8165

VICTOR 8165
6 1/2 Digital Multimeter

User's Manual
1
Safety Precautions
Make sure that you use this product as specified to avoid personal injury and product damage,
and do not go to the next step before fully understanding and meeting the following warnings.
 Safety grounding. Please make sure that the power-line grounding terminal is reliably
connected to the protective grounding terminal of the product. Inset the instrument into the
grounded power outlet.
 Use fuses properly. In order to provide continuous fire protection, please only use the fuses
of specified types and rated values.
 Front/rear switch safety items. When there are signals on front/rear terminal set, please do
not change positions of front/rear switch on the front panel. Generally the switch can not be
used as a movable multiplexer, and switchover under high voltage or high current may
cause instrument damage or may cause electric shock.
 Correctly use leading wire suite. Please do not use damaged or worn-out leading wire
suite, which may cause instrument damage or personal injury. During probe using, the
fingers should be kept behind finger-protecting device of the probe. While wiring, firstly
connect the common line and then the charged testing line, and while disconnecting, firstly
disconnect the charged testing line.
 If the product works in disorder, please do no use. The product’s protecting devices may
be damaged, and do not install substitute parts or adjust the product arbitrarily. Please return
the product for maintenance or ask professionals to inspect to ensure its security feature.
 The product can by no means be used in flammable and combustible environment.
 Protection limits.
Under the condition of not exceeding protection limits, the protection circuitry provided by this
product can prevent instruments from being damaged or electrically shocked. In order to ensure
safe instrument operation, please do not exceed the protection limits indicated on the front and
rear panels, defined as follows:
Note: What showed in the above figure is front panel terminal, and rear panel terminal is
basically the same as the front panel terminal but without 12A-current shift, with
current-protection fuse on the rear panel.
Protection limits of input terminal are as follows:
Main input (HI and LO) terminals.
2
HI and LO input terminals are used in voltage, resistance, capacitance, continuity, frequency and
diode test, and the protection limits of the two terminals are as follows:
1) Protection limit from HI to LO. Protection limit from HI to LO is 1000 VDC or 750 VAC,
which is the maximum measurable voltage. The limit can also be expressed as 1000Vpk at most.
2) Protection limit from LO to grounding. Relative to grounding LO input terminal can safely
“float” to 500Vpk at most.
Protection limit of sense terminals
HI and LO sense terminals are only used in 4-wire resistance and ratio measurement. Protection
limit for all the terminal pairs is 200Vpk, and all the terminal pairs refer to LO SENSE to LO
INPUT, HI SENCE to LO INPUT, and HI SENSE to LO SENSE.
Current input (10A and 400mA) terminals.
10A terminal and LO terminal are used in current measurement of 1A and 12A measurement
ranges, and fuses inside the multimeter provide 15A protection limit at most to the current
through 12A terminal. 100mA terminal and LO terminal are used in current measurement of
measurement range from 10uA to 100mA, and current input fuses on the rear panel provide
500mA protection limit at most to the current through 100mA terminal.
Note:
In order to avoid fuse blowout and multimeter damage, please use current input terminals as
indicated as follows.
1) 12A and 100mA input terminals are not allowed to be connected to the current measurement
loops at the same time.
2) If the valid values of currents to be measured AC+DC are from 100mA to 12A, and only 12A
and LO terminals are allowed to be used in measurement.
3) When measuring current, please correctly select the current input terminals according to the
predicted current size before connecting multimeter power.
4) Current input to 12A terminal can not exceed 15A at most, otherwise fuses inside multimeter
will be blown out; current input to 400mA terminal can not exceed 500mA at most, otherwise
current input fuses on rear panel will be blown out.
 IEC measurement category II overvoltage protection.
In order to avoid electric shock, the product provides overvoltage protection in connection of the
mains which meet the following two conditions at the same time;
1. HI and LO input terminals are connected to mains under the measurement category II
conditions (as described in the following).
2. The maximum line voltage of mains is 300VAC.
Warning: IEC measurement category II includes electric devices connected to mains through an
outlet on branch circuit. Such devices include most small appliances, test equipment, and other
devices that plug into branch outlets.
3
The product can be used in such measurements: HI and LO input terminals connect to mains in
these devices (maximum 300VAC) or to the branch outlets. However, the HI and LO input
terminals of this product can not be connected to mains in permanently-installed electric devices,
such as main circuit-breaker panel, sub-panel disconnect boxes, or permanently wired motors.
Such devices and circuits are easily subject to overvoltages that may exceed the protection limits
of the product.
Note: Voltages above 300 VAC may be measured only in circuits that are isolated from mains.
However, transient overvoltages are also present on circuits that are broken from mains. The
product is designed to safely withstand occasional transient overvoltages up to 2500 Vpk. Do not
use this equipment to measure circuits where transient overvoltages could exceed this level.
Environmental Precautions
The product complies with requirements indicated in WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC).The affixed
product label (see below) indicates that you must not discard this electrical/electronic product
along with domestic household waste.
Product category: With reference to the equipment types specified in the WEEE directive
Annex 1, this product is classified as "Monitoring and Control Instrument" product.
Some substances contained in the product may be harmful to environment or human body. In
order to avoid hazardous substances releasing to environment or endangering human body, it is
recommended to recycle the product in a proper way to make sure that most of materials can be
correctly re-used or recycled. Contact local authority for disposal or recycling information.
Symbols on Product
The following symbols may appear on products:
Signal Ground Chassis Ground High Voltage Reference Manual
4
Brief Introduction to VICTOR 8165A and VICTOR 8165 Digit
Multimeter
VICTOR 8165A or VICTOR 8165 multimeter provides 6 1/2digits, high-performance AC and
DC measurements.
The multimeter is equipped with a 3.5-inch color display with high resolution and built-in
intelligent operation system, and is able to provide more information and functions, simpler
operation, wider testing range and more flexible and convenient system building. It is a new digit
multimeter that leads the developing tendency above.
They are mainly characterized by:
 6 1/2 resolution (VICTOR 8165A/VICTOR 8165)
 The digital multimeter is equipped with a 3.5-inch color display screen (resolution ratio is
320*480), which is powerful enough to provide greater coverage of content, flexible display
of a variety of graphical interface, and good display effects. The users can also customize
the display interface depending on their needs, and choose from various display functions
such as graphics, figures, maths and other functions simultaneously on the screen.
 Bi-parameter display can display two parameters in one input signal (such as display AC
voltage value and AC frequency value during AC voltage measurement).
 Conduct remote operation through interfaces of IEEE 488 (VICTOR 8165A), RS-232, LAN
and USB Device.
 With functions of trigger input and output of measuring completion.
 The front-panel menu is with USB port for data storage, procedure updating and
configuration.
 Customers can update host software by themselves.
 Two-wire and four-wire measurement for resistance, 10Ω and 1GΩ measurement range for
extension.
 Measurement of period and frequency, and frequency can reach to 300 kHz.
 Capacitance measurement.
 For temperature measurement, users can set sensor measurement by themselves.
 Maximum current measurement capacity reaches up to 12A.
 Many math functions: statistics (maximum value, minimum value and average value), zero
elimination, dB, dBm and limit.
 Graphic display: tendency chart, histogram, history curve, listing and other display
methods.
 Support SCPI programming language and many command sets (Agilent 34401A and Fluke
45).
 With internal and external calibration functions.
Basic difference:
VICTOR 8165A VICTOR 8165
With GPIB interface Without GPIB interface
With rear panel signal input Without rear panel signal input
terminal terminal
5
Contents
1. Quick Start .................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1 Inspect Product Accessories ................................................................................................ 8
1.2 Front Panel .......................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Rear Panel ......................................................................................................................... 10
1.4 Adjust Handles .................................................................................................................. 11
1.5 Start Multimeter ................................................................................................................ 11
1.6 User Interface .................................................................................................................... 12
1.7 Measurement Wiring ......................................................................................................... 13
2. Basic Operations of Front Panel ................................................................................................. 15
2.1 Conduct Basic Measurement............................................................................................. 15
2.1.1 DC voltage measurement ....................................................................................... 15
2.1.2 DC voltage ratio measurement ............................................................................... 16
2.1.3 AC voltage measurement ....................................................................................... 17
2.1.4 DC current measurement ........................................................................................ 18
2.1.5 AC current measurement ........................................................................................ 19
2.1.6 Resistance measurement ........................................................................................ 20
2.1.7 Frequency/Period measurement ............................................................................. 21
2.1.8 Capacitance measurement ...................................................................................... 22
2.1.9 Continuity measurement ........................................................................................ 23
2.1.10 Diode measurement .............................................................................................. 23
2.2 Usage of Sensor ................................................................................................................ 24
2.2.1 Thermal resistance sensor ...................................................................................... 24
3. Characteristic and Function......................................................................................................... 24
3.1 Measurement Configuration.............................................................................................. 24
3.1.1 AC signal filter ....................................................................................................... 24
3.1.2 Continuity threshold resistance .............................................................................. 25
3.1.3 DC input resistance ................................................................................................ 25
3.1.4 Resolution .............................................................................................................. 26
3.1.5 Integral time ........................................................................................................... 27
3.1.6 Switch between front/rear input terminals ............................................................. 27
3.1.7 Auto zero calibration .............................................................................................. 27
3.1.8 Select measurement range (measurement shift) ..................................................... 28
3.2 Math Operation ................................................................................................................. 28
3.2.1 Relative (zero) operation ........................................................................................ 29
3.2.2 dBm value measurement ........................................................................................ 30
3.2.3 dB value measurement. .......................................................................................... 30
3.2.4 Limit test ................................................................................................................ 31
3.3 Trigger ............................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.2 Reading holding ..................................................................................................... 33
3.3.3 Trigger parameter setting ....................................................................................... 34
3.3.4 Trigger output ......................................................................................................... 34
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3.4 Data Record....................................................................................................................... 35
3.5 Relevant System Operations ............................................................................................. 35
3.5.1 System setting ........................................................................................................ 35
3.5.2 Command set .......................................................................................................... 36
3.5.3 Topic ....................................................................................................................... 36
3.5.4 Self-test .................................................................................................................. 36
3.5.5 Calibration .............................................................................................................. 37
3.5.6 System information inquiry and system updating .................................................. 37
4. Conduct Remote Control............................................................................................................. 37
4.1 GPIB Interface Configuration (Only Supported By VICTOR 8165A) ............................. 37
4.2 RS232 Interface Configuration ......................................................................................... 38
4.3 USB Interface Configuration ............................................................................................ 38
4.4 LAN Interface Configuration ............................................................................................ 38
5. Measurement Guide .................................................................................................................... 39
5.1 DC Measurement Considerations...................................................................................... 39
5.1.1 Thermoelectromotive force error ........................................................................... 39
5.1.2 DCV load error ............................................................................................................... 39
5.1.3 DCI load error ........................................................................................................ 40
5.1.4 Noise control .......................................................................................................... 40
5.1.5 Resistance measurement considerations ................................................................ 42
5.2 AC Measurement Considerations ...................................................................................... 42
5.2.1 True virtual value AC measurement ....................................................................... 42
5.2.2 Crest factor error (non-sine wave input) ................................................................ 43
5.2.3 ACV load error ....................................................................................................... 44
6. Indicators..................................................................................................................................... 44
6.1 DC Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 45
6.1.1 Basic characteristics ............................................................................................... 45
6.2 Uncertainty Indicators ....................................................................................................... 47
6.2.1 Additional error ...................................................................................................... 48
6.3 AC Characteristics............................................................................................................. 48
6.3.1 Basic characteristics ............................................................................................... 48
6.3.2 Uncertainty indicators ............................................................................................ 49
6.3.3 Additional error ...................................................................................................... 50
6.4 Frequency and Period Characteristics ............................................................................... 50
6.4.1 Uncertainty indicators ............................................................................................ 50
6.4.2 Low-frequency additional error ............................................................................. 51
6.5 Capacitance ....................................................................................................................... 51
6.6 Temperature....................................................................................................................... 51
7
Users manual VICTOR 8165A and VICTOR 8165 6 1/2 Digit Multimeter
1. Quick Start
1.1 Inspect Product Accessories

