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Essentials_of_Python_Programming

The document provides an overview of essential Python programming concepts, including variables, data types, control flow, functions, data structures, object-oriented programming, file handling, error handling, and modules. It covers key features such as conditional statements, loops, defining functions, and using classes. Additionally, it offers practical tips like list comprehensions and unpacking.

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gharsallahsoulaima234
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2 views

Essentials_of_Python_Programming

The document provides an overview of essential Python programming concepts, including variables, data types, control flow, functions, data structures, object-oriented programming, file handling, error handling, and modules. It covers key features such as conditional statements, loops, defining functions, and using classes. Additionally, it offers practical tips like list comprehensions and unpacking.

Uploaded by

gharsallahsoulaima234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Essentials of Python Programming

1. Variables and Data Types

- Variables: Containers to store data.

x = 10 # Integer

name = "Alice" # String

is_active = True # Boolean

- Data Types:

- Numeric: int, float, complex

- Sequence: list, tuple, range

- Text: str

- Mapping: dict

- Set Types: set, frozenset

- Boolean: bool

- Binary: bytes, bytearray, memoryview

2. Control Flow

- Conditional Statements:

if condition:

# code block
elif another_condition:

# code block

else:

# code block

- Loops:

- for Loop:

for i in range(5):

print(i)

- while Loop:

while condition:

# code block

- Break and Continue:

for i in range(10):

if i == 5:

break # Exit loop

if i % 2 == 0:

continue # Skip to next iteration

3. Functions

- Defining Functions:

def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"

- Lambda Functions:

square = lambda x: x**2

print(square(5))

4. Data Structures

- Lists:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

fruits.append("orange")

fruits[0] = "kiwi"

- Tuples:

dimensions = (200, 50)

- Dictionaries:

person = {"name": "John", "age": 30}

person["age"] = 31

- Sets:

unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3}
5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

- Classes and Objects:

class Person:

def __init__(self, name, age):

self.name = name

self.age = age

def greet(self):

return f"Hi, I am {self.name}!"

john = Person("John", 30)

print(john.greet())

- Inheritance:

class Employee(Person):

def __init__(self, name, age, salary):

super().__init__(name, age)

self.salary = salary

6. File Handling

- Reading Files:
with open("file.txt", "r") as file:

content = file.read()

- Writing Files:

with open("file.txt", "w") as file:

file.write("Hello, World!")

7. Error Handling

- Try-Except Blocks:

try:

x=1/0

except ZeroDivisionError as e:

print("Error:", e)

finally:

print("Execution complete.")

8. Modules and Libraries

- Importing Modules:

import math

print(math.sqrt(16))

- Installing Libraries (using pip):


pip install requests

- Using Libraries:

import requests

response = requests.get("https://api.example.com")

print(response.text)

9. Useful Tips

- List Comprehensions:

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

- Unpacking:

a, b, *rest = [1, 2, 3, 4]

- Enumerate:

for index, value in enumerate(["a", "b", "c"]):

print(index, value)

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