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Comprehensive Python Guide

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lesaduluthmin64
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5 views

Comprehensive Python Guide

Uploaded by

lesaduluthmin64
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comprehensive Python Programming Guide

Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and versatility.

1. Installation

- Download and install Python from: https://www.python.org/downloads/

- Verify installation by running 'python --version' in your command line.

2. Basic Syntax

- Print statements: Use 'print()' to output data to the console.

Example:

print('Hello, World!')

- Comments: Use '#' for single-line comments and ''' for multi-line comments.

Example:

# This is a single-line comment

'''

This is a

multi-line comment

'''

3. Variables

- Variables are created by assigning a value with '='.

Example:

age = 25 # integer

name = 'Alice' # string

height = 5.5 # float


4. Data Types

- Common data types include:

- int: Integer

- float: Floating-point number

- str: String

- bool: Boolean (True/False)

Example:

x = 10 # int

y = 3.14 # float

z = 'Python' # str

a = True # bool

5. Control Structures

- Conditionals: Use 'if', 'elif', and 'else' to execute code based on conditions.

Example:

if age >= 18:

print('You are an adult.')

elif age < 13:

print('You are a child.')

else:

print('You are a teenager.')

- Loops: Use 'for' and 'while' to repeat actions.

Example of 'for' loop:

for i in range(5):

print(i)
Example of 'while' loop:

count = 0

while count < 5:

print(count)

count += 1

6. Functions

- Define functions using 'def'.

Example:

def greet(name):

return f'Hello, {name}!'

print(greet('Alice'))

7. Data Structures

- Lists: Ordered collections of items.

Example:

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

print(fruits[0]) # Output: apple

- Tuples: Immutable ordered collections.

Example:

coordinates = (10.0, 20.0)

print(coordinates[1]) # Output: 20.0

- Dictionaries: Key-value pairs.

Example:

person = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}


print(person['name']) # Output: Alice

- Sets: Unordered collections of unique items.

Example:

unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3}

print(unique_numbers) # Output: {1, 2, 3}

8. Object-Oriented Programming

- Classes and Objects: Define classes to create objects.

Example:

class Dog:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def bark(self):

return 'Woof!'

my_dog = Dog('Buddy')

print(my_dog.bark())

9. Modules and Libraries

- Importing modules using 'import'.

Example:

import math

print(math.sqrt(16)) # Output: 4.0

10. Exception Handling

- Handle errors gracefully using try and except.

Example:
try:

result = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError as e:

print('Error:', e)

11. File Handling

- Reading from and writing to files.

Example:

with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:

file.write('Hello, World!')

with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:

content = file.read()

print(content)

12. Advanced Topics

- Decorators: Modify function behavior.

Example:

def decorator_function(original_function):

def wrapper_function():

print('Wrapper executed before {}'.format(original_function.__name__))

return original_function()

return wrapper_function

@decorator_function

def display():

return 'Display function executed.'

print(display())
- Generators: Create iterators with 'yield'.

Example:

def generate_numbers():

for i in range(5):

yield i

for number in generate_numbers():

print(number)

- Context Managers: Manage resources with 'with'.

Example:

with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:

file.write('Using context manager.')

13. Conclusion

- Continue exploring Python and work on projects to enhance your skills.

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