Confirm that multimeter is attached with the following subjects, among which the optional
accessories can be attached to products only after purchasing. If any subject is missed, please
contact the closest sale office.
 ET32 User manual
Standard equipped accessories: Optional equipped accessories:
 One set of hard-spot testing line and a  GPIB cable
2mm probe  Cabinet-installing suite
 One piece of double-end three-core  PT100 temperature probe
power line  RS232 serial port line
 One pair of alligator clips  USB data line
 Two pieces of backup power fuses
1.2 Front Panel

This 6 1/2 digit multimeter provides a 480*320 TFT display, and the equipped display can
indicate current working status, F1-F5 software define area, measured value, etc.
1 2 3 4
9
8 7 6
10
No. Introduction
1 HI and LO sense input terminals. Use 4-wire resistance voltage to measure the input, or
refer to ratio measurement for voltage input.
2 HI and LO main input terminal, all functions exclusive of current)
3 480×320 TFT LCD
4 Function keys of digit multimeter. Select functions of digit multimeter, such as DC voltage,
AC voltage, DC current, AC current, resistance, continuity, diode test, frequency, period,
capacitance, ratio and sensor.
5 Direction and enter key can set measurement range and measurement rate in normal
measurement interface and can be used in menu selection and numeric value setting in
menu.
6 Soft power switch.
7 USB HOST interface is used for procedure updating and data storage.
8
8 F1-F5 softkeys. Softkeys are used to select different menu options in digit multimeter menu.
Each softkey function is indicated by the label at screen bottom, and softkeys which are not
indicated by labels on the screen are invalid.
9 100mA and 12A input connection ends are used in AC and DC current measurement
10 Front/rear switch
Keys are classified into three main categories, that is, function key, setting key and redefine key,
among which function key is used to quickly select needed measurement function, setting key to
set system and function parameters, and redefine key to redefine by application program
according to changes of measurement functions.
Function key includes all the basic measurement function keys of DC voltage, DC current, AC
voltage, AC current, resistance 2-wire, resistance 4-wire, frequency, period, on-off, diode, sensor,
capacitance and ratio, among which resistance 2-wire and resistance 4-wire share one key,
frequency and period share one, and on-off and diode share one.
Setting key is to set parameters of current measurement function or system. Frequently-used
settings solely using one key is placed on the panel for quick setting; those non-frequently-used
settings are placed in general setting key and operated through menu. The frequently-used ones
include math function, trigger setting, holding, operating, single trigger, measurement setting,
etc.
Softkey includes 5 redefine keys to redefine by application program as required under different
functions.
: Select DC voltage measurement.
: Select AC voltage measurement.
: Select DC current measurement.
: Select AC current measurement.
: Select 2-wire or 4-wire resistance measurement.
: Select frequency or period measurement.
: Select capacitance measurement.
: Select continuity measurement or diode measurement.
: Select sensor measurement.
: Select ratio measurement.
: Reading holding.
9
: Single trigger.
: Enter math function configuration.
: Enter trigger function configuration.
: Enter parameter configuration of current measurement function.
: Relative system operations include storage, interface, command set, display, system
information, etc.
: Redefine function.
1.3 Rear Panel

1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9
14 13 12 11 10
No. Introduction
1 Power outlet.
2 Power fuses
3 Power switch
4 Voltage selector
5 VCM output (voltmeter completes measurement output)
6 External output
7 Current input fuse
8 HI and LO main input terminal
9 HI and LO sensor input terminal
10 Current input terminal
11 USB Device interface
12 LAN interface
13 RS232 interface
14 GPIB interface
Remark: Only terminals of No. 8, 9, 10 and 14 are used on “VICTOR 8165A”.
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1.4 Adjust Handles
To adjust handles of digit multimeter, please hold the handles on both sides of the meter, and
then rotate the handles to the needed positions. Operating method is as shown in the following
figure
Handles adjusting method
Position during working Position during carriage
1.5 Start Multimeter

1. Connect to AC power
1) Power supply of multimeter may select 110V or 220V, and you may adjust power voltage
selector installed on multimeter rear panel according to your power supply voltage.
2) Connect the multimeter to AC power with power line supplied by accessories.
2. Start multimeter
Turn on the power switch under power outlet.
3. If the instrument is not normally started, please check according to the following steps:
1) Check whether power line is well connected.
2) Check whether the power switch of rear panel is turned on.
3) If the instrument still can not be started after check, please check whether the power fuse is
blown out, if necessary, replace fuses.
4) If the instrument still can not be started after check, please contact relevant departments.
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1.6 User Interface

User interface has three kinds of display modes, and can switch among different modes by
pressing the softkey of Display ( ).

Default user display interface:
主功能量程测量参数控制模式
运行指示
状态指示
主显测量值
副显测量值
操作菜单
Description: The figure displays the interface during AC voltage measurement, with major
display being voltage measurement value, and auxiliary display frequency measurement value.
Statistic data display interface:
统计数据
直方图
Statistic Data Display

Description: Under this display mode, besides current measurement values, the interface displays
some statistic data, such as maximum value, minimum value, average value and standard
deviation. At the bottom of the screen is the histogram composed of measurement data, showing
data distribution.
12
History curve display interface:
当前值
历史曲线
测量点数
History curve display

Description: Under this display mode, the upper part of the screen displays current measurement
values, and the lower part displays tendency chart of the recorded data, wherein the abscissa axis
represents number of measurement points, the first record value is 0 and increases by 1 every
time gain a new measurement value; ordinate axis represents measurement value.
1.7 Measurement Wiring
Press to select DC voltage Press to select DC voltage ratio

measurement function. measurement function
+ Signal
+ +
DC voltage Reference
voltage voltage
- - -
Note: The main input LO terminal and sense LO terminal of DC voltage ratio measurement
function have to share common reference points, and their voltage difference can not exceed
±2V.
Press to select AC voltage measurement function
交交交交
AC voltage
13
1A-12A measurement is as shown in the

Press to select DC current
following figure
measurement function
- -
DC current
DC current
DC current
+ +
Note: 12A and 100mA input terminals are not allowed to be connected to the current
measurement loops at the same time.
looplooploops at the same time. 100mA-12A measurement is as shown in

Press to select AC current the following figure:
AC AC current
ACcurrent
current
Note: 12A and 100mA input terminals are not allowed to be connected to the current
measurement loops at the same time.
Press to select 4-wire resistance

Press to select 2-wire resistance
+
I +
Resistanc
Resistanc
eResistance e Resistance
- -
14
Press to select frequency Press to select period measurement
measurement function function
AC signal AC signal
Press to select capacitance measurement function.
Capacitanc
+
Capacitance
e
-
Press to select continuity Press to select diode test

measurement function measurement function
I
I
+ Forward
+
Open circuit
or short bias
- -
circuit
2. Basic Operations of Front Panel

2.1 Conduct Basic Measurement
2.1.1 DC voltage measurement
Basic information
 Measurement range: 100mV, 1V, 10V, 100V and 1000V
 Maximum resolution: 100nV.
Operation description:
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1) Press to select DC voltage measurement function, and automatically enter DC

voltage measurement function every time when the machine is started.
Description: Major display value refers to measured voltage value, and auxiliary displayed value
refers to the ratio between current measurement value and full measurement range.
2) Connect test lines as indicated in chapter “1.4 Measurement wiring”.
3) Select measurement range as required, and may select automatic measurement, or press the
softkeys of Measurement range+ ( ) and Measurement range- ( ) to select fixed
measurement range, which have same effect as keys of and .
4) Press the softkey of Relative ( ) to record the current value, after which display the
difference between actual measurement value and current recorded value.
5) Press the softkey of Display ( ) to switch modes, and refer to the chapter of User
interface for details.
6) If necessary, press to configure the following measurement parameters: integral time,
input impedance and zero calibration method, and refer to the chapter of Measurement
configuration for details.
7) If necessary, press to configure math operation function (limits, dBm, dB and relative),
and refer to description in the chapter of Math operation for details.
2.1.2 DC voltage ratio measurement

