Abstract Book INCPS 2024

Higher Commission
Education
INSTITUTE OF BO
TANY
Responsibility for the content and language correctness
of the abstracts lie with the author(s).
This publication is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons

Attribution4.0 International license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University,

Multan 60800, Pakistan under the umbrella of Botanical Society of
Pakistan
i
ii
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Sr Content Page
#
1 A Word from Organizing Committee v
2 International and National Advisory Committee vi
3 Message from INCPS-2024 Organizers 1
4 Message from Patron in-Chief 1
5 Message from Patron 2
6 Message from Chief Organizer 3
7 Message from Chief Editor Pakistan Journal of 4
Botany
8 Message from Chief Guest Prof Dr M Ashraf 5
9 Message from Emeritus Prof. Dr. Javed Iqbal - 6
Lifetime Achievement Awardee
10 List of Abstracts – Oral Presentations 7
11 List of Abstracts – Poster Presentations 27
12 Plenary lecture 41
– International Invited Speakers
13 National Invited Speakers 53
14 Oral Presentations 70
15 Agricultural Sciences 70
16 Biochemistry, OMICS, Bioinformatics 76
17 Biodiversity Conservation 84
18 Microbiology and Plant Microbe Interaction 87
19 Mycology, Plant Pathology and Disease 92
Management
20 Phycology, Marine Biology 102
21 Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering 105
22 Plant Ecology and Environment Pollution 111
23 Plant Genetics and Breeding 115
24 Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 119
25 Plant Physiology and Stress Physiology 125
26 Plant Taxonomy and Ethnobotany 151
27 Plants for Industrial Products/ Medicinal 160
Plants/Pharmacognosy
28 Remote Sensing in Plants 165
29 Sustainable Agriculture 166
30 Poster Presentations 171
31 Agricultural Sciences 171
32 Biochemistry, OMICS, Bioinformatics 177
33 Microbiology and Plant Microbe Interaction 184
34 Mycology, Plant Pathology, Disease 187
iii
Table of Contents
Management
35 Photosynthesis and Crop Productivity 197
36 Phycology, Marine Biology 198
37 Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering 199
38 Plant Ecology and Environmental Pollution 202
39 Plant Genetics and Breeding 203
40 Plant Physiology and Stress Physiology 206
41 Plant Taxonomy and Ethnobotany 257
42 Sustainable Agriculture 258
43 Supplementary Abstracts 266
44 INCPS-2024 Sponsors 271
iv
Words from Organizing Committee
A word from Organizing Committee

th th
The 9 International & 18 National Conference of Plant Scientists (INCPS-
2024), themed “Capitalizing Plant Diversity for Ensuring Food Security,” is
th th
scheduled to be held from October 28 to 30 , 2024, at the Institute of
Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.
The field of plant sciences is rapidly evolving, transcending traditional
boundaries and embracing the integration of diverse disciplines. This
conference exemplifies this interdisciplinary approach. By converging these
fields, we aim to foster innovation and explore groundbreaking solutions for
harnessing the potential of plants in food, medicine, and industry.
The conference will provide a platform for presenting new advances and
research results.
The conference is organized by the Botanical Society of Pakistan (BSoP),
which has a long history of promoting scientific research through
conferences, workshops, and other events. The BSoP’s goal is to create an
interdisciplinary platform for plant scientists to exchange ideas, collaborate,
and share their research findings.
We cordially invite all scientists and students to attend INCPS-2024. We
believe that this conference will foster a new era of scientific exchange,
collaboration, and innovation.
v
International and National Advisory Board/Editorial Committee
International Advisory Board

Prof. Dr. Mark Tester, KSA; Prof. Dr. Mohammad Pessarakli, USA; Prof. Dr.
Rana Munns, Australia; Prof. Dr. Heribert Hirt, KSA; Prof. Dr. Hussain
Akhani, Iran; Prof. Dr. P.J.C. Harris, UK; Prof. Dr. Cengiz Kaya, Turkey; Prof.
Dr. ChedlyAbdelly, Tunisia; Prof. Dr. Munir Ozturk, Turkey; Dr. Holger
Bohlmann, Austria; Prof. Dr. Siegrid Steinkellner, Austria; Prof. Dr. Mirza
Hasanuzzaman, Bangladesh; Prof. Dr. Hans Werner Koyro, Germany
National Advisory Board

