logical
operations, data transformation, sorting, and filtering.

Storage: Processed data is saved in various storage forms like

RAM, hard drives, cloud storage, and more for future use.

Output: The results are presented to users in a

human-readable form through devices such as monitors,
printers, and speakers.

Communication: In the final stage, data is shared between

systems or users through wired (Ethernet, USB) and wireless
(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) methods, facilitating collaboration and
information dissemination.
Computer Hardware:
refers to the physical components that make up a
computer system. These are tangible, touchable parts
that play a role in the processing, storage, and display
of data.

Hardware includes components such as the central

processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage
devices, input devices (like keyboards and mice),
output devices (such as monitors and printers), and
various internal and external peripherals.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The "brain"
of the computer that performs calculations and
executes instructions.

Memory (RAM): Random Access Memory,

used for temporary storage of data and
program instructions.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State

Drive (SSD): Storage devices for long-term
data retention.

Motherboard: Main circuit board that

connects and coordinates various hardware
components.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Handles

graphical computations, important for video
rendering and gaming.
Input Devices: Devices such as keyboards,
mice, and touchpads for providing input to the
computer.

Output Devices: Devices such as monitors,

printers, and speakers for presenting
information to the user.

Network Interface Card (NIC): Enables the

computer to connect to a network.

Computer Case: also known as the chassis or

tower, is categorized under the hardware
component known as the "Enclosure" or
"System Unit."

Cooling systems / Fans are crucial to

maintaining optimal temperatures for the
internal components of the computer,
preventing overheating
Software:
refers to the set of instructions or programs that tell
the computer's hardware how to perform specific
tasks.

It's intangible and includes applications, operating

systems, utilities, and other programs that enable the
computer to function and provide functionality to
users.

“Programs and other operating information

used by a computer.”
Operating System (OS): Software that
manages hardware resources and provides a
user interface. Examples include Windows,
macOS, and Linux.

Web Browsers: Software like Google Chrome,

Mozilla Firefox, and Safari for accessing and
navigating the internet.

Word Processing Software: Applications like

Microsoft Word or Google Docs for creating
and editing documents.

Antivirus Software: Programs that protect

the computer from malware and security
threats, such as Norton or McAfee.

Media Players: Software like VLC or

Windows Media Player for playing audio and
video files.
Programming Languages: Software tools like
Python, Java, or C++ used for writing
computer programs.

Graphic Design Software: Applications like

Adobe Photoshop or GIMP for creating and
editing visual content.

Database Management Systems (DBMS):

Software like MySQL or Microsoft SQL Server
for managing and organizing data in databases.

Spreadsheet Software: Applications like MS

Excel or Google Sheets for creating and
managing spreadsheets, performing
calculations, and analyzing data.

Presentation Software: Programs like MS

PowerPoint or Google Slides for creating
slideshows and presentations.
Tools and Utilities: encompasses various
software applications that serve specific
functions or provide utilities to enhance the
functionality and usability of a computer.
(ShareX, ZoomIt, Speccy)

Device Drivers: Drivers are software that

enables the operating system to communicate
with and control hardware devices attached to
the computer.

Communication Software: Tools that

facilitate communication between individuals
or computer systems.

● Email Clients: Thunderbird

● Instant Messaging: Telegram
● Video Conferencing: Zoom

Games: Interactive software providing

entertaining experiences for users. (Bread &
Fred, Starcraft, Scarlet Maiden)
Artificial Intelligence (A.I.)
Imagine a computer that can learn and think for itself, almost
like a super-smart robot brain. That's AI!

How AI works:

Learning: AI machines are taught lots and lots of information,

like giving them a huge library of books to read. They can also
learn from their own experiences, like when you try something
new and get better at it the more you practice.

Thinking: AI uses this knowledge to solve problems, make

decisions, and even create new things. It's like having a
super-powered assistant that can help you with all sorts of
tasks, from finding the best route to school to composing a
new song.

Some examples of AI in action

● Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa can understand

your voice and answer your questions, even tell jokes!
● Self-driving cars can navigate traffic and avoid
accidents without a human driver.
● Netflix and Spotify use AI to suggest movies and
music you might like, based on what you've watched or
listened to before.

AI transcends software: The complexity of learning,

adaptation, and decision-making goes beyond traditional
software programming.
Prompt Engineering: Optimizing AI for
Precision and Performance

What is Prompt Engineering?