Basic Information
 Ratio measurement refers to that measure input voltages to main input terminal and sense
terminal with multimeter, and work out the ratio.
Voltage ratio= Voltage value of main input terminal/Voltage value of sense terminal.
 Main input LO terminal and sense LO terminal have to share common reference points, and
their voltage difference can not exceed ±2V.
 Ration measurement is automatic measurement range measurement, and automatic zero
calibration is started. Main input terminal can measure up to 1000V voltage at most, and
sense terminal to 12V voltage at most.
Operation description
16
1) Press to select DC voltage ratio measurement function.
Description: Major display represents the voltage ratio value between main input terminal and
sense terminal, the lower part (IN) represents voltage value measured at main input terminal, and
(REF) represents reference voltage value measured at sense terminal.
2) Connect test lines as indicated in the chapter of 1.4 Measurement wiring.
3) Press and to select different integral times, and refer to the chapter of Measurement
configuration for details
2.1.3 AC voltage measurement

Basic information
 Measurement range: 100mV, 1V, 10V, 100V and 750V.
 AC technology: true virtual value measurement and AC coupling method.
 Maximum resolution: 100nV.
1) Press to select AC voltage measurement function.
Description: Major displayed value refers to measurement voltage value, and auxiliary displayed
value refers to frequency measurement value of the current input signal.
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5) Press the softkey of Display ( ) to switch modes, and refer to the chapter of “Users
interface” for details.
6) If necessary, press to configure the following measurement parameters: AC filter, and
refer to the chapter of Measurement configuration for details.
2.1.4 DC current measurement

Basic information
 Current measurement is classified into low current measurement and high current
measurement, with different wiring methods.
 Low current measurement range: 10uA, 100uA, 1mA, 10mA and 100mA
 High current measurement range: 1A and 12A.
 Maximum resolution: 10pA.
1) Press to select DC current measurement function.
Description: Major displayed value refers to measurement current value, and auxiliary displayed
value refers to the ratio between current measurement value and full measurement range.
3) Select measurement range as required, and may select automatic measurement, press the
softkey of to select low current measurement, press the softkey of to select high current
measurement, and press keys of and to switch measurement range.
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6) If necessary, press to configure the following measurement parameters: integral time,
input impedance and zero calibration method, and refer to the chapter of Measurement
configuration for details.
2.1.5 AC current measurement

Basic information
 Current measurement is classified into low current measurement and high current
measurement, with different wiring methods.
 Low current measurement range: 100uA, 1mA, 10mA and 100mA
 High current measurement range: 1A and 12A.
 Maximum resolution: 100pA.
1) Press to select AC current measurement function.
Description: Major displayed value refers to measurement current value, and auxiliary displayed
value refers to frequency measurement value of the current input signal.
3) Select measurement range as required, and may select automatic measurement, press the
softkey of to select low current measurement, press the softkey of to select high current
measurement, and press keys of and to switch measurement range.
5) Press the softkey of Display ( ) to switch modes, and refer to the chapter of Users
6) If necessary, press to configure the following measurement parameters: AC filter and
refer to the chapter of Measurement configuration for details.
7) If necessary, press to configure math operation function (limits and relative), and refer
to description in the chapter of Math operation for details.
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2.1.6 Resistance measurement

Basic information
 10Ω, 100Ω, 1kΩ, 10kΩ, 100kΩ, 1MΩ, 10MΩ, 100MΩ and 1GΩ.
 Maximum resolution: 10uΩ.
1) Press to select 2-wire resistance measurement or 4-wire resistance measurement
function.
Description: Major displayed value refers to measurement voltage value, and auxiliary displayed
value refers to the ratio between the current measurement value and full measurement range.
6) If necessary, press to configure the following measurement parameters: integral time
and zero calibration and refer to the chapter of Measurement configuration for details. Start
automatic zero calibration during 4-wire resistance measurement.
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Leads resistance eliminating method for two-wire resistance measurement:
1. Connect one end of test lead to multimeter, and short together with probe end.
2. Press the softkey of Relative ( ) to make zero, and every resistance measurement will
reduce current lead resistance measurement value.
3. Connect test probe end to test circuit, and measure resistance value.
2.1.7 Frequency/Period measurement

Basic information
 Frequency measurement band: 3Hz to 300 kHz.
 Period measurement band: 3.3us to 0.33s
 Measurement range: 100mV, 1V, 10V, 100V and 750V
 Input signal range: 100mVAC to 750VAC.
 Technology: equal precision.
Operation description:
1) Press to select frequency measurement function or period measurement function.
Description: During frequency or period measurement, auxiliary display refers to virtual value of
AC voltage of input signal.
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6) If necessary, press to configure the following measurement parameter, that is gate time,
and refer to the chapter of Measurement configuration for details.
2.1.8 Capacitance measurement

Basic information
 Measurement range: 1nF, 10nF, 100nF, 1uF, 10uF, 100uF, 1mF, 10mF and 100mF.
 Maximum resolution: 10pF.
1) Press to select capacitance measurement function.
2)
Description: Major displayed value refers to measurement capacitance value, and auxiliary
displayed value refers to the ratio between the measurement value and full measurement range.
Test leads capacitance eliminating method:
1. Plug out the probe end of positive lead out from test circuit, and keep it open.
2. Press Relative to make zero.
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3. Re-connect the probe end of positive lead to test circuit, and measure capacitance value.
2.1.9 Continuity measurement

Basic information
 Test power source: 1mA.
 Beeper threshold: 1Ω-1000Ω is available, and 10Ω as a default.
1) Press to select continuity measurement function.
Description: When the measured resistance value is larger than the beeper threshold, display
OPEN, and when the measured resistance value is smaller than the beeper threshold, display
resistance value.
2) Connect test lines as indicated in the chapter of “1.4 Measurement wiring”.
3) Press the softkey of Setup ( ) to set beeper threshold: when the measured resistance is
lower than beeper threshold, the beeper beeps, and the beeper threshold can be set as 1Ω-1000Ω,
with 10Ω being a default.
2.1.10 Diode measurement

Basic information
 Test current source: 1mA.
 Beeper threshold: 0.3V≦test voltage≦3V, non-adjustable.
1. Press to select diode measurement function.
Description: When voltage value is higher than measurement threshold, display OPEN,
otherwise display voltage value.
2. Connect test lines as indicated in the chapter of 1.4 Measurement wiring.
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2.2 Usage of Sensor

2.2.1 Thermal resistance sensor
Thermal resistance sensor refers to sensor converting temperature into resistance, and currently
scale dividing symbols of Pt100 and Pt1000 have been preset.
1. Press to select sensor measurement function
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Description: Major displayed value refers to temperature value, and auxiliary displayed value
refers to corresponding resistance value.
2. According to sensor type, connect test lines as indicated in the chapter of 1.4 Measurement
wiring, and RTD wiring method is the same as that of resistance measurement.
3. Select scale dividing symbols as is required, press the softkeys of Graduation mark + ( )
and Graduation mark - ( ) or keys of and .
4. Press the softkey of Relative ( ) to record the current value, after which display the
5. Press the softkey of Display ( ) to switch modes, and refer to the chapter of User
3. Characteristic and Function

3.1 Measurement Configuration
In this section, we will provide materials necessary to configure multimeter and execute
measurement. You may never need to change any of the hereby mentioned measurement
parameters; however we still provide them for you to refer to at any time.
3.1.1 AC signal filter

The multimeter has three different AC filters which can optimize low-frequency accuracy or
minimize AC stability time, and can select filters of low speed, mid speed or high speed
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according to the input signal frequency.

AC filter is limited to be used in AC voltage and AC current measurement.
Input Frequency Selected AC filter Reading Stability Time
3Hz to 300kHz Low-speed filter 7 seconds
20Hz to 300kHz Mid-speed filter (default value) 1 second
200Hz to 300kHz High-speed filter 0.10 second
 AC filter selection is stored in volatile memory, and after cutting off power or resetting
remote interface, multimeter will select mid-speed filter (20Hz).
 During front panel operation, ensure that the current measurement is ACV or ACI, after
pressing , press the softkey of Filter ( ), and select low-speed filter (3Hz),
mid-speed filter (20Hz) and high-speed filter (200Hz) through and , among which
mid-speed filter is default option.
3.1.2 Continuity threshold resistance

When measuring continuity measurement, and if measurement resistance is smaller than
threshold resistance, multimeter will send out a continuous individual tone. Threshold resistance
value can be set as any number from 1Ω to 1000Ω, which can only be adjusted on the front
panel.
 Threshold resistance is stored in volatile memory, and after cutting off power or resetting
remote interface, multimeter will reelect 10Ω.
 Threshold resistance is set as 10Ω when multimeter leaves factory.
 After starting continuity function, press the softkey of Setup ( ), and press up, down,
right and left keys and the ENTER key
 And can move the movable and flashing cursor to the position specified by you,
and and can edit value size of the current position, with meaning
increasing and decreasing.
3.1.3 DC input resistance