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf (HI), (SI), (PoP), (IF), Prof. Dr. Muhammad
Qaiser, Karachi; Lahore; Prof. Dr. Ikram ul Haq (SI), Lahore; Prof. Dr. Kauser
Abdullah Malik (HI), (SI), (TI), Lahore; Prof. Dr. Khan Bahadar Marwat, Dir
Upper KPK; Prof. Dr. Shahid Mansoor (SI), PCMD, ICCBS Karachi; Prof. Dr.
Shahid Mahmood Baig, Karachi; Prof. Dr. Zabta Khan Shinwari (SI), (TI),
UNESCO Avicenna Prize, Islamabad; Prof. Habib Bukhari, Murree; Prof. Dr.
Rukhsana Jabeen, Quetta; Prof. Dr. Abdul Nasir Khalid, Lahore; Prof. Dr.
Mushtaq Ahmad, Islamabad; Prof. Dr. Rehana Kausar, AJK; Dr. Haidar Ali,
Sawat; Dr. Qamar Abbas, Gilgit; Dr. Zahid Mukhtar, Faisalabad; Dr. Nargis
Naz, Bahawalpur; Prof. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, Faisalabad; Prof. Dr. Abrar
Hussain, Lahore; Prof. Dr. Bilquees Gul, Karachi; Prof. Dr. Rehmat Ullah
Qureshi, Rawalpindi; Prof. Dr. Moaz-ur-Rehman, Lahore; Prof. Dr. Abul
Qayyum Rao, Lahore; Prof. Dr. Bushra Mirza, ISESCO Women in Science
Chair, QAU Islamabad
Editorial Committee/Co-Organizing Committee

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Qaiser; Prof. Dr. Ikram ul Haq; Prof. Dr. Muhammad
Ashraf (HI), (SI), (PoP), (IF); Prof. Dr. Abdul Nasir Khalid; Prof. Dr. Seema
Mahmood; Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman Athar; Prof. Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad; Dr.
Haider Ali;Dr. Qamar Abbas; Dr. Rehana Kausar;Prof. Dr. Ahmed Akrem; Dr.
Sibgha Noreen; Dr. Kausar Hussain Shah
vi
Messages from INCPS-2024 Organizers
Message from Patron in Chief -Vice Chancellor

It is with great pride that I extend a warm welcome to all participants
th th
of the 9 International & 18 National Conference of Plant Scientists
(INCPS-2024), hosted by Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, in
collaboration with the Botanical Society of Pakistan. The theme of
conference, “Capitalizing Plant Diversity for Ensuring Food Security”, is
both timely and relevant, reflecting our commitment to addressing some of
the most pressing global challenges.
As the Patron-in-Chief of this significant event, I am honored to
witness our university playing a pivotal role in advancing scientific inquiry
and innovation. This conference serves as a powerful testament to
Bahauddin Zakariya University's dedication to academic excellence and its
focus on fostering research that can make a meaningful impact on society.
By hosting INCPS-2024, our primary goals are to elevate the
academic and research profile of our university, particularly in the field of
plant sciences. This event will provide an invaluable platform for faculty,
researchers, and students to engage with leading scientists from around the
world, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange. The insights gained
from this conference will not only enrich the academic pursuits of our
institution but would also enhance the quality of research being conducted at
our Department of Botany.
Furthermore, the economic and social impact of INCPS-2024 on
the region of South Punjab cannot be overstated. The influx of national and
international visitors will contribute significantly to local industries such as
tourism, hospitality, and services, thus aiding in the economic development
of the Multan region.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the Botanical
Society of Pakistan, the esteemed keynote speakers, and all the
distinguished participants who have come together to make this conference
a success. Your contributions reflect the critical importance of plant diversity
in ensuring food security, particularly in the context of global climate
challenges.
I firmly believe that the discussions and research shared during this
conference will have a lasting impact, not only on our academic community
but also on the broader efforts to ensure food security and sustainable
development. I wish the organizers of INCPS-2024 a resounding success
and look forward to the new ideas and collaborations that would emerge
from this landmark event.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zubair Iqbal