Prompt engineering, also known as prompt design, is an
artificial intelligence (AI) technique that involves
refining language models for specific tasks and desired
outputs. It revolves around the meticulous construction
of prompts or inputs to enhance AI models'
performance on particular tasks. These prompts guide
and fine-tune AI systems, enabling them to understand
user intent, respond appropriately, and generate
accurate and relevant results.

Importance of Prompt Engineering to AI

Prompt engineering is crucial for optimizing AI
performance, ensuring accuracy to project
specifications, and enhancing user experience. It
facilitates efficient problem-solving, content
customization for users' skill levels, and protection
against malicious activities such as prompt injection
attacks. In tasks like text-to-image synthesis, prompt
engineering allows for precise customization of image
characteristics.
How Does Prompt Engineering Work?
Prompt engineering leverages language models'
capabilities by optimizing their outputs through
well-designed prompts. Instead of relying solely on
pre-training or fine-tuning, this technique allows users
to guide models to achieve specific goals by providing
direct instructions, constraints, or examples in the
prompts.

Prompt Engineering Examples

1. Sentiment Analysis
● Construct prompts indicating the sentiment for
accurate detection.
● Example: "Determine the sentiment of the
following text: 'I loved the movie!'"

2. Language Translation
● Use prompts specifying source/target languages
and example translations.
● Example: "Translate the following text from
English to French."

3. Question Answering
● Provide explicit instructions or examples to guide
model responses.
● Example: "Answer the following question: 'Who
invented the telephone?'"
4. Text Summarization
● Frame prompts like "Summarise the following
text into a short summary."

5. Code Generation
● Assist in code generation with prompts like
"Generate a Python function..."

6. Chatbot Responses
● Train chatbots with prompts like "Respond to
the following customer query..."

7. Document Classification
● Enhance document classification with prompts
categorizing documents.

8. Image Captioning
● Create prompts describing the desired content of
images.

9. Named Entity Recognition

● Assist in named entity recognition with prompts
identifying specific entities.
Best Practices for Writing Prompts
● Experiment with rephrasing concepts in varied
ways.
● Use different input types: examples, data,
instructions, or questions.
● Employ special modifiers for style, abstraction
level, resolution, etc.
● Consider prompt engineering IDEs for efficient
AI prompt writing.

The Bottom Line

Prompt engineering empowers users to shape AI
models' behavior and output. By strategically designing
prompts, users can guide models to produce accurate,
relevant, and context-aware responses, unlocking new
possibilities in language processing and improving AI
systems' capabilities in understanding and interacting
with human language.
This module has been prepared for the beginners who are
willing to learn computer programming but they are unable to
learn it due to lack of proper guidance.

We do not expect much from you as prerequisites, however, we

assume that you have some amount of exposure to computers
and its peripherals like keyboard, mouse, screen, printer, etc.

Computer Programming
is the act of writing computer programs, which are a
sequence of instructions written using a Computer
Programming Language to perform a specified task by the
computer.

● A computer program is also called a computer

software, which can range from two lines to
millions of lines of instructions.

● Computer program instructions are also called

program source code and computer programming
is also called program coding.

● A computer without a computer program is just a

dump box; it is programs that make computers
active.
Uses of Computer Programs
Today computer programs are being used in almost
every field, household, agriculture, medical,
entertainment, defense, communication, etc.

Listed below are a few applications of computer

programs:

● MS Word, MS Excel, Adobe Photoshop,

Internet Explorer, Chrome, etc., are examples
of computer programs.

● Computer programs are being used to develop

graphics and special effects in movie making.

● Computer programs are being used to perform

Ultrasounds, X-Rays, and other medical
examinations.

● Computer programs are being used in our

mobile phones for SMS, Chat, and voice
communication.
Computer Programmer
Someone who can write computer programs or in
other words, someone who can do computer
programming is called a Computer Programmer.

Algorithm
From programming point of view, an algorithm is
a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem.
An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a
finite set of well-defined instructions.

Programming Environment
The environment or set of tools where a
programmer writes, tests, and executes code. It
includes an integrated development environment
(IDE) or a text editor, along with necessary
compilers or interpreters.

Basic Syntax
The set of rules and conventions that dictate how
programming statements are structured. It
includes elements like punctuation, keywords, and
other language-specific components.

Data Types
Categories that classify data in programming,
specifying the type of values a variable can hold.
Examples include integers, floating-point numbers,
characters, and booleans.
Variables
Named storage locations in a program where data
can be stored and manipulated. Variables are
essential for dynamic data handling in
programming.