Generally, multimeter input resistances at all DC voltage shifts are all set as 10MΩ to lower
noise, and if you want to reduce the effect caused by measurement load error, set the input
resistance at 100mVdc, 1Vdc and 10Vdc shifts more than 10GΩ.
DC input resistance is restricted to be used only in DC voltage measurement.
Input Resistance Input Resistance
Measurement Ranges of Measurement ranges of 10V
100mV, 1V and 10V and 1000V
Fixed Resistance ON (default 10MΩ 10MΩ
value)
Fixed Resistance OFF >10GΩ 10MΩ
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 Input resistance setting is stored in volatile memory, and after cutting off power or resetting
remote interface, multimeter will reelect 10Ω (including all the DC voltage shifts).
 Front panel operation: After starting DC voltage measurement function, press , then
the softkey of Impedance ( ), and and to input resistance, and then press
key. Default value is 10MΩ.
3.1.4 Resolution
Resolution is expressed by digits which can be measured or displayed by multimeter, which can
be set as 4, 5 or 6 integrated digits, and add [1/2] single units represented by [0] or [1]. If it is
expected to increase measurement accuracy or control noise, please select 6 1/2 digits, while to
increase measurement speed, please select 4 1/2 digits.
Resolution setting is suitable for all the measurement functions. Resolution of math operation
(zero-digit value, limits, dB, dBm and limit test) is the same as that of measurement function.
Corresponding relation between resolution digit and integral time (within power period) is as
follows:
Resolution Integral Time
High speed 4 1/2 0.02 PLC
Low speed 4 1/2 0.1PLC
High speed 5 1/2 0.2PLC
Low speed 5 1/2 1PLC
High speed 6 1/2 2PLC
Mid speed 6 1/2 10PLC
Low speed 6 1/2 100PLC
 Resolution is stored in volatile memory, and after cutting off power or resetting remote
interface, multimeter will set resolutions of all the measurement functions as mid speed 6
1/2.
 During DC continuity and diode test, resolution is fixed as high speed 5 1/2.
 During DC and resistance measurement, change of resolution digit number does not only
change multimeter resolution, but also integral time, namely, during one certain
measurement, input signal period in sampling of simulation/digit converter (A/D Converter)
on multimeter. Meanwhile, please refer to the chapter of [Integral Time].
 During AC measurement, actually resolutions are all fixed as 6 1/2 digits.
 During ratio measurement, resolution refers to the resolution of receiving signals at input
terminal.
 During front panel operation, there are two methods to change resolution.
1. During measurement function, keys of and can change resolution.
2. After pressing , press the softkey of Integral ( ), select different integral times through
keys of and , and then press .
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3.1.5 Integral time

Integral time refers to the period to input signals in sampling of simulation/digit converter (A/D
Converter) on multimeter during measurement, which may influence measurement resolution (if
it is expected to gain better, it may be set longer integral time) and measurement speed (if it is
expected to gain faster measurement, it may be set shorter integral time).
Integral time setting is only suitable for all the measurement functions exclusive of AC voltage,
AC current, frequency and period. The integral time of math operation (zero digit, limits, dB
dBm and limit test) is the same as that of the used measurement functions.
 Integral time is expressed by power period number (NPLC), for which 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2,
10 and 100 power periods are available. Its default value is 10 power periods.
 Integral time is stored in volatile memory, and after cutting off power or resetting interface,
multimeter will select 10PLC as the integral time.
 Only the power periods in integer (1, 10 or 100PLC) provide normal mode (power
frequency noise) control.
 Front panel operation: 1. During selection of resolution digit, it may indirectly set integral
time. 2. After pressing , press the softkey of Integral ( ), select different integral
times through keys of and , and then press .
3.1.6 Switch between front/rear input terminals

All the measurement conducted by input terminal can also be conducted by input terminal on
rear terminal (except 1A and 10A current measurement). It only needs to press the front and rear
input terminal switch to switch between front and rear input terminals.
 After selecting the input terminal on rear panel, the Rear operation indicator will be on.
 After selecting the input terminal on front panel, the Front operation indicator will be on.
3.1.7 Auto zero calibration

When auto zero calibration is started (default method), inside of multimeter will make input
signal, measure circuit separate, take a zero-input reading, and minus the foregoing reading by
the zero-input reading after each measurement. Thus it can avoid bias voltage on input circuit of
multimeter which will influence accuracy.
Auto zero calibration function is only suitable for DC voltage, DC current and two-wire
resistance measurement, and when selecting four-wire resistance measurement or ratio
measurement, auto zero calibration function will start automatically.
 Auto zero calibration method is stored in volatile memory, and after cutting off power or
resetting remote interface, multimeter will automatically start auto zero calibration function.
 Front panel operation: Under measurement function, after pressing , then press the
softkey of Zero calibration ( ), select ON or OFF through and , and then press
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3.1.8 Select measurement range (measurement shift)

You may use auto measurement range function to make multimeter select measurement range by
itself, or use manual measurement range function to select fixed measurement range. Auto
measurement range function is quite convenient, for multimeter will automatically select
measurement range proper for every measurement. However, manual measurement range
function may accelerate measurement, for multimeter does not need to take time to determine
measurement range for every measurement.
 The selected shift-selecting method (auto or manual) is stored in volatile memory, and after
cutting off power or resetting remote interface, multimeter will go back to auto
measurement range method.
 Auto measurement range threshold value: low-end measurement range refers to
measurement range <10%; high-end measurement range refers to measurement
range >120%.
 If input signal is larger than currently measurable measurement range, multimeter will send
out overloading indication, over measurement range appearing on front panel.
 During frequency and period measurement, multimeter only uses one measurement range to
include all the input signals from 3Hz to 300 kHz.
 During continuity test, measurement range is fixed as 1KΩ, and during diode test,
measurement range is automatic (1Vdc or 10Vdc) and current source output is 1mA.
 During ratio measurement, the specified measurement is suitable for input terminal signal,
and when measuring sense terminal reference voltage, multimeter will automatically select
auto measurement range function.
 Front panel operation: Under measurement function: 1. It can enter manual measurement
range mode through and , referring to high measurement range and
referring to low measurement range. 2. It can also enter manual measurement mode by
pressing softkeys of Measurement range ( ) + and Measurement range - ( ) 3.
Press the softkey of Auto ( ) to select auto measurement range.
3.2 Math Operation

Math operation function means to conduct math operation to each reading or series of stored
reading data. The selected math function keeps valid until power is cut off.
Under measurement function, press the softkey of Display ( ) to display related math
measurement values under the current function, which is as shown in the following figure.
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统计数据
直方图
Description:
 Current value refers to measurement value under the current function
 Samples refer to sum of measurement values collected till now after confirming that one
certain measurement function collects the first number.
 Maximum value is the maximum value among all the existing sampling values.
 Minimum value is the minimum value among all the existing sampling values.
 Average value refers to the average value of all the existing sampling values.
 Standard deviation refers to the standard deviation of all the existing sampling values.
 dBm: dBm is a logarithm expression, which is gained according to the contrast between the
power imposed to reference resistance and 1mV. dBm = 10 x log10 (reading 2/reference
resistance/1mW).
 dB: dB measurement refers to the difference between input signal and existing relative
value (the two are both converted to dBm). dB=reading in dBm-relative value in dBm.
The following table shows possible combination between math operation function and
measurement function, wherein each ● represents one possible combination. If the selected
math operation can not be executed in the current measurement, the math operation function will
be automatically called off.
Voltage Current resistance
Two- Four- Frequency Period Continuity Diode Ratio Temperature

DC AC DC AC
wire wire
Relative ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Limit ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
dB ● ●
dBm ● ● ●
3.2.1 Relative (zero) operation

When starting relative operation, the reading displayed on screen is the difference between actual
measurement value and relative value.
Reading value=actual measurement value-relative value
One of the relative measurement applications is to counteract test lead resistance to gain more
accurate two-wire resistance measurement.
Relative operation is suitable in all the measurement functions exclusive of continuity, diode and
ratio measurements.
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Preset value can be adjusted and set as any value from 0 to 120% of the highest measurement
range in the current function, which is stored in volatile memory, and after cutting off power or
resetting remote interface or changing measurement function, the zero-digit value will be cleared
out.
There are two methods to configure preset value of relative operation.
1) In basic measurement interface, press the softkey of Relative ( ), and multimeter will
automatically set the current measurement result as the preset value.
2) On basic measurement interface, press (Relative) to enter “Relative value”
setting interface where edit relative value through direction keys, and unit is determined by the
current measurement function.
相对测量
开启标志
相对测量值
预设值
Press the softkey of Current value ( ) to set the Relative value as the current reading.
Press the softkey of Default ( ) to reset the Relative value to 0.
Press softkeys of On/Off ( / ) to start or stop relative operation, and after starting,
Relative indication can be seen on the right side of main interface.
After setting, press the softkey of Exit ( ) to go back to the former-layer interface.
3.2.2 dBm value measurement

dBm function is a logarithm expression, which is gained according to the contrast between the
power imposed to reference resistance and 1mV, and dBm measurement is only suitable for DC
voltage measurement and AC voltage measurement.
dBm = 10 x log10 (reading 2/reference resistance/1mW).
Reference resistance can be any value from 2Ω-8000Ω, which is set as 600Ω when leaving the
factory. Reference resistance value is stored in volatile memory, which will be cleared out after
cutting off power, resetting remote interface or changing measurement function.
Modify reference resistance value: Press to enter setting interface, and press
direction keys to input needed reference resistance value, after which press .
3.2.3 dB value measurement.

Each dB measurement value refers to the difference between input signal and the stored relative
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value which have been converted to dBm values. dB value measurement is only suitable for DC
voltage measurement and AC voltage measurement.
dB value = dBm value of readings-dBm value of relative values.
Relative value can be adjusted and set as any value from -120dBm to 120dBm, which is stored in
volatile memory and will be cleared out after cutting off power, resetting remote interface or
changing measurement function.
Modify reference resistance value: Press to enter setting interface, and edit relative
value through direction keys.
Press the softkey of Current value ( ) to set the Preset value as the current reading.
Press the softkey of Default ( ) to reset the Relative value to 0.
3.2.4 Limit test

Limit test function can be used to test whether it exceeds/does not exceed the specified upper or
lower limit, indicate signals passing or failing test (screen display ＋ beeping), and can output
negative pulse through RS232 serial port on instrument rear panel. If the measured reading is
within the specified limited range, multimeter will output a negative pulse on the pin 1; while it
exceeds the upper or lower limit, multimeter will output a negative pulse on the pin 9.
① Passing output Negative pulse
⑤ Common terminal
⑨ Not passing output
 Upper and lower limit can be set as any value from 0 to 120% of the highest measurement
range in the current function.
 The upper and lower limit values are stored in temporary memory, and after multimeter cuts
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off power, the upper limit value will be set as 1 and lower limit value as 0.
In configuration limit test, press (Limit) to enter setting interface, and edit values
through direction keys.
极限测试状态：
1、通过
2、过高
3、过低
设定值
Press the softkey of Upper limit ( ) to set upper limit value.
Press the softkey of Lower limit ( ) to set lower limit value.

