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Python Commands

Python to be done with the game time-wasters

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siswand.1989
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225 views

Python Commands

Python to be done with the game time-wasters

Uploaded by

siswand.1989
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Commands

1. print() - Displays output.


Syntax: print("Hello, World!")

2. input() - Takes user input as a string.


Syntax: name = input("Enter your name: ")

3. len() - Returns the length of a sequence (string, list, etc.).


Syntax: length = len("Hello")

4. type() - Returns the data type of an object.


Syntax: data_type = type(123)

Data Type Conversions


5. int() - Converts a value to an integer.
Syntax: num = int("123")

6. float() - Converts a value to a float.


Syntax: flt = float("12.3")

7. str() - Converts a value to a string.


Syntax: txt = str(123)

8. list() - Converts a value to a list.


Syntax: lst = list("abc") # ['a', 'b', 'c']

Control Flow Statements


9. if, elif, else - Conditional statements.
Syntax:
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative")

10. for - For loop iteration.


Syntax:
for i in range(5):
print(i)

11. while - While loop iteration.


Syntax:
while x < 5:
print(x)
x += 1

12. break - Stops the loop.


Syntax:
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)

13. continue - Skips the current iteration.


Syntax:
for i in range(5):
if i == 2:
continue
print(i)

14. pass - Does nothing (used as a placeholder).


Syntax:
if True:
pass # Placeholder for future code

File Management
15. open() - Opens a file in a specified mode.
Syntax: file = open("filename.txt", "r")

16. read() - Reads the file's content.


Syntax: content = file.read()

17. write() - Writes data to a file.


Syntax: file.write("Hello, World!")

18. close() - Closes a file.


Syntax: file.close()

Functions and Modules


19. def - Defines a function.
Syntax:
def greet(name):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")

20. return - Returns a value from a function.


Syntax:
def add(a, b):
return a + b

21. import - Imports a module.


Syntax: import math

22. from ... import ... - Imports specific items from a module.
Syntax: from math import sqrt

23. as - Assigns an alias to a module.


Syntax: import numpy as np

Exception Handling
24. try / except / finally - Catches exceptions.
Syntax:
try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero.")
finally:
print("End of code.")

Classes and Objects


25. class - Defines a class.
Syntax:
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

26. self - Refers to the instance of a class.


Syntax:
def greet(self):
print(f"Hello, {self.name}")

Miscellaneous Commands
27. help() - Shows help for a function or module.
Syntax: help(len)

28. dir() - Lists attributes and methods of an object.


Syntax: dir(str)

29. eval() - Evaluates a string as Python code.


Syntax: result = eval("3 + 5")

30. exec() - Executes dynamic Python code.


Syntax: exec("x = 5; print(x)")

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