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    14.3 Specific Heat

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    elizabethjin726

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    14.3 Specific Heat

    Uploaded by

    elizabethjin726
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    14.3 specific heat

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views9 pages

    14.3 Specific Heat

    Uploaded by

    elizabethjin726

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    14.

    3 Specific Heat
    Which should be heated for longer time?
    Equal mass of water and sand, both need to be increased by 1℃.

    Water absorbs
    more energy.
    1.Specific heat (capacity)
    a. Definition of specific heat (capacity): ability to absorb heat.
    It is the amount of energy required (gained/ lost) to increase/decrease
    the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C.
    b. Scalar
    c. Symbol: c
    d. Unit:
    SI unit: J/kg⋅℃, J/kg⋅K
    Common unit: kcal/kg⋅℃, kcal/kg⋅K

    Example: cwater = 4186J/kg⋅℃


    e. The values of c depends on T and
    slightly on P.
    For temperature changes that are not
    too great, c can often be considered
    constant.

    The energy required to increase


    the temperature of 1 kg of a liquid
    water by 1℃ is 4186J.
    f. Specific heats for gases depend very much on how the process of
    changing its temperature is carried out.

    • cp: specific heat of gas kept at constant


    pressure.

    • cv: specific heat of gas kept at constant


    volume.

    • cp is always greater than cv.

    • For liquids and solids, this distinction is


    usually negligible.
    2. Heat Transfer
    The heat gained or lost by an object as its temperature changes depends
    on the mass, the change in temperature and the specific heat of the
    substance.

    = ∆ = ( − )
     Q (amount of heat transfer): Unit joules (J).
     m (Mass): Unit kilograms (kg).

     ΔT (Temperature change ): Unit ℃ or K.


    Tf—final temperature Ti—initial temperature

     c (Specific heat capacity): Unit J/kg℃, J/kg • K


    Example 2.
    How much energy is taken away when 200 g of ice decreases its
    temperature from -10 ℃ to -20℃ ? (cice=2100J/kg ℃)

    Q= mcΔT
    = 0.2 x 2100 x (-20-(-10))
    = -4200J
    Lose 4200J
    Example 3.
    (a) How much heat input is needed to raise the temperature of an
    empty 20-kg vat made of iron from 10 oC to 90 oC? (ciron=450J/kg °C)

    = ∆ = 20 × 450 × 90 − 10 = 7.2 × 10

    (b) What if the vat is filled with 20 kg of water? ? (cwater=4186J/kg °C)


    = ∆ = 20 × 4186 × 90 − 10 = 6.7 × 10
    = + = 7.2 × 10 + 6.7 × 10 = 7.4 × 10
    Example 4.
    Suppose there is 0.5kg water in the container. 100W electric heater is
    turned on for 230s. T of water is raised by 10℃.Find the specific heat of
    water.
    E=P×t = 100W×230s=23000J
    E=Q=mcΔT
    23000J=0.5kg×c×10℃
    c=4600J/kg ℃

    Why not 4186J/kg ℃?


    Q is not completely absorbed by water.
    Heat loss to the container and surroundings.

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