Press softkye of On/Off ( / ) to start or stop limit operation. After starting, limit test status
indication can be seen in the right side of main interface, with Pass meaning that the measured
value does not exceed the specified upper or lower limit, with Excessively higher meaning
exceed the specified upper limit and Excessively lower meaning exceed the specified lower limit.
When status switches from Pass to Excessively higher or Excessively lower, the beeper will
beep one time.
3.3 Trigger
VICTOR 8165A and VICTOR 8165 provide many trigger methods, including auto, single and
external. Multimeter can read one reading or readings in specified number (up to 50,000) every
time it receives a trigger signal, and can set the delay time between trigger and readings.
In measurement interface, press to enter the trigger configuration interface indicated in
the following figure.
Press the softkey of Trigger source ( ) to set auto, single or external trigger.
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Press the softkey of Remain ( ) to set sensitivity range of reading holding function.
Press the softkey of Setup ( ) to set related trigger parameters, such as samples and trigger
delay.
Press the softkey of Output ( ) to start or stop trigger output.
3.3.1 Selection of trigger source

You have to specify the trigger source of the trigger signal which will be received by multimeter.
Multimeter can receive single trigger through front panel and hardware trigger at Ext Trig end or
continuously take readings through auto trigger, and adopt auto trigger when the power is
connected. * (Sampling) Indicator will be lighted on in every measurement. The trigger source is
stored in volatile memory, and will be set as auto trigger (front panel) after cutting off power or
resetting remote interface.
Auto trigger:
When the trigger source is set as auto trigger, the Operation indicator in status column lights on,
and multimeter will gain continuous readings in the fastest speed allowable in the current
configuration. At this time if press down , it will start reading holding function, and can
capture and keep a stable reading on screen.
Single trigger:
When the trigger source is set as auto trigger, the Single indicator in status column will light on,
and multimeter will capture one reading or readings in specified number every time the key of
is pressed down.
External trigger:
When the trigger source is set as auto trigger, the External indicator in status column will light
on, and multimeter will receive the hardware trigger at the Ext Trig end on rear panel.
Every time there is negative pulse at Ext Trig end, multimeter will gain one reading or readings
in specified number (sampling counting).
Hint: In remote mode, multimeter can switch to local mode after pressing .
3.3.2 Reading holding

It can capture and hold stable readings on the front panel display by using reading holding mode
which is quite useful when you move away probe after collecting one reading and want to hold
the reading on the screen.
Reading holding is only suitable for front panel operation, which will be neglected by multimeter
in remote operation.
There is an adjustable sensitivity range in reading holding function, which is used to determine
whether the reading is sufficiently stable and can be displayed, and is expressed by percentage
ratio of the current reading. Only if three continuous readings are all within selected sensitivity
range, can multimeter capture and display new readings.
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The sensitivity range is one of the following values, including 0.01% and 0.1% (default value),
1.00% or 10.00% of the reading. For example, if you select 1.00% range, input signal of
multimeter is 5.000V, and only if three continuous readings are all from 4.975 to 5.025, can
multimeter capture and display new readings.
What calls for special attention is that if the new reading is within the sensitivity range of the
current displayed value, multimeter will not update displayed value even though it is determined
as stable reading. For example, the current displayed value is 5.000V, and the next continuous
three measurements are all 5.498V, the screen still displays 5.000V.
In measurement status, press to start holding function, Holding indicator in status column
lights on, and press to stop holding function.
If it is expected to modify sensitivity range, press (Remain) to enter setting

interface to select needed sensitivity.
3.3.3 Trigger parameter setting
Press (Setup) to enter trigger parameter setting interface to set samples and
trigger delay.
Samples:
Every time multimeter receives trigger signal, it will read readings in specified number.
The selected samples are stored in volatile memory, and multimeter will set the samples as 1
after cutting off power or resetting remote interface.
Press the softkey of Number ( ) to set samples, wherein setting range is from 1 to 50000 and
default value is 1.
Delay:
You can add delay time to trigger signal and each sample behind it, which is quite useful to settle
down input signal or adjust interval between a series of readings and other applications before
you want to capture readings.
 Trigger delay time is stored in volatile memory, and multimeter will select auto trigger
delay after cutting off power or resetting remote interface. Default value is 0.
 If you select non-auto setting status, the delay time will be suitable for all the measurement
functions and measurement ranges.
 If multimeter is configured to capture more than one readings in every trigger, the trigger
delay time specified by you will be inserted between trigger signal and each reading.
Press the softkey of Delay ( ) to enter delay configuration setting interface, and modify
values and unit through direction keys. Setting range is from 1 to 3600s, and default value is 0.
3.3.4 Trigger output
Press (Output) to enter configuration interface of trigger output function, and you
can select to start or stop.
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When opening, VM Comp (Voltmeter Complete Terminal) on rear panel will provide a negative
pulse every time each measurement is completed. Voltmeter completer signal and external trigger
signal can realize standard hardware exchange (Hand Shake) sequence between measurement
device and switch device.
3.4 Data Record

Data record function of VICTOR 8165A and 8165 provides a front-panel user interface to make
it possible for you to check history data without connecting to a computer.
When switching functions or power failing, data record will be cleared out, and if necessary,
please save the record into USB drive.
When the USB interface on front panel is connected to USB drive, it can save history data to the
measRecords folder under USB drive’s root directory, with the measurement data being csv file
which is named by current function name plus serial number, such as DCV-1.csv.
Press (History) to enter history data interface, and scan data through direction keys,
which is as shown in the following:
Press the softkey of Update ( ) to refresh historic data.

Press the softkey of Store in U disk ( ) to save the data into USB drive as csv file, when it
is necessary to set file name.
The file is named by current function name plus serial number, wherein function name is
automatically set by system and you just need to set serial number through direction keys, and
then press .
3.5 Relevant System Operations

3.5.1 System setting
35
Press to set system.
Press the softkey of Time ( ) to set system time.

Press the softkey of to switch display languages on interface.
Press the softkey of Screen ( ) to set screen brightness.
Press the softkey of Buzzer ( ) to start or stop beeper output.
Press the softkey of Recover ( ) to restore to factory setting.
3.5.2 Command set

VICTOR 8165A and 8165 are compatible with command sets of Agilent 34401A, Agilent
34410A and Fluke45.
Press the key of (Command set) to select all the command sets.
3.5.3 Topic
Press (Topic) to modify system interface style.
3.5.4 Self-test
VICTOR 8165A and 8165 can conduct self-test to hardware system, and output the test result on
the screen.
Press (Self-test---Start) for self-test.
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3.5.5 Calibration
Only qualified professionals can conduct multimeter calibration, and incorrect usage of
calibration function may cause to incorrect multimeter measurement.
Refer to VICTOR 8165A and 8165 Calibration Manual for specific calibration details.
3.5.6 System information inquiry and system updating

VICTOR 8165A and 8165 support users to update software systems, and in case of users finding
system BUG or needing to add functions, contact after-sales service, and we will serve for
system updating.
Press the key of (system information) to inquire current system information,
such as serial number and software version number.

Before system updating, it is necessary to make following preparations: contact after-sales
service to gain a needed software update package, prepare a USB drive, establish updatefile
folder under the root directory, copy the software update package to this folder, and plug the
USB driver into the USB interface on multimeter front panel.
Press the key of (System update) after all the preparations to update the system.
4. Conduct Remote Control

You can conduct remote control to this instrument which supports GPIB, RS232, USB and LAN
interfaces. This chapter introduces how to conduct corresponding configuration. Refer to
VICTOR 8165A Digit Multimeter Programming Manual for remote interface commands.
To configure interface, press (Interface) to enter interface setting page.
Press the softkey of to inquire current LAN information, and re-press to configure
LAN parameters.
Press the softkey of to inquire USB information, and there are no configurable options for
USB.
Press the softkey of to inquire current serial port information, and re-press to
configure serial port parameters including Baud rate and check digit.
Press the softkey of to configure GIPB interface address.
4.1 GPIB Interface Configuration (Only Supported By
VICTOR 8165A)
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Equipment on GPIB (IEEE-488) interface has to be equipped with an exclusive address. You
can set the multimeter address as any integral value from 0 to 30, with the factory-leaving
address being 22.
Computer GPIB interface card has its own address, and make sure that all the instruments on
interface bus do not use this address.
GPIB address is stored in non-volatile memory, and can not be changed after power-off, factory
reset (*RST) or instrument presetting (SYSTem: PRESet).
4.2 RS232 Interface Configuration

RS232 communication needs to be configured with Baud rate and check digit.
In RS232 setting interface,
Press the softkey of Baud rate ( ) to set the Baud rate as 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14,400,
19,200, 38,400, 56,000, 57,600, 115,200, 128,000 and 256,000, with 115,200 as default. The
current selection is stored in non-volatile memory.
Press the softkey of check digit ( ) to set the check digit as non-check, odd parity check or
even parity check, with non-check as default.
Baud rate and check digit are stored in non-volatile memory, and can not be changed after
power-off, factory reset (*RST) or instrument presetting (SYSTem: PRESet).
4.3 USB Interface Configuration

USB interface does not need configuration parameters to set multimeter, and connect multimeter
to computer USB terminal. Pay attention to that computer might need several seconds to identify
and establish connection with multimeter.
4.4 LAN Interface Configuration