Vice Chancellor, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
1
Message from Patron -Dean Faculty of Science

th th
Welcome to the 9 International & 18 National Conference of Plant
Scientists (INCPS-2024). This conference emphasizes the importance of
interdisciplinary research in addressing plant-based challenges. By
integrating Botany, Biotechnology, Chemistry, Physics, AI, and more, we aim
to explore innovative solutions for food, medicine, and industry.
The scope of plant sciences extends far beyond traditional
boundaries, and this conference exemplifies the integration of multiple
disciplines such as Botany, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics,
Agricultural Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Statistics, Data
Science, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence. By converging these
fields, we aim to develop innovative, out-of-the-box solutions for exploring
new plants with potential applications in food, medicine, and industry. For
instance, plants can offer exciting opportunities in the production of biofuels
from algae, plant-based cosmetics, herbal medicines, mushroom-based food
products, and biopesticides.
The potential of plant-based innovations is vast, from biofuels to
herbal medicines and biopesticides. I encourage our faculty, researchers,
and students to explore the entrepreneurial opportunities in these fields, with
full support from the Dean’s Office.
This conference will drive academic development, inspire new
interdisciplinary programs, and strengthen ties between academia and
industry, fostering collaborative research for real-world impact. Let's make
the most of this opportunity to advance plant science for a sustainable
future.
I wish INCPS-2024 a great success.
Prof. Dr. Javed Ahmad

Dean, Faculty of Science
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
2
Message from Chief Organizer
th th
It is a great honor to welcome you to the 9 International & 18 National
Conference of Plant Scientists (INCPS-2024) at Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan. The Conference theme, “Capitalizing Plant Diversity for
Ensuring Food Security,” holds immense significance in addressing the
global challenges of food security and environmental sustainability.
At the Institute of Botany, we are proud of our faculty and students who are
making remarkable contributions, particularly in the fields of plant ecology
and evolution, plant stress physiology, photosynthesis research, protein
structural biology and plant microbe-interaction. The research environment
at the Institute is rich with opportunities for exploration and innovation,
making it an ideal place for students to thrive and pursue impactful scientific
careers.
We encourage aspiring students to join the Institute of Botany at BZU and

become part of a vibrant academic community. Here, you will find an
excellent environment to groom your research skills, contribute to cutting-
edge discoveries, and build a bright future in plant sciences.
Best wishes for a successful conference.
Prof. Dr. Seema Mahmood

Chief Organizer, INCPS-2024
Director, Institute of Botany, BZU Multan
3
Message from Distinguished National Professor,

Prof. Dr. M. Qaiser, Ex-Vice Chancellor, University of
Karachi and Chief Editor, Pakistan Journal of Botany
It brings me immense pleasure to extend my heartfelt
congratulations to the Institute of Botany at Bahauddin Zakariya University,
th th
Multan, for nicely organizing the 9 International and 18 National
Conference of Plant Scientists (INCPS-2024) under the esteemed umbrella
of the Botanical Society of Pakistan.
My association with the Botanical Society of Pakistan goes back to
1968, and over the years, it has been my privilege to support and nurture the
society, particularly through my role as the Chief Editor of the Pakistan
Journal of Botany. As one of the key contributors to the compilation of the
Flora of Pakistan, I have always believed in the importance of advancing
plant sciences in our country. This conference is a testament to the
flourishing state of botanical research and education at Bahauddin Zakariya
University.
Two years ago, when my colleagues and I decided to entrust the
responsibility of hosting this conference to BZU, we had full confidence in
their ability to deliver an event of great significance. Now, seeing the
overwhelming response in the form of abstract submissions from
researchers across Pakistan, I am pleased to say that our decision was
indeed the right one.
This conference is set to highlight critical issues such as plant
systematics, plant diversity, and their potential exploitation for food, feed,
and shelter—all crucial areas that align with the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). I am confident that INCPS-2024 will offer meaningful insights
that contribute to the achievement of these goals and inspire future
generations of plant scientists.
I am particularly delighted to see how this conference will benefit
the students from the region, providing them with a unique platform to
engage with leading experts and to showcase their own research
capabilities.
I wish the conference immense success and hope it continues to
propel the Institute of Botany, BZU Multan, toward even greater heights in
the field of botanical research and education.
With best wishes,
Prof. Dr. M. Qaiser