Keywords
Reserved words in a programming language with
predefined meanings. They cannot be used as
identifiers and play specific roles in the language's
syntax.

Basic Operators
Symbols or words that represent computations or
operations on variables or values. Examples include
addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*),
and division (/).

Decision Making
The process in programming where the flow of
execution is determined based on certain
conditions. It involves constructs like if statements,
switch statements, and ternary operators.
Loops
Constructs in programming that allow the
repetition of a block of code until a specified
condition is met. Common loop types include for
loops, while loops, and do-while loops.

Numbers
Numeric data types in programming, representing
integers or floating-point values. Numbers are used
for mathematical calculations and data
manipulation.

Characters
Data type representing individual characters,
letters, or symbols. In programming, characters are
often manipulated using character functions and
operators.

Arrays
A data structure that stores a collection of elements
of the same data type. Elements in an array are
accessed by their index.

Strings
A sequence of characters, typically representing
text. Strings are a fundamental data type in
programming and support various operations like
concatenation and manipulation.
Functions
Blocks of reusable code that perform a specific
task. Functions help organize code, promote
reusability, and facilitate modular programming.

File I/O (Input/Output)

Operations that involve reading from or writing to
files. File I/O allows a program to interact with
external files for data storage and retrieval.

High-Level Programming Language

A high-level language is like talking to a computer
using easy-to-understand words.

Low-Level Programming Language

A low-level language is more direct, like giving
step-by-step instructions to the computer. It's less
like everyday language and more focused on precise
control, requiring a deep understanding of the
computer's hardware.

Scratch
is a high-level block-based visual programming
language and website aimed primarily at children
as an educational tool, with a target audience of
ages 8 to 16. Users on the site can create projects
on the website using a block-like interface.
Programming Structure
are ways to organize and control the flow of instructions
in a computer program. They define how different parts
of the code interact and execute. Common programming
structures include sequence, selection, and loops.

Sequence
is the simplest programming structure where instructions
are executed in a linear order, one after the other. It
represents the straightforward flow of commands from
the beginning to the end of a program.

Selection (Decision-Making):
allows the program to make decisions based on certain
conditions. It involves using constructs like if statements,
switch statements, or ternary operators to choose different
paths of execution depending on whether a condition is
true or false.
Loops (Iteration):
enable repetitive execution of a set of instructions until a
specific condition is met. They help in automating tasks
that need to be performed multiple times. Common loop
types include for loops, while loops, and do-while loops.

Summary:

In today's digital age, coding is a versatile skill that extends

beyond tech fields, enhancing problem-solving and
creativity.

For criminology students, coding aids in analyzing crime

data, identifying patterns, and developing crime
prevention tools.

In medicine, coding opens doors to innovations in

healthcare technology, personalized treatment plans, and
medical research. Learning to code instills a mindset of
logical thinking and precision, fostering interdisciplinary
collaboration across fields. Coding is a universal language,
enabling seamless cooperation between criminologists,
data scientists, and medical professionals. Regardless of
major, coding empowers students to become adaptable
problem solvers, contributing to positive change in their
respective disciplines and navigating the demands of an
increasingly digital society.
Computer System Classification:

1. On the basis of size.

2. On the basis of functionality.
3. On the basis of data handling.

Understanding the diverse landscape of computer systems

involves exploring their classifications, which provide valuable
insights into their characteristics and capabilities. In this
exploration, we delve into the classification of computer
systems through three key lenses: size, functionality, and data
handling.

Each perspective offers a unique dimension to comprehend the

variety and versatility within the realm of computing. Let's
navigate the intricacies of computer system classification and
unravel the distinctions that define their roles in our digital
world.
1. Classification on the Basis of Size:

Supercomputers:
High-performance systems used for intensive
computation tasks in fields like quantum
mechanics, weather forecasting, and more.
Examples: PARAM, Jaguar, Roadrunner.

Mainframe Computers:
Large-scale systems commonly used by
organizations for bulk data processing,
transaction processing, and server functions.
Examples: IBM z Series, System z9, System z10
servers.

Mini Computers:
Mid-sized computers initially designed for
control, instrumentation, and communication,
later popular for personal use. Examples:
Personal Laptops, PCs.