When using LAN interface communication, it is necessary to correctly configure IP address,
subnet mask and gateway, after which it can communicate normally.
IP address: All the IP and TCP/IP communications of instrument all need internet protocol (IP)
address. The equipment IP address needs to be manually set.
Factory default IP address configuration is: 192.168.1.230.
Subnet mask: multimeter determines whether a customer’s IP address is on the same local
subnet through subnet mask, and if the customer’s IP address is on other subnets, it is necessary
to send all the software packages to the default gateway.
Factory default subnet mask configuration is: 255.255.255.0.
Default gateway: default gateway address allows multimeter to communicate with systems on
non-local subnets. Therefore, when the software package is sent to equipment which is on
non-local subnet, use this default gateway confirmed by subnet mask setting.
Factory default subnet mask configuration is: 192.168.1.1.
LAN interface configuration parameters are stored in non-volatile memory, and can not be
changed after power-off, factory reset or instrument presetting (SYSTem: PRESet).
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5. Measurement Guide
5.1 DC Measurement Considerations
5.1.1 Thermoelectromotive force error

Thermal voltage is the most common error source in low-level DC voltage measurement, which
will be caused when you use heterogeneous metals to connect circuit under different
temperatures. And each joint between each metal will produce a thermocouple and a voltage
proportionable to the joint temperature. You have to take necessary precaution measures to
reduce thermocouple voltage and temperature change during low-level voltage measurement.
And the best connecting method is copper-copper crimping, for the multimeter input terminal is
made from red copper. The following table lists common thermal voltage during heterogeneous
metal connection.
Copper With mV / ℃ Copper With mV / ℃

(approximate value) (approximate value)
Welding of cadmium 0.2 Aluminum 5
and stannum
Copper <0.3 Welding of stannum 5
and plumbum
Gold 0.5 Kovaralloy or alloy 40
Silver 0.5 Silicon 500
Brass 3 Copper oxide 1000
Beryllium copper 5
5.1.2 DCV load error

If resistance of the equipment under test approximates multimeter internal resistance, it will
cause measurement load error which is listed in the following figure.
Vs=Ideal voltage under test

Rs=Resistance of voltage source under test
Ri=Multimeter input resistance (10MΩ or >10GΩ)
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Error (%) =
In order to reduce load error influence and the pickup noise to the minimum extent, it is needed
to set the multimeter input resistance >10GΩ during the measurement of 100mV, 1V and 10V
measurement range. For 100V and 1000V measurement ranges, input resistance is fixed as
10MΩ.
5.1.3 DCI load error

During DC current measurement, since multimeter is not ideal and it has certain amount of input
resistance, electric measurement during the situation where multimeter and test circuit are
connected in series will cause error. As shown in the following figure, equate the multimeter to
an ideal voltmeter, and connect with resistance R in paralleled way.
Vs=Voltage source
Rs=Circuit resistance
R=Multimeter bypass resistance
When circuit internal resistance approximates with multimeter internal resistance, it will
seriously influence measurement accuracy, then you should select multimeter’s next higher
measurement range to reduce the error to an acceptable level. The following table lists
multimeter internal resistances under different measurement ranges
Measurement Range Internal Resistance Measurement Range Internal Resistance
10uA 11kΩ 100mA 1Ω
100uA 1kΩ 1A 0.01Ω
1mA 100Ω 10A 0.01Ω
10mA 10Ω
5.1.4 Noise control

Voltage controlling power-line noise
One of the advantages of integral (A/D) converter is that it can control relevant power-line noise
existing in DC input signals, which is called norm noise control or NMR. Multimeter realizes
norm noise control through conducting integral to DC input in a fixed time period. If the integral
time is set as integer multiple of power-line period (PLC), these errors (and their harmonics)
approximate to zero after being averaged.
Multimeter provides four integral options (1, 2, 10 and 100 PLC) to realize norm noise control.
Multimeter firstly measures power frequency (50Hz or 60Hz), and then determines
corresponding integral time.
Common-mode control
In ideal situation, multimeter is totally separated from circuit benchmarked against ground.
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However, there is certain amount of resistance between multimeter LO input terminal and
grounding terminal, as shown in the following figure, which will cause error to measure the
floated low voltage relative to the grounding terminal.
Vf=Floating ground voltage

Rs=Internal resistance of voltage source under test
Ri=Multimeter isolation resistance (LO terminal against the ground)
Ci=Multimeter input capacitance (LO terminal against the ground)
Noise caused by magnetic loop

If conduct measurement near magnetic field, please pay attention to take measures to avoid
causing sense voltage during measurement wiring, and especially beware when working near
conductor conveying high current. Use twisted-pair in connecting to reduce noise-pickup loop
area, or make all the test leads close to each other as much as possible. Test lead looseness or
vibration may cause induction error voltage. Fasten test leads when operating near magnetic field,
and if possible, try to use magnetic shielding material or keep away from magnetic field source.
Noise caused by grounding loop
If multimeter and equipment under test are connected to the same common ground, measurement
of voltage of the circuit will cause Ground loop. As shown in the following, any voltage
differences (Vground) between two grounding reference points will cause current going through
measurement leads, thus causing noise and offset voltage (generally is associated with
power-line), which are added to voltage under test.
Rl=Lead resistance
Ri=Multimeter ground-isolation resistance’
Vground=Voltage drop on ground bus
The best way to eliminate ground loop is not to conduct grounding to input terminal, and use
multimeter to conduct ground-isolation. If multimeter has to take ground as baseline, connect it
and equipment under test to the same common ground, and if possible, connect them to the same
power outlet.
41
5.1.5 Resistance measurement considerations

Multimeter provides two resistance measurement methods, that is, 2-wire and 4-wire resistance,
where test current goes out from input HI terminal, and goes through resistor under test. In the
2-wire resistance measurement method, the voltage drop on resistor under test is internally
sensed to multimeter, therefore, the measurement includes test lead resistance at the same time.
In the 4-wire resistance measurement method, adopt independent Sense connection, and since
the current does not go through sense lead, resistance in these leads will not cause measurement
error.
The DC voltage measurement error mentioned in former part of this chapter is also suitable for
resistance measurement, and error source peculiar to other resistance measurements will be
discussed in latter part.
4-wire resistance measurement
4-wire resistance method is the most accurate method to measure low resistance, which can
automatically eliminate resistance of test lead and contact resistance and is generally used for
automation test under the situation where there are resistance, long-cable or plentiful connections
or switches between multimeter and equipment under test. The connecting figure is as shown in
the following.
Eliminate test lead resistance errors in 2-wire resistance measurement

Operate step by step to eliminate offset error existing in 2-wire resistance measurement and
related to test lead resistance.
1. Short the two terminals of test leads together and multimeter displays test lead resistance.
2. Start Relative measurement function, and multimeter saves the test lead resistance as the
zero-value of 2-wire resistance and subtracts the value from future measurement result.
Minimize power consumption influence
When measure resistor is used in temperature measurement (or resistance equipment with large
temperature parameters), you are required to pay attention to that multimeter will consume
certain amount of power of the equipment under test. If the power consumption has much
influence on measurement, you should select multimeter’s next higher measurement range to
reduce the error to an acceptable level.
5.2 AC Measurement Considerations
5.2.1 True virtual value AC measurement
42
The product adopts true virtual value to send measurement AC signals to measure potential
calorific value in voltage. The average heating power consumed by resistor is in direct
proportion to the square number of the voltage imposed to resistance, which has no relation with
signal waveform. The multimeter can accurately measure true virtual value voltage or current
provided that the energy contained in waveform on instrument’s effective bandwidth is
negligible. The effective AC voltage bandwidth of the product is 300 kHz, and effective AC
current bandwidth is 5 kHz.
波形波峰因数（C.F.） AC 有效值 AC+DC 有效值

Waveform Crest factor AC virtual value AC +DC virtual value
Multimeter AC voltage and AC current functions measure the true virtual value of AC coupling,
and the product only measures the calorific value of AC parts of input waveform (DC is
controlled). As shown in the above figure, for sine wave, triangle wave and square wave, AC
coupling equates to the value of AC+DC, for these waveforms do not include DC offset.
However, for asymmetric waveforms (such as pulse sequence), Agilent AC coupling true virtual
value measurement will control the existing DC voltage, which benefits a lot. When there is low
AC signal of high DC offset during measurement, AC coupling true virtual value measurement is
quite useful. For example, it is a common situation of measuring AC ripple wave existing in DC
power. However, you might need to understand true virtual value of AC+DC, which you can
confirm by combining DC and AC measurement results, as shown in the following:
For the best AC noise control, you should use integral time of at least 10 power-line periods
(PLC) to conduct DC measurement.
5.2.2 Crest factor error (non-sine wave input)

Generally there exists the following misunderstanding, “Since multimeter can measure signal
true virtual value, its sine wave accuracy indicator is absolutely suitable for input signals in other
waveforms”. Actually, the waveform of input signals will influence measurement accuracy.
Generally, signal waveform is described by crest factor which is the ratio between waveform
crest and its virtual value, and the larger the crest factor is, the more energy the high-frequency
harmonic contains. All the multimeters have errors related to crest factor, and crest factor error of
the product is listed in the indicators of AC Characteristic in Chapter 6.
Measurement error caused by signal crest factor can be evaluated as follows:
Error sum=error (sine wave) +error (crest factor) +error (bandwidth)
Error (sine wave): Sine wave error (as indicated in Chapter 6)
Error (crest factor): Crest factor plus error (as indicated in Chapter 6).
43
Error (bandwidth): Bandwidth error can be evaluated according to the following formula.
Bandwidth error= (% of the reading)

C.F. refers to signal crest factor
F refers to fundamental frequency for pulse
BW refers to -3db bandwidth of multimeter, and VICTOR 8165A and 8165 are 1MHz
Example:
In calculation of approximate measurement error input in pulse sequence, the crest factor is 3,
and fundamental frequency is 20 kHz.
Assume that multimeter’s ninety-day accuracy is ± (0.05% of the reading) + (0.03% of the
measurement range).
Error sum= (0.05% of the reading + 0.03% of the measurement range) + (15% of the reading) +
(1.4% of the reading) =1.6% of the reading +0.03% of the measurement range
5.2.3 ACV load error

