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Lecture Notes Chapter 1

These are the lecture notes of Electrical Machines of chapter 1 from Stephan J Chapman book.

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adeebatahir7
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© © All Rights Reserved
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23 views

Lecture Notes Chapter 1

These are the lecture notes of Electrical Machines of chapter 1 from Stephan J Chapman book.

Uploaded by

adeebatahir7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

EE-260 Electrical Machines

Stephen J. Chapman
Course Books

• Stephen J. Chapman, Electric Machinery Fundamentals

• An Introduction to Electrical Machines and Transformers

• A. E. Fitzgerald, Electric Machinery


Course Objectives
• To study basic principles of Electromagnetism and Electromechanical systems.
• To study the theory, construction, operation and applications of Single Phase and
Three Phase Transformers.
• To study the principle of operation of DC machines, the construction,
characteristics and operation of DC generators and motors.
• To study the fundamentals of AC machinery, the construction, working principles
and operation of the Three-Phase Synchronous Generator, Three-Phase
Synchronous Motor and Three Phase Induction Motor.

• To study the working principle and operation of AC Single Phase and Special
Purpose Motors.
Course Outcomes and their Relation to Program Outcomes
(Mapping CLO to PLO)
CLO No PLO CLO Learning
No Level

1 1 Use basic principles of Electro-magnetism and Electro-mechanical systems. Use the principles C3
of operation of DC Machines. Use the fundamentals principles of AC machinery.

2 2 Analyze the Operation of Real Single-Phase and Three-Phase Transformers. Analyze the C4
Operation of Real DC Generators and Motors. Analyze the Operation of Real Three-Phase AC
Generators and Motors. Analyze the Operation of Real Single-Phase AC Motors.

3 4 Operate in laboratory real Single-Phase Transformers, real DC Generators and Motors, real P2
Three-Phase AC Generators and real Single-Phase AC Motors. Thereby acquiring their Speed-
Torque Characteristics and Terminal Characteristics on different loads.

4 9 Work effectively and efficiently as part of a team. Develop a professional relationship with A3
fellow team members & demonstrate the ability of handling/resolving conflicts.
Notations and basic concepts
•
•
•a
•
•
•
•
Notations and basic concepts
•
•
•
•
( )
•
( ) ( )
•
The magnetic Field

• A current carrying wire produces magnetic field.

• A time changing magnetic field induces a voltage.

• A current carrying wire in magnetic field experiences a force.

• Voltage is induced in a moving wire in magnetic field.


Production of magnetic field

, 𝑐

𝑟 0 0 H/m

H is magnetic field intensity[ampere turns per


meter]. B is magnetic flux density [weber per
square meter]. 0
𝑟 the permeability of the material,
permeability of the free space and relative
permeability, respectively.
Production of magnetic field

𝑐
Magnetic Circuit

=
ℛ

is magnetomotive force. is
reluctance of circuit. Reluctance
in magnetic circuit is counterpart
of electrical resistance.
Magnetic Circuit
• eq = + =
The fringing Effect of a magnetic field
Example 1
Example 1
Flux for 1A current input?
Example 1
.
•
( × )( . )

.
•
( × )( . )

ℱ
• 0.048Wb
ℛ
Example 2
Example 2
Total reluctance? Input current?
Example 2
.
•
( × )( . )

.
•
( )( × )( . )

ℛ ( . )( . )( , . / )
•

•
Example 3
Example 3
Flux for 1A current input?
Example 3
•
•
•
•
•
•
ℱ
• 0.000226Wb
ℛ
∅ .
•B
.
Magnetic behavior of Ferromagnetic materials
Magnetic behavior of Ferromagnetic materials

ℱ
•

•
The hysteresis loop for
an alternating current
Magnetic domains
Hysteresis loop

Small area implies less


hysteresis loss
Faraday’s Law
∅
•

•
Production of induced force on a wire
•
Induced voltage on a
conductor moving
in magnetic field
𝑒 =(v × B) 𝑙
Linear DC machine
Starting the Linear DC machine

• Close the switch


•
• to right
•
•
• Steady state
• 𝑒 = 𝑉 = 𝑣 𝐵𝑙, 𝑖 = 0, 𝑎 = 0
• ↑

• will decrease will increase


until steady state
Starting the linear DC machine
The Linear DC machine as motor
• Consider is applied apposite the direction of
•
•
•
↓
•
• until
•
• motor
The Linear DC machine as generator
• in the direction of motion
•
•
↑
•
•
• until
Starting problem
𝑉 250
𝑖= = = 2500𝐴
𝑅 0.1
Example 10
• Part a
↑
• Starting current
•
.

• At steady state.

•
( . )( )

•
• Part B
• 30N to the right
• At steady state
•
•
( )( . )
•
•
• =129m/s
( . )( )
•
•
• Part C 30N to the left
• At steady state
•
•
( . )( )
•
•
•
( . )( )
• Part e no load, B=0.08T
• =
•
( . )( )
Power in single phase circuits
•
•
•
•
• +
• Average power
• P=
Power in single phase circuits

• V=IZ
• 𝑃 = 𝐼 Zcos( 𝜃)(𝑤)
• Q= 𝐼 Zsin( 𝜃)(𝑣𝑎𝑟)
• S= 𝐼 Z(VA) 𝜘
• 𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋= 𝑍 cos( 𝜃) + 𝑗 𝑍 sin( 𝜃)
• 𝑅 = 𝑍 cos( 𝜃)
• X = 𝒁 sin( 𝜃)
• 𝑃=𝐼 𝑅
• Q= 𝐼 X
Complex Power
∗
•

∗
•

•
•
• Lagging or leading

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