Micro Computers:
Small, inexpensive computers with a
microprocessor, forming the foundation for
modern microcomputers and smart gadgets.
Examples: Tablets, Smartwatches.
2. Classification on the Basis of Functionality:

Servers:
Dedicated computers set up to offer specific
services to clients, named based on the type of
service provided. Examples: Security Server,
Database Server.

Workstations:
Computers designed for use by a single user,
often running multi-user operating systems for
personal and commercial tasks.

Information Appliances:
Portable devices designed for limited tasks like
basic calculations, multimedia playback, and
internet browsing. Examples: Mobile Devices.

Embedded Computers:
Computing devices integrated into other
machines to serve specific requirements
without requiring reboot or reset.
Examples: Digital alarm clocks
3. Classification on the Basis of Data Handling:

Analog Computers:
Computers that use continuously-changeable
physical aspects to model problems. Example:
Analog Clock. Analog Control Systems:

Digital Computers:
Computers performing calculations and logical
operations using binary digits (0 and 1) to
process discrete information.
Example: Common personal computers.

Hybrid Computers:
Computers process both analog and digital
data, converting analog signals to digital for
processing. Example: Ultrasound Machine
Super Computer vs Mainframe

Supercomputers use a highly parallel processing design to

handle complex tasks requiring immense processing power.
They are specifically built for applications like simulations,
scientific research, and weather modeling.

Mainframes have a centralized architecture, prioritizing

reliability and efficiency for processing large volumes of data
in a centralized environment. They are commonly used for
business and transaction processing, including tasks like
database management, financial transactions, and
enterprise-level applications.

Mainframe:
● Handles huge volumes of transactions and data
securely and reliably.
● Known for its high availability, scalability, and data
security.
● Often used by banks, airlines, and other large
organizations.

Supercomputer:
● The fastest computers in the world, designed for
scientific and engineering applications.
● Capable of performing complex calculations like
weather modeling, drug discovery, and simulations.
● Typically very expensive and require specialized cooling
and infrastructure.
Benefits of Using a Computer: A Summary
Computers have become deeply woven into our lives, and for good
reason! Here are just some of the benefits they offer:

1. Efficiency and Productivity:

● Automate tasks: Computers can handle repetitive tasks
like data entry, calculations, and scheduling, freeing your
time for more complex work or relaxation.

● Increase accuracy: Reduce errors in tedious tasks and

calculations, ensuring better results.

● Boost speed and time management: Perform tasks

instantly or quickly access information, saving you
valuable time.

2. Information and Access:

● Connect with the world: Stay informed with endless
news, research, and educational resources readily available.

● Foster communication and collaboration: Connect with

friends, family, and colleagues easily through email, video
chat, and social media.

● Explore and learn: Discover new topics, cultures, and

skills through online courses, tutorials, and virtual
experiences.
3. Creativity and Entertainment:
● Express yourself: Create art, music, and videos with
dedicated software and tools.

● Immerse yourself in entertainment: Enjoy movies, games,

music, and books through streaming services and online
platforms.

● Stay entertained and informed: Access various forms of

entertainment like games, puzzles, and social media.

4. Everyday Conveniences:
● Organize and manage life: Utilize tools for budgeting,
scheduling, calendar management, and to-do lists.

● Shop and bank online: Conveniently buy goods and

services or manage your finances without leaving home.

● Simplify travel and navigation: Utilize booking platforms,

travel apps, and GPS navigation for smooth travel
experiences.

5. Accessibility and Inclusivity:

● Assistive technologies: Computers provide tools for
people with disabilities to access information,
communicate, and perform tasks independently.

● Global reach and connection: Bridge geographical barriers

and connect with people across the world, fostering
understanding and collaboration.

● Educational and professional opportunities: Open doors

to online learning, remote work, and participation in a
globalized society.
 Computer Security 101 for Students:
Stay Safe in the Digital World!

Why is computer security important?

Imagine your computer as a fortress filled with your

precious treasures: photos, documents, schoolwork,
and maybe even your saved game progress.

Just like any valuable possession, your computer

needs protection from intruders who might want to
steal, damage, or misuse your information. That's
where computer security comes in!

Think of it like building a strong wall around your

castle. With the right security measures in place, you
can make it much harder for hackers, viruses, and
other threats to break in and cause trouble.
Common Security Threats:

VIRUSES: These sneaky programs can

infect your computer and spread to other
devices, causing damage like deleting files
or stealing your data. Imagine them like
tiny, harmful robots infiltrating your
system!