When using AC voltage measurement function, multimeter input impedance is 1MΩ, with
resistance being connected to 100pF capacitance in paralleled way, and multimeter test leads also
will introduce some capacitance and load. During low-frequency input, it equates to 1MΩ
resistance, and during high-frequency input, it equates to 100pF capacitance. The following table
displays approximate values of multimeter input impedances under different frequencies
Input Frequency Input Impedance
100Hz 1MΩ
1kHz 850kΩ
10kHz 160kΩ
100kHz 16kΩ
6. Indicators
Input protection: 1000V, all-in-one;
Over measurement range measuring ability: 20%
Function switching rate: ≥25sps (note);
Measurement range exchanging rate: ≥50sps (note);
Automatic-shift time: ≤30ms (note);
Maximum internal trigger rate: ≥2000sps (note);
Maximum external trigger rate to the memory: ≥2000sps (note);
44
Note: Test condition is under the condition of 4 1/2 digits, AZ off, display off; these rates are
not lower than measurement rate under other conditions.
Function Digit Setting Integral time Measurement/sec
ond [1]
DC voltage 6 1/2 100PLC 2s 0.5
DC current 6 1/2 10PLC 200ms 5
Resistance 6 1/2 2PLC 40ms 25
5 1/2 1PLC 20ms 50
5 1/2 0.2PLC 4ms 250
4 1/2 0.1 2ms 500
4 1/2 0.02 0.4ms 2500
AC voltage 6 1/2 3Hz 0.14
AC current 6 1/2 20Hz 1
6 1/2 200Hz 1.6
6 1/2 200Hz 6
Frequency and 6 1/2 1s 1
period 5 1/2 100ms 9.8
4 1/2 10ms 80
[1] The typical measurement rate during AZ off, AZ integral time should not be more than signal
integral time.
Uncertainty indicator refers to the technical indicator 1 hour after pre-heating and in using Auto
Zero function, and the 24-hour indicator is relative to calibration standard, and test standard
complies with GB/T 13978-2008 Digit Multimeter.
6.1 DC Characteristics
6.1.1 Basic characteristics

DC voltage:
Maximum input: ≥1000V, all the measurement ranges;
Common mode control: ≥140dB, 50 or 60Hz±0.1% (1kΩ imbalance);
Series-mode control: ≥60dB, when PLC is 1 or more and power frequency is ±0.1%;
≥0dB, when PLC is <1;
Input resistance: 100mv, 1V and 10V measurement ranges: 10MΩ or >10GΩ are
available
100V and 1000V measurement ranges: 10MΩ±1%
Measurement method: Multi-slope mode converter;
A/D linearity: 2ppm measurement value+1ppm measurement range;
Input offset current: when it is <30pA and 25℃.
DC current:
Input protection: built-in fuses+ external replaceable fuses
Resistance：
The listed indicator is four-wire or two-wire resistance measurement function adopting
zero setting function. If it does not adopt zero setting function, it is allowed to increase
45
error during two-wire resistance measurement (0.2Ω+test lead resistance)

Measurement method: Standard constant flow source conversion, with current source
relative to LO input.
Maximum wire resistance (four-wire): for 100Ω and 1kΩ measurement ranges are 10%
of measurement ranges; other measurement ranges are all 1kΩ/wire.
Current source accuracy: 3%.
On-off test:
On-off threshold: 1Ω-1000Ω, which can be set by users.
Test current: 1mA±3%.
Response time: 300 samples/second.
Display resolution: 0.1Ω.
Diode test:
Test current: 1mA±3%.
Beeping indication threshold: 0.3V≦test voltage≦3V.
Response time: 300 samples/second.
Display resolution: 10ppm.
Ratio measurement:
Measurement method: Input terminal HO-LO/Reference terminal HO-LO
Input voltage: 100mV-100V, automatic shift;
Reference voltage: 100mV-10V, automatic shift.
46
6.2 Uncertainty Indicators

Accuracy is expressed by ±(ppm measurement value + ppm measurement range) [1]
Function Measurement Resolution Test current, load 24-hour [3] 90 1 year Temperature
range [2] [5] voltage, etc. (23±1℃) days(23±5 (23±5℃) coefficient
℃) 0°-18°/28-55°
DC voltage 100 mV 100 nV 10MΩ or>10 GΩ 30+30 40+35 50+35 5+5
1V 1 uV 10MΩ or>10 GΩ 20+6 30+7 40+7 5+1
10 V 10 uV 10MΩ or>10 GΩ 15+4 20+5 35+5 5+1
100 V 100 uV 10 MΩ ± 1% 20+6 35+6 40+6 5+1
1000 V 1 mV 10 MΩ ± 1% 20+6 35+6 40+6 5+1
DC current 10uA 10pA < 140mV 100+200 400+250 500+250 20+30
100uA 100pA < 140mV 100+200 400+250 500+250 20+30
1mA 1nA < 160mV 70+60 300+60 500+60 20+5
10mA 10nA < 160mV 70+200 300+200 500+200 20+20
100mA 100nA < 400mV 100+40 300+50 500+50 20+5
1A 1uA < 60mV 500+60 800+100 500+200 50+10
10A 10uA < 600mV 1000+200 1200+200 1500+200 50+20
Resistance[4] 10Ω 10uΩ 10mA 30+30 80+40 100+40 6+5
100Ω 100uΩ 1mA 30+30 80+40 100+40 6+5
1kΩ 1mΩ 1mA 20+5 70+10 100+10 6+1
10kΩ 10mΩ 100uA 20+5 70+10 100+10 6+1
100kΩ 100mΩ 50uA 20+5 70+10 100+10 6+1
1MΩ 1Ω 5uA 20+10 100+10 120+10 10+2
10MΩ 10Ω 0.5uA 100+10 300+10 400+20 30+4
100MΩ 100Ω 0.5uA||10MΩ 2000+100 6000+100 8000+100 1000+10
Diode 1V 10uV 1mA 20+100 80+200 100+200 10+20
10V 100uV 1mA 20+100 80+200 100+200 10+20
On-off test 1kΩ 0.1Ω 1mA 20+100 80 + 200 100 + 200 10 + 20
Ratio 100mV-1000V Input terminal indicator + reference terminal indicator

measurement
DCV:DCV
[1] Pre-heat for 60 minutes, and integral time is set as 100PLC.
[2] Except for DCV 1000V shift and DCI 10A shift, other measurement ranges can have 20% of
over measurement range measurement.
[3] Relative to calibration standard.
[4] This indicator is suitable for 4-wire resistance measurement or 2-wire resistance
measurement under relative mode.
[5] This indicator is suitable when the digit is displayed as 6 1/2.
47
6.2.1 Additional error

Integral time Digit Additional error
Power period number DC voltage (% of DC current (% of Resistance (% of
NPLC measurement range) measurement range) measurement range)
100 PLC 6½ 0 0 0
10 PLC 6½ 0 0 0
2 PLC 6½ 0 0 0
1 PLC 5½ 0.001 0.001 0.001
0.2 PLC 5½ 0.001 + 20uV 0.001 + 4uA 0.001 + 20mΩ
0.1PLC 4½ 0.002 + 20uV 0.002 + 4uA 0.002 + 20 mΩ
0.02PLC 4½ 0.010 + 20uV 0.010 + 4uA 0.010 + 20 mΩ
6.3 AC Characteristics
6.3.1 Basic characteristics

AC voltage:
AC voltage technical indicator refers to the technical indicator under AC sine signal with >5%
measurement range, and for the 1%-5% measurement ranges and <50 kHz signals, the allowable
increased error is 0.1% of the measurement range, and for frequency of 50kHz-100kHz, the
allowable increased error is 0.13% of the measurement range.
Maximum input: 750Vrms.
Input impedance: 1 MΩ ±1%, shunt capacitance <100pF
Measurement method: AC coupling, virtual value response.
Maximum DC offset: not lower than 1000V.
AC filter bandwidth:
Slow: 3Hz-300 kHz;
Mid: 20Hz-300kHz;
Fast: 200Hz-300kHz;
Common mode control: 70 dB，50Hz（or 60 Hz）±0.1% (1 kΩ imbalance).
Maximum crest factor (CF): 5:1, in case of full measurement range.
Additional crest factor error (<100 Hz): CF 1-2，0.05 %；
CF 2-3，0.2 %；
CF 3-4，0.4 %；
CF 4-5，0.5 %.
7
Voltage frequency product: 8×10 HzV, all the measurement ranges.
Sine wave transfer accuracy: 10Hz-50kHz：20ppmFS；
50kHz-300kHz：50ppmFS.
AC current:
The following AC current technical indicator refers to the technical indicator of sine wave whose
amplitude is larger than 5% of measurement range, and for input of 1%-5% of measurement
range, the allowable increased additional error is 0.1% of the measurement range.
Input protection: Built-in fuses + external replaceable fuses;
Measurement method: AC coupling, virtual value response;
48
DC coupling to fuses and shunt (no blocking capacitor);

AC filter bandwidth:
Slow: 3Hz-10 kHz;
Mid: 20Hz-10kHz;
Fast: 200Hz-10kHz;
Maximum crest factor (CF): 5:1, in case of full scale;
Additional CF error (<100 Hz)：CF 1-2，0.05% of the full scale;
CF 2～3，0.2% of the full scale;
CF 3～4，0.4% of the full scale；
CF 4～5，0.5% of the full scale.
6.3.2 Uncertainty indicators