Distinguished National Professor
Ex-Vice Chancellor, University of Karachi
Chief Editor, Pakistan Journal of Botany
4
Message from Chief Guest

Distinguished National Professor, Dr. M. Ashraf (HI, SI, POP, IF;
Fellow TWAS; IAS; PAS), Rector, The University of Lahore on the
occasion of INCPS-2024
It gives me immense pleasure and joy to see the Institute of Botany at

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, hosting the prestigious 9th
International and 18th National Conference of Plant Scientists (INCPS-
2024). This institute holds a special place in my heart as I began my
academic career therein, serving as Lecturer, Assistant Professor, and later
Associate Professor from 1987 to 1999.
During my time here, I had the privilege of establishing the Plant
Physiology Lab and was involved in the breeding of the salt-tolerant wheat
cultivar, S-24. Some of the brightest students I mentored during that time
have gone on to achieve remarkable success in their careers. The Institute
of Botany has always been a hub of innovation and research excellence,
and I am thrilled to witness its continued tremendous growth and success.
This conference is a reflection of the institute's commitment to
advancing plant sciences and it will serve as a platform for scholars and
researchers to share their groundbreaking work. I am confident that INCPS-
2024 will have a profound impact, not only on the research community, but
also on the students from the region who will gain valuable insights and
inspiration from the discussions and presentations by eminent plant
scientists.
I extend my heartfelt congratulations to the organizing committee
for putting together this remarkable event. I look forward to the exciting
contributions that will emerge from this gathering, and I am proud to see my
alma mater flourishing in such an impactful way.
With best wishes for continued success,
Prof. Dr. M. Ashraf

Distinguished National Professor
Rector, The University of Lahore
5
Message from Emeritus Prof. Dr. Javed Iqbal –

Lifetime Achievement Awardee
The Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan,

th
under the banner of Pakistan Botanical Society is hosting the 9
th
International and 18 National Conference of Plant Scientists (INCPS 2024)
th th
from October 28 to 30 2024. A large number of delegates (763) from over
46 public/private universities of the country are attending the conference.
During the deliberations of the conference, 151 oral presentations

and 103 posters will be displayed. Eleven scholars of international repute will
address the participants either oral or online oral. Three renowned scientists
of the country will be awarded the “Lifetime Achievement Award.
The main challenges of the day Pakistan is facing are climate

change and an increase in human population resulting in water and food
security.
The conference will deliberate on these issues and will promote

interdisciplinary dialogue regarding contemporary issues confronting plant
scientists of the country and presentations in the conference and ensuing
discussions will provide guidelines for future work to younger scientists of the
country.
To manage a conference at such a huge level is a gigantic task and

I wish the Organizing Committee all success.
Emeritus Prof. Dr. Javed Iqbal

Institute of Botany
University of the Punjab
Lahore
6
List of Abstracts INCPS-2024 – Oral Presntations
List of Abstracts INCPS-2024 – Oral Presentations
International Invited Speakers

# Authors with affiliation Title of the Abstract Pp.
Prof. Dr. Hans-Werner Primary and Secondary
Koyro Reaction of Photosynthesis
Department of Plant as Non-Invasive Indicators
1 41
Ecology, Justus-Liebig- for the Degree of Stress on
University Giessen, D- the Plant
35392 Giessen, Germany
Prof. Dr. Mirza Importance of Millets for
Hasanuzzaman Climate-Resilient
Department of Agronomy, Agriculture
2 Faculty of Agriculture, and Food Security 42
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Sher-e-Bangla
Nagar, Dhaka
Prof. Dr. Christian Betzel Latest Developments in
Laboratory for Structural Serial
Biology of Infection and Crystallography:Application
Inflammation, The s in Structure based Drug
3 42
Hamburg Centre for Discovery
Ultrafast Imaging,
University of Hamburg,
Hamburg, Germany
Prof. Dr. Hazem M. Kalaji Plantish: The Languages of
Warsaw University of Life Plants
4 Science SGGW, 43
Nowoursynowska 166, 02-
787 Warszawa, Poland
Dr. Zhu Bo Post-Transcriptional
School of Agriculture and Regulation Controls
5 Biology, Shangai Jiao Tong Bacterial Virulence in Rice 44
University, Shanghai,
China
Prof. Dr. Precious Medicinal Plants
TrobjonMakhkamov Diversity for Socio-
Department of Forestry economic Development in
6 44
and Landscape Design, Uzbekistan
Taskent State Agrarian
University Uzbekistan
Dr. Lamis Abdelhakim Insights into the dynamic
PSI (Photon Systems responses of plants under
7 Instruments), spol. s r.o., combined stresses using 45
Czech Republic high-throughput image
based phenotyping
8 Esmail Emran Phenotypic Diversity and 46
7
List of Abstracts INCPS-2024 -Oral Presentations
Department of forestry and Stability of Gorgak Melon