MALWARE: This broader term includes

viruses and other malicious software
designed to harm your computer or steal
information. Think of it as a toolbox of
different bad guys, each with their own
tricks.

PHISHING: These deceptive attempts

try to trick you into revealing personal
information, like your passwords or credit
card numbers, often through fake emails
or websites. Imagine them as cunning
wolves in sheep's clothing!
Basic Principles of Cybersecurity:

● BE CAUTIOUS: Don't click on suspicious links or

download files from unknown sources. Remember, if
something seems too good to be true, it probably is!

● USE STRONG PASSWORDS: Create unique and

complex passwords for each of your accounts, and
avoid using personal information like birthdays or
names. Think of them like super-secret codes to
unlock your digital treasures!

● KEEP YOUR SOFTWARE UPDATED: Install the

latest security patches and updates for your operating
system and applications. These updates often fix
security vulnerabilities that hackers could exploit.

● BE MINDFUL OF YOUR ONLINE ACTIVITY:

Be careful what information you share online,
especially on social media. Remember, once
something is online, it can be difficult to erase
completely!

● USE ANTIVIRUS AND ANTI-MALWARE

SOFTWARE: These programs can help protect your
computer from viruses, malware, and other threats.
Think of them as your own personal security guards!
Password Management and Encryption:

● Password managers: These handy tools can help you

create and store strong passwords for all your
accounts. They're like secure vaults for your digital
keys!

● Encryption: This process scrambles your data into a

secret code that only authorized people can decipher.
Think of it like writing in a special language that
only those with the key can understand!

Bonus Tips:

● Enable two-factor authentication (2FA): This adds

an extra layer of security by requiring a second code,
like from your phone, to log in to your accounts.
Think of it like a double lock on your door!

● Back up your data regularly: This ensures you have

a copy of your important files in case something
happens to your computer. Think of it like having a
treasure chest hidden in a safe place!

● Talk to your parents or teachers: If you have any

questions or concerns about computer security, don't
hesitate to ask for help! Remember, knowledge is
power in the digital world!
Word Processing Software
software that provides for input, editing, formatting,
and output of text, often with some additional features.

WPS is a valuable tool for effectively managing and

presenting written content. It serves as a digital
platform where users can compose, edit, and format
various types of documents.

Features:

Effortless Typing: WPS allows users to type

and edit text efficiently, eliminating the
constraints of manual handwriting. It is
suitable for a range of documents, including
essays, stories, and presentations.

Editing Tools: The software provides

advanced editing capabilities, such as the
ability to correct typos using the backspace
key and rearrange content seamlessly with cut
and paste functions. Autocorrect features
contribute to error prevention.

Formatting Options: Users can enhance the

visual appeal of their documents by
incorporating different fonts, sizes, bold
headlines, italics, and bullet points.
 Organization Features: WPS facilitates
organization by offering tools to align
paragraphs, indent quotes, and utilize
headings. These features guide readers
through the content logically.

Grammar Check: Built-in spell and grammar

checkers help ensure the accuracy and
professionalism of written work.

Keyboard shortcuts:
lets you accomplish tasks in word processing software or any
other software way faster than clicking with your mouse.

Instead of navigating through menus, you press special

combinations of keys (like Ctrl+C or Ctrl+V).

Copy-Paste Shortcuts: Ctrl+C for copying

text and Ctrl+V for pasting, facilitating
instant duplication.

Undo Function: Ctrl+Z allows users to undo

actions, providing a safety net for accidental
mistakes.

Search and Replace: This feature streamlines

the process of locating and replacing specific
terms within a document.
 Shortcut Keys
From Novice to Ninja: Harnessing the Secrets
of Word Processing Shortcuts
By: Fernando Tiu

.:Navigation:.

Directional arrows: Move the cursor one

character in the specified direction.

Ctrl+Left/Right: Move the cursor one word

in the specified direction.

Ctrl+Up/Down: Move the cursor one

paragraph in the specified direction.

Home: Moves the cursor to the beginning of

the line.

End: Moves the cursor to the end of the line.

Ctrl+Home: Moves the cursor to the

beginning of the file.

Ctrl+End: Moves the cursor to the end of the

file.

Ctrl+F6: Switch active view from one file to

the next.
.:Highlighting:.

Shift+left/right: Highlights one character in

the specified direction.

Shift+up/down: Highlights one line in the

specified direction.

Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right: Highlight one word

in the specified direction.

Ctrl+Shift+Up/Down: Highlight one

paragraph in the specified direction.