Accuracy is expressed by ±(% measurement value + % measurement range) [1]
Function Measuremen Resolution Frequency 24-hour [5] 90 1 year Temperature

t range [2] (23±1℃) days(23±5℃) (23±5℃) coefficient
0°-18°/28-55
DC 3Hz~5Hz 1.00+0.03 1.00+0.04 1.00+0.04 0.100 + 0.004

voltage 5Hz~10Hz 0.35+0.03 0.35+0.04 0.35+0.03 0.035+ 0.004
10Hz~20kHz 0.04+0.03 0.05+0.04 0.06+0.04 0.005+ 0.004
100 mV 100 nV
20kHz ~50kHz 0.10+0.05 0.11+0.05 0.12+0.05 0.011+ 0.005
50kHz~100kHz 0.55+0.08 0.60+0.08 0.60+0.08 0.060+ 0.008
100k~300kHz[3] 4.00+0.50 4.00+0.50 4.00+0.50 0.20 + 0.02
3Hz~5Hz 1.00+0.02 1.00+0.03 1.00+0.03 0.100 + 0.003
1V 1uV 5Hz~10Hz 0.35+0.02 0.35+0.03 0.35+0.03 0.035+ 0.003
10V 10uV 10Hz~20kHz 0.04+0.02 0.05+0.03 0.06+0.03 0.005+ 0.003
100V 100uV 20kHz ~50kHz 0.10+0.04 0.11+0.05 0.12+0.05 0.011+ 0.005
750 V 1mV 50k~100kHz[4] 0.55+0.08 0.60+0.08 0.60+0.08 0.060+ 0.008
100k~300kHz[3] 4.00+0.50 4.00+0.50 4.00+0.50 0.20 + 0.02
AC 3Hz～5 Hz 1.0 + 0.04 1.0 + 0.04 1.0 + 0.04 0.100 + 0.006
current 5Hz～10 Hz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.035 + 0.006
100 µA 100 pA
10Hz～5 kHz 0.1 + 0.04 0.1 + 0.04 0.1+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
5kHz～10 kHz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
3Hz～5 Hz 0.1 + 0.04 0.1 + 0.04 0.1+ 0.04 0.100 + 0.006
5Hz～10 Hz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.035 + 0.006
1 mA 1 nA
10Hz～5 kHz 0.1 + 0.04 0.1 + 0.04 0.1+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
5kHz～10 kHz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
3Hz～5 Hz 1.1 + 0.06 1.1 + 0.06 1.1 + 0.06 0.200 + 0.006
5Hz～10 Hz 0.35 + 0.06 0.35 + 0.06 0.35 + 0.06 0.100 + 0.006
10 mA 10 nA
10Hz～5 kHz 0.15 + 0.06 0.15 + 0.06 0.15 + 0.06 0.015 + 0.006
5kHz～10 kHz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
3Hz～5 Hz 1.0 + 0.04 1.0 + 0.04 1.0 + 0.04 0.100 + 0.006
5Hz～10 Hz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.035 + 0.006
100 mA 100 nA
10Hz～5 kHz 0.1 + 0.04 0.1 + 0.04 0.1 + 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
5kHz～10 kHz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
3Hz～5 Hz 1.0 + 0.04 1.0 + 0.04 1.0 + 0.04 0.100 + 0.006
5Hz～10 Hz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.035 + 0.006
1A 1 μA
10Hz～5 kHz 0.1 + 0.04 0.1 + 0.04 0.1 + 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
5kHz～10 kHz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
3Hz～5 Hz 1.1 + 0.06 1.1 + 0.06 1.1 + 0.06 0.100 + 0.006
5Hz～10 Hz 0.35 + 0.06 0.35 + 0.06 0.35 + 0.06 0.350 + 0.006
10A 10 µA
10Hz～5 kHz 0.15 + 0.06 0.15 + 0.06 0.15 + 0.06 0.015 + 0.006
5kHz～10 kHz 0.3 + 0.04 0.3 + 0.04 0.3+ 0.04 0.015 + 0.006
49
[1] Pre-heat for 60 minutes, slow AC filter and sine signal input.
[2] Except for ACV 750V, ACI 12A measurement ranges, other measurement ranges can have
20% of over measurement range measurement.
[3] Typical error under 1MHz is 30% of the reading.
[4] AC 750V measurement range is restricted to 100KHz or 8 ×107 voltage frequency product.
[5] Relative to standard calibration.
6.3.3 Additional error

Additional low-frequency error (% of the reading) Additional crest factor error (non-sine wave)
Frequency AC filter Crest coefficient Error (% of the reading)
Slow Mid Fast 1-2 0.05
10Hz-20Hz 0 0.74 \ 2—3 0.15
20Hz-40Hz 0 0.22 \ 3—4 0.30
40Hz-100Hz 0 0.06 0.73 4—5 0.40
100Hz-200Hz 0 0.01 0.22
200Hz-1kHz 0 0 0.18
>1kHz 0 0 0
6.4 Frequency and Period Characteristics

Gate time can be set as 1s, 100ms and 10ms or a wider range.
Stability refers that after DC offset voltage changes, the time to reach stable and accurate
measurement result is not longer than 1 second.
Measurement method is that equal precision frequency testing technology and AC coupling input
use AC voltage measurement function.
6.4.1 Uncertainty indicators

Accuracy is expressed by ±(ppm measurement value) [1]
Function Measurement Frequency 24-hour [3] 90 1 year Temperature
range [2] (23±1℃) days(23±5℃) (23±5℃) coefficient
0°-18°/28-55°
Frequency 100 mV-750V[4] 3-5 Hz 500 500 500 20
period 5-10 Hz 300 300 300 20
10-40 Hz 200 200 200 10
40Hz-300kHz 50 100 100 10
[1] Pre-heat for 60 minutes, and use 1 second of gate time.

[2] Except for 750V measurement ranges, other measurement ranges can have 20% of over
measurement range measurement.
[3] Relative to standard calibration.
[4] Input >100mV. For 10mV-100mV, multiply percentage measurement error by 10.
50
6.4.2 Low-frequency additional error

Frequency Gate time (resolution)
1 second (6 1/2) 0.1 second (6 1/2) 0.01 second (6 1/2)
3Hz-5Hz 0 0.12 0.12
5Hz-10Hz 0 0.17 0.17
10Hz-40Hz 0 0.20 0.20
40Hz-100Hz 0 0.06 0.21
100Hz-300Hz 0 0.03 0.21
300Hz-1kHz 0 0.01 0.07
>1kHz 0 0 0.02
6.5 Capacitance
Accuracy is expressed by ±(% of measurement value+% of measurement range) [1]
Function Measurement Test current Resolution Display speed Annual accuracy Temperature
range % of the reading coefficient % of the
+ % of reading + % of
measurement measurement range
range
Capacitance 1nF 10uA 1pF ≥2sps 2+2.5 0.05+0.05
measurement 10nF 10uA 10pF ≥2sps 1+0.3 0.05+0.01
100nF 100uA 100pF ≥2sps 1+0.3 0.01+0.01
1uF 1mA 1nF ≥2sps 1+0.3 0.01+0.01
10uF 1mA 10nF ≥2sps 1+0.3 0.01+0.01
100uF 1mA 0.1uF ≥2sps 1+0.3 0.01+0.01
1000uF 10mA 1uF ≥2sps 1+0.3 0.01+0.01
10mF 10mA 0.01mF ≥2sps 1+0.3 0.01+0.01
100mF 10mA 0.1mF ≥2sps 3+0.2 0.05+0.02
[1] Pre-heat for 60 minutes, and use Relative operation function.
6.6 Temperature
Accuracy is expressed by ±℃[1]
Function Type Test current Best range Display speed Annual Temperature coefficient
accuracy
Temperature Pt100 1mA -200 to 660℃ ≥2sps 0.16°C 0.01°C
test
Pt1000 100uA -200 to 660℃ ≥2sps 0.16°C 0.01°C
[1] Pre-heat for 60 minutes, technical indicator does not include probe accuracy, and it has to add
probe accuracy during calculation.
[2] Indicator means that sensor uses four-wire resistance measurement or two-wire resistance
measurement using Relative operation.
51

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VICTOR 8165

6 1/2 Digital Multimeter

Signal Ground Chassis Ground High Voltage Reference Manual

1. Quick Start .................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1 Inspect Product Accessories

1.2 Front Panel

: Select DC voltage measurement.

: Select AC voltage measurement.

: Select DC current measurement.

: Select AC current measurement.

: Select 2-wire or 4-wire resistance measurement.

: Select frequency or period measurement.

: Select capacitance measurement.

: Select continuity measurement or diode measurement.

: Select sensor measurement.

: Select ratio measurement.

: Enter math function configuration.

: Enter trigger function configuration.

: Enter parameter configuration of current measurement function.

1.3 Rear Panel

1.4 Adjust Handles

Handles adjusting method

Position during working Position during carriage

1.5 Start Multimeter

1.6 User Interface

pressing the softkey of Display ( ).

主功能 量程 测量参数 控制模式

Statistic Data Display

History curve display interface:

History curve display

1.7 Measurement Wiring

Press to select DC voltage Press to select DC voltage ratio

Press to select AC voltage measurement function

1A-12A measurement is as shown in the

looplooploops at the same time. 100mA-12A measurement is as shown in

Press to select 4-wire resistance

Press to select frequency Press to select period measurement

measurement function function

Press to select capacitance measurement function.

Press to select continuity Press to select diode test

2. Basic Operations of Front Panel

1) Press to select DC voltage measurement function, and automatically enter DC

softkeys of Measurement range+ ( ) and Measurement range- ( ) to select fixed

measurement range, which have same effect as keys of and .

2.1.2 DC voltage ratio measurement

1) Press to select DC voltage ratio measurement function.

2.1.3 AC voltage measurement

1) Press to select AC voltage measurement function.

softkeys of Measurement range+ ( ) and Measurement range- ( ) to select fixed

measurement range, which have same effect as keys of and .

difference between actual measurement value and current recorded value.

2.1.4 DC current measurement

1) Press to select DC current measurement function.

difference between actual measurement value and current recorded value.

interface for details.

2.1.5 AC current measurement

1) Press to select AC current measurement function.

difference between actual measurement value and current recorded value.

2.1.6 Resistance measurement

softkeys of Measurement range+ ( ) and Measurement range- ( ) to select fixed

主功能量程测量参数控制模式