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Creating a Python script that covers everything

This document provides a comprehensive overview of essential Python concepts, including syntax, data structures, functions, exception handling, and object-oriented programming. It includes code examples for each topic, covering advanced features like decorators, multithreading, and working with APIs. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of practical experimentation to deepen understanding of Python.

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pseli360
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Creating a Python script that covers everything

This document provides a comprehensive overview of essential Python concepts, including syntax, data structures, functions, exception handling, and object-oriented programming. It includes code examples for each topic, covering advanced features like decorators, multithreading, and working with APIs. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of practical experimentation to deepen understanding of Python.

Uploaded by

pseli360
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Creating a Python script that covers "everything you need to know about Python" is a big task

because Python is a comprehensive and versatile programming language. However, I can provide
an overview and code examples for key Python concepts. This will cover the fundamentals,
common libraries, and features.

Here’s a Python code with explanations on the essential topics you need to know:

python
Copy code
# 1. Basic Syntax and Variables

# Assigning variables
x = 10 # Integer
y = 3.14 # Float
name = "Alice" # String
is_valid = True # Boolean

# Printing variables
print(f"Integer: {x}, Float: {y}, String: {name}, Boolean: {is_valid}")

# 2. Data Structures

# List: Ordered, mutable collection of items


fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print("List:", fruits)
fruits.append("orange") # Add to list
print("Updated List:", fruits)

# Tuple: Ordered, immutable collection of items


coordinates = (4, 5)
print("Tuple:", coordinates)

# Set: Unordered collection of unique items


unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}
print("Set:", unique_numbers)

# Dictionary: Key-value pairs


person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}
print("Dictionary:", person)
print("Name from Dictionary:", person["name"])

# 3. Conditional Statements

if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to 5")

# 4. Loops

# For Loop (Iterating over a list)


for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)

# While Loop (Execute while condition is True)


count = 0
while count < 3:
print(f"Count is {count}")
count += 1

# 5. Functions

def greet(name):
"""A simple function that greets the user."""
return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Alice"))

# Lambda Function (Anonymous function)


multiply = lambda a, b: a * b
print("Multiplication result:", multiply(3, 5))

# 6. Exception Handling

try:
result = x / 0 # This will raise an error
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
finally:
print("This will always execute")

# 7. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

class Animal:
def __init__(self, name, sound):
self.name = name
self.sound = sound

def speak(self):
return f"{self.name} says {self.sound}"

dog = Animal("Dog", "Woof")


print(dog.speak())

# 8. Modules and Libraries

import math

# Using math module for square root


print("Square root of 16:", math.sqrt(16))

# 9. List Comprehension
squares = [i**2 for i in range(5)]
print("Squares:", squares)

# 10. File Handling

# Writing to a file
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("Hello, this is a Python file.")

# Reading from a file


with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print("File content:", content)

# 11. Regular Expressions (regex)

import re

pattern = r"\d+" # Matches one or more digits


text = "There are 25 apples and 30 bananas"
numbers = re.findall(pattern, text)
print("Numbers in text:", numbers)

# 12. List Operations

# Slicing
sub_list = fruits[1:3] # Get items from index 1 to 2
print("Sliced List:", sub_list)

# Sorting
fruits.sort()
print("Sorted List:", fruits)

# 13. Dictionary Operations

# Add item to dictionary


person["occupation"] = "Engineer"
print("Updated Dictionary:", person)

# Dictionary Iteration
for key, value in person.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")

# 14. Decorators

def decorator_func(func):
def wrapper():
print("Before function execution")
func()
print("After function execution")
return wrapper

@decorator_func
def say_hello():
print("Hello!")

say_hello()

# 15. Working with Dates and Times

import datetime

current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print("Current Date and Time:", current_time)

# 16. Virtual Environment (for Dependency Management)


# To create a virtual environment:
# python -m venv myenv

# To activate:
# On Windows: myenv\Scripts\activate
# On Mac/Linux: source myenv/bin/activate

# To install dependencies (in virtual environment):


# pip install package_name

# 17. Python Generators

def my_generator():
for i in range(5):
yield i

gen = my_generator()
for value in gen:
print(value)

# 18. Handling JSON

import json

# Convert Python dictionary to JSON string


person_json = json.dumps(person)
print("Person in JSON format:", person_json)

# Convert JSON string to Python dictionary


parsed_data = json.loads(person_json)
print("Parsed Data:", parsed_data)

# 19. Multithreading (for concurrent execution)

import threading

def print_numbers():
for i in range(5):
print(i)

# Create two threads


thread1 = threading.Thread(target=print_numbers)
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=print_numbers)

# Start the threads


thread1.start()
thread2.start()

# 20. Working with APIs (Using Requests Library)

import requests

# Make a GET request to a website (example: JSONPlaceholder API)


response = requests.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1")
data = response.json() # Convert JSON response to Python dictionary
print("API Response:", data)
# 21. Advanced List Operations

# Filtering with condition


even_numbers = [i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]
print("Even Numbers:", even_numbers)

Key Concepts Covered:

1. Basic Syntax & Variables


2. Data Structures: Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
3. Conditional Statements
4. Loops: For, While
5. Functions & Lambda Expressions
6. Exception Handling
7. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
8. Modules and Libraries
9. List Comprehensions
10. File Handling
11. Regular Expressions
12. List Operations (e.g., slicing, sorting)
13. Dictionary Operations
14. Decorators
15. Datetime Handling
16. Virtual Environments
17. Generators
18. JSON Handling
19. Multithreading
20. APIs & Requests
21. Advanced List Operations (e.g., filtering)

Conclusion:

This code covers a broad set of topics, but Python has even more features (like networking,
testing frameworks, advanced algorithms, and more). By experimenting with each section and
building real projects, you'll get a deeper understanding of Python.

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