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python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability, simplicity, and versatility, supporting multiple programming paradigms. Key features include dynamic typing, extensive libraries, and cross-platform compatibility, making it suitable for beginners and professionals. Common applications range from web development and data analysis to machine learning and automation.

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siegerintern
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12 views

python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability, simplicity, and versatility, supporting multiple programming paradigms. Key features include dynamic typing, extensive libraries, and cross-platform compatibility, making it suitable for beginners and professionals. Common applications range from web development and data analysis to machine learning and automation.

Uploaded by

siegerintern
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python

1. What is Python?
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability,
simplicity, and versatility. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including
procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Python is open-source and
has a large community that contributes to its rich ecosystem of libraries and
frameworks.

2. Key Features of Python


 Easy to Read and Write: Python’s syntax is clean and easy to learn, making
it an excellent choice for beginners.
 Interpreted Language: Python code is executed line by line, which makes
debugging easier.
 Dynamic Typing: Variables in Python do not require explicit declarations;
types are determined at runtime.
 Extensive Libraries: Python has a vast collection of libraries and
frameworks, from web development to data analysis.
 Cross-Platform Compatibility: Python code can run on various operating
systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux.
 Community Support: A large and active community provides extensive
documentation, tutorials, and resources.

3. Installing Python
1. Download Python:
o Visit the official Python website to download the latest version of
Python.
2. Installation:
o Follow the installation instructions for your respective operating
system. Make sure to check the box to add Python to your system
PATH during installation.
3. Verifying Installation:
o Open a command prompt or terminal and type python --
version or python3 --version to verify the installation.

4. Basic Syntax and Data Structures


 Variables and Data Types:

python

my_string = "Hello, World!" # String


my_int = 10 # Integer
my_float = 20.5 # Float
my_bool = True # Boolean

 Basic Operators:

python
sum_result = my_int + my_float # Addition
difference = my_int - 5 # Subtraction
product = my_int * 2 # Multiplication
quotient = my_float / 2 # Division

 Data Structures:

o Lists: Ordered, mutable collections.

python

my_list = [1, 2, 3, "Python"]


my_list.append(4) # Add element

o Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections.

python

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)

o Dictionaries: Key-value pairs that are unordered and mutable.

python

my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

o Sets: Unordered collections of unique elements.

python

my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4}
my_set.add(5)

5. Control Flow
 Conditional Statements:

python

if my_int > 5:
print("Greater than 5")
elif my_int == 5:
print("Equal to 5")
else:
print("Less than 5")

 Loops:

python

# For loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)

# While loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1
6. Functions
 Defining Functions:

python

def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Alice")) # Output: Hello, Alice!


 Lambda Functions: Anonymous functions defined with the lambda keyword.
python

square = lambda x: x ** 2
print(square(4)) # Output: 16

7. Modules and Libraries


 Importing Modules:

python

import math
print(math.sqrt(16)) # Output: 4.0

 Popular Libraries:

o NumPy: For numerical computing.


o Pandas: For data manipulation and analysis.
o Matplotlib: For data visualization.
o Scikit-learn: For machine learning.
o Flask/Django: For web development.

8. File Handling
 Reading and Writing Files:

python

# Writing to a file
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("Hello, Python!")

# Reading from a file


with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)

9. Error Handling
 Try/Except Blocks:

python

try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
finally:
print("Execution completed")

10. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)


 Classes and Objects:

python

class Dog:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

def bark(self):
return f"{self.name} says woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Buddy")
print(my_dog.bark()) # Output: Buddy says woof!

11. Common Applications of Python


 Web Development: Using frameworks like Django and Flask to build web
applications.
 Data Analysis: Utilizing libraries like Pandas and NumPy for data
manipulation.
 Machine Learning: Implementing algorithms using libraries such as Scikit-
learn and TensorFlow.
 Automation: Writing scripts for file management, web scraping, and process
automation.
 Game Development: Creating games using libraries like Pygame.
 Internet of Things (IoT): Programming Raspberry Pi or Arduino projects.

12. Best Practices


 Code Readability: Use clear and descriptive variable and function names.
 Documentation: Document your code using comments and docstrings.
 Use Virtual Environments: Isolate project dependencies using tools
like venv or conda.
 Version Control: Use Git for tracking code changes and collaboration.
 Follow PEP 8 Guidelines: Adhere to Python’s style guide for writing clean
code.

Conclusion
Python is a versatile and widely-used programming language with applications in
various domains, from web development to data science and artificial intelligence.
Its simplicity and robust libraries make it a preferred choice for beginners and
professionals alike.

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