Shift+Home: Highlights from the location

of the cursor to the beginning of the line.

Shift+End: Highlights from the location of

the cursor to the end of the line.

Ctrl+Shift+Home: Highlights from the

location of the cursor to the beginning of the
file.

Ctrl+Shift+End: Highlights from the

location of the cursor to the end of the file.

Ctrl+A: Highlights the entire contents of the

file.
.:Formatting:.

Ctrl+B: Boldface.
Ctrl+I: Italics.
Ctrl+U: Underline.
Ctrl+Shift+D: Double underline.
Ctrl+D: Bring up the font dialog box.
Ctrl+Shift+F: Bring up the font dialog box.
Ctrl+=: Subscript.
Ctrl+Shift+=: Superscript.

.:Alignment:.

Ctrl+L: Align left.

Ctrl+R: Align right.
Ctrl+E: Align center.
Ctrl+J: Align justify.
.:Editing:.

Ctrl+Z: Undo last action.

Ctrl+Y: Repeats the last action.
Ctrl+Enter: Page Break
Ctrl+C: Copy selected text or content.
Ctrl+X: Cut selected text or content.
Ctrl+V: Paste copied or cut text or content.
Ctrl+Shift+C: Copy format.
Ctrl+Shift+V: Paste copied format

.:Other Useful Shortcuts:.

F12: Save As.

Ctrl+F: Find.
Ctrl+H: Replace.
Shift+F3: Change case.
Spreadsheet
stands as a versatile tool designed to streamline data
management, analysis, and presentation. As a digital
spreadsheet platform, it empowers users to organize,
calculate, and visualize information in a structured
format.

Features:

​ Data Organization and Analysis:

​ provides a systematic grid format where users can
input, organize, and analyze data efficiently.
​ Formulas and functions enable users to perform
complex calculations, making it an invaluable tool
for numerical data manipulation.
​
​ Efficient Data Entry:
​ Users can enter and edit data seamlessly, avoiding
the constraints of manual tabulation.
​ Spreadsheet cells accommodate various data
types, including text, numbers, and dates.
​
​ Data Visualization:
​ Graphs and charts can be generated to visually
represent data trends, aiding in the interpretation
and communication of information.
​ Automatic Recalculation:
​ Formulas automatically recalculate when
underlying data changes, ensuring accuracy and
consistency in complex datasets.

​ Collaborative Features:
​ Multiple users can collaborate on a spreadsheet in
real-time, facilitating teamwork and efficient data
sharing.

​ Sorting and Filtering:

​ Offers tools for sorting data alphabetically or
numerically and applying filters to display specific
subsets of information.

​ Error Checking:
​ Built-in error-checking features help identify and
rectify common mistakes in formulas, ensuring
the integrity of data analysis.
Presentation Software
is a dynamic tool designed to assist users in creating
visually engaging and impactful presentations.
Functioning as a digital canvas, PS enables users to
convey information, ideas, and narratives through a
combination of text, graphics, and multimedia elements.

Functionalities:

Slide Creation and Organization:

offers a platform for creating individual
slides, each serving as a visual unit within the
presentation.Users can easily organize and
rearrange slides to structure the flow of
information.

Text and Content Entry:

Users can input and format text, adding
headers, bullet points, and other formatting
elements to enhance clarity and visual appeal.
Multimedia elements, such as images, audio,
and videos, can be seamlessly integrated into
slides.

Slide Transitions and Animation:

allows users to apply various slide transition
effects, creating smooth visual transitions
between slides. Animation features enable the
gradual reveal or movement of content on a
slide, adding a dynamic element to the
presentation.
Design Themes and Templates:
Pre-designed themes and templates provide a
cohesive and professional look to the
presentation. Customization options allow
users to tailor the design to match their
preferences and branding.

Presenter View:
offers a presenter view, allowing presenters to
see speaker notes, upcoming slides, and
additional information while the audience
views the main presentation.

Embedding Hyperlinks:
Users can incorporate hyperlinks to navigate
to external websites or other slides within the
presentation, enhancing interactivity.
Key Terms:

.:Word Processing:.

Document Formatting:
The arrangement and appearance of text, images, and other
elements within a document.

Spell Check:
A feature that identifies and corrects spelling errors in a
document.

Paragraph Alignment:
The adjustment of text alignment within a paragraph,
including options like left, right, center, and justified.

Header and Footer:

Sections at the top (header) and bottom (footer) of a
document that can contain text, page numbers, or other
information.