Horticulture Science Balkh Cultivars (Cucumis melo
University, new campus, L.) in Sar-e Pol
Afghanistan
Prof. Dr. Ali Ahmed Aioub Back to the origins:
Plant Protection biopesticides as promising
9 Department, Faculty of alternatives to conventional 47
Agriculture, Zagazig agrochemicals
University, Egypt
Prof. Dr. Toru Fujiwara Molecular Mechanisms of
Graduate School of Regulation of Boron
10 Agricultural and Life Transporter Gene 47
Sciences, The University of Expression in Response to
Tokyo, Japan Boron Conditions
Maren Krings From Weed to Seed with
Director General, Future Potential: The Role
11 Federation of International of Hemp in Climate and 48
Hemp Organizations Social Justice
(FIHO)
Muhammad Species richness and
Ashrafuzzaman diversity of Zingiberaceae
Department of Crop at the Bangladesh
12 49
Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University
Agricultural University, Botanical Garden
Mymensingh 2202
Dr. Jin Lin Zhang Root-derived Bacteria and
State Key Laboratory of Root Exudates are Crucial
Herbage Improvement and for the Salt-tolerance of
Grassland Agro- Perennial Ryegrass
ecosystems, Engineering (Lolium perenne L.)
Research Center of
Grassland Industry,
13 Ministry of Education, 50
College of Pastoral
Agriculture Science and
Technology, Center for
Grassland Microbiome,
Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730000, PR
China
Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh
Fars Agricultural and
Evolutionary Plant
Natural Resources
Breeding as a Practical
Research and Education
14 Strategy for Yield Stability 51
Center, Agricultural
in Saline Environments
Research, Education and
Extension Organization
(AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
15 Prof Dr M Ashraf Micelles: Soap Industry 51
8
Independent Researcher and Drug Delivery

National speakers
Prof. Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad Plant Biodiversity of
Department of Plant Northern Hemisphere in
Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam Asia: A way forward along
University Islamabad, China-Pakistan Economic
16 53
Pakistan, 45320 Corridor (CPEC) for
Pakistan Academy of Cooperation and
Sciences, Islamabad Conservation
Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Role of Botanic Gardens
Qaiser for the Promotion of Food
Centre for Plant Security in the Present
17 Conservation Scenario of Climate 54
University of Karachi & Change
Pakistan Academy of
Sciences Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Evolution and Revolution in
Ashraf Botany/Plant Science
18 55
University of Lahore,
Lahore
Prof. Dr. Khan Bahadar Impact Of Weeds on the
Marwat Crops, Environment,
19 56
University of Agriculture Agriculture and Human
Peshawar Health
Dr. Shahid Mansoor Enhancing the Yield of
Agricultural Biotechnology Rice and Wheat by Editing
Division, National Institute Multiple Negative
20 for Biotechnology and Regulators of Yield Traits 56
Genetic Engineering
(NIBGE), University of
Karachi, Karachi
Firdaus-e- Bareen Environmentally
Institute of Molecular Sustainable Management
21 Biology and Biotechnology, of Tannery Waste through 57
The University of Lahore, Biological Approaches
Lahore
Dr. Muhammad Afzal Large Scale Application of
National Institute for Floating Treatment
22 Biotechnology and Genetic Wetlands in Pakistan for 58
Engineering (NIBGE), the Treatment and Reuse
Faisalabad of Wastewater
Dr. Mehboob-ur-Rahman Use of Modern Genomic
23 (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Approaches for Developing 59
Faisalabad Resilient Cotton Varieties
Dr. Awais Rasheed Genomics-Enabled Wheat
24 59
Department of Plant Breeding for Improved
9
Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam Productivity and Nutritional