Mail Merge:
The process of combining a document with a data source to
personalize and customize multiple documents.

Styles:
Predefined sets of formatting options that can be applied to
text for a consistent look throughout a document.

Tables:
Grids of rows and columns used to organize and present data
within a document.
Footnotes and Endnotes:
Annotations or references added at the bottom of a page
(footnotes) or at the end of a document (endnotes).

Track Changes:
A feature that records and displays edits made to a
document, allowing for collaboration and revision tracking.

Thesaurus:
A tool that provides synonyms and antonyms for words,
assisting in diversifying and improving language use.

.:Excel:.

Cell Reference:
A unique identifier for a cell in a spreadsheet, usually defined
by its column letter and row number.

Formula:
An expression used to perform calculations or manipulate
data in a cell.

Data Validation:
Rules applied to cells to control the type and range of data
that can be entered.

Filtering:
The process of displaying only specific data based on defined
criteria while hiding the rest.
Pivot Table:
A data summarization tool used for analyzing, organizing,
and summarizing data in a spreadsheet.

Chart Types (e.g., Bar Chart, Pie Chart):

Visual representations of data to aid in understanding
patterns and trends.

Conditional Formatting:
Formatting applied to cells based on specified conditions,
making data interpretation easier.

VLOOKUP:
A function used to search for a value in a table and return a
corresponding value from another column.

Data Sorting:
Arranging data in ascending or descending order based on
specified criteria.

Data Analysis Tools:

Features and functions that assist in statistical analysis, trend
identification, and data visualization.

.:PowerPoint:.

Slide Transition:
The visual effect used to transition from one slide to another
during a presentation.
Animation Effects:
Visual effects applied to elements on a slide, such as text or
images, to enhance the presentation.

Master Slide:
A template slide that defines the overall layout and design
elements for the entire presentation.

Presenter View:
A feature that displays additional information to the
presenter while the audience sees the main presentation.

Slide Show Navigation:

Techniques and shortcuts for navigating between slides
during a presentation.

Embedding Multimedia:
The inclusion of audio, video, or other multimedia elements
within a presentation.

Slide Notes:
Additional information or speaker notes associated with
individual slides, visible to the presenter.

Hyperlinking:
Creating clickable links within a presentation that navigate
to other slides or external content.

SmartArt:
A feature that enables the creation of visually appealing
graphics and diagrams in a presentation.
Design Themes:
Predefined sets of colors, fonts, and effects that provide a
consistent and professional appearance to the presentation.
.:Summary:.

Software:
is a crucial component of computer systems that
encompasses applications, programs, and operating systems.
It is the set of instructions that enable computers to perform
specific tasks, ranging from word processing and data
analysis to running complex applications. Software
significantly enhances the functionality of hardware,
providing users with tools and interfaces to interact with
their devices efficiently. Whether it's operating systems,
productivity applications, or specialized software, it plays a
pivotal role in shaping the user experience and driving the
capabilities of computing devices.

Hardware:
represents the physical components of a computer system,
including the central processing unit (CPU), memory,
storage devices, input/output peripherals, and more. These
tangible elements work together to execute software
instructions and perform various computing tasks.
Hardware provides the necessary infrastructure for software
to function, and its capabilities, such as processing power
and memory capacity, influence the performance and speed
of a computer. The harmonious interaction between
software and hardware is essential for the seamless operation
of computer systems, ensuring users can execute tasks
effectively and efficiently.
Word Processing Software:
significantly enhances productivity by providing a digital
platform for composing, editing, and formatting various
documents. It eliminates the constraints of manual
handwriting, offers advanced editing tools, and facilitates
efficient organization, making it a valuable asset for those
seeking to transform thoughts into well-organized and
impactful written pieces.

Spreadsheet Software:
a productivity powerhouse, enabling users to efficiently
organize, analyze, and visualize data. With features such as
formula calculations, data visualization tools, and
collaborative capabilities, SS streamlines tasks related to data
management. Its versatile grid format and automation of
complex calculations make it an indispensable tool for
professionals and academics alike.

Presentation Software:
designed to boost productivity in creating visually engaging
and impactful presentations. With features like slide
creation, multimedia integration, and collaboration
capabilities, PS facilitates effective communication of ideas.
It allows users to structure information, apply design themes,
and incorporate dynamic elements, making it an essential
tool for professionals and educators aiming to deliver
compelling presentations.