University, Islamabad Quality
Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences
(CAAS), and CIMMYT-
China
Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan Carbon Sequestration
Department of Plant Potential of Pure Quercus
Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam incanaRoxb. Forest of the
25 University Islamabad Temperate Region of 60
Pakistan Academy of Pakistan
Sciences, Islamabad
Pakistan
Dr. Iftikhar Ahmed Enhancing Wheat Growth
Land Resources Research Potential through Potent
Institute (LRRI), National Zinc-Solubilizing Bacteria
26 61
Agricultural Research
Centre (NARC), Park
Road, Islamabad
Dr. Muhammad Ramzan Next Generation Genomic
Khan innovations for Crop
Functional Genomics and Productivity Enhancement
Bioinformatics Program, using Wild Relatives
National Institute for
27 62
Genomics and Advanced
Biotechnology, National
Agricultural Research
Centre, Park Road,
Islamabad
Dr. Bushra Tabassum Pyramiding RNAi with Cry
School of Biological Toxins in Local Cotton
Sciences, University of the Germplasm for Protection
Punjab Lahore-Pakistan. against Pink Bollworm
28 63
Centre of Excellence in
Molecular Biology,
University of the Punjab
Lahore
Prof. Dr. Abdul Qayyum CRISPR Cas Based
Rao Genome Editing and
CEMB University of the Genetic Modification to
29 64
Punjab, 87 West Canal Improve Important Crop
Bank Road Thokar Niaz Traits
baig Lahore
Prof. Dr. Tehreema Iftikhar Integrating Sustainable
Government college Development Goals into
30 65
university, Lahore, Applied Research for
Pakistan Societal Impact
Dr. Qamar Abbas Ethnobotanical Studies,
31 66
Department of Phytochemical
10
PlantSciences,KarakorumI Investigation and

nternationalUniversityGilgit Antimicrobial Efficacy of
_Baltistan Selected Medicinal Plants
of Family Zygophylaceae,
District Gilgit
Dr. Hammad Majeed AI and other Intelligent
University of Management Manufacturing
32 and Technology, Sialkot Technologies Implications 67
in Science Research for a
sustainable world
Yusuf Zafar Organic Agriculture
Pakistan Central Cotton Particularly Cotton
Committee (PCCC), Multan Production-A New Initiative
33 67
in Pakistan for Climate
Change Adaptation and
Mitigation
Prof. Dr. Nudrat Aisha Salinity Tolerance
Akram Mechanisms from Grain to
34 Department of Botany, Grain Formation in Major 68
Government College Cereals: An Overview
University, Faisalabad
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy, Horticulture

Zahoor Ahmad Sajid Effect of Arginine on
Institute of Botany Callogenesis, Biochemical
35 University of the Punjab, Alterations and Growth of 70
Quaid-e- Azam Campus, Jackfruit (Artocarpus
Lahore heterophyllus L.)
Iqtidar Hussain Allelopathic Weed
Gomal University, Pakistan Management in Different
36 Wheat Cultivars under Arid 71
Agro-climatic Conditions in
D.I. Khan, KP, Pakistan
Shaghef Ejaz Hydrocolloids Based Edible
Department of Horticulture Coatings Effectively
37 Bahauddin Zakariya Preserve the Postharvest 72
University, Multan Quality of Guava Fruits
During Ambient Storage
Zahida Parveen Markhand Artificial Ripening of Date
Department of Botany Palm Variety Aseel Using
38 Shah Abdul Latif Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 72
University, Khairpur, Sindh and Potassium Hydroxide
(KOH)
Tahira Jatt Karyotype Variation and
Department of Botany Comparative Analysis of
39 73
Shah Abdul Latif Native and Exotic Varieties
University, Khairpur, Sindh of Date Palm (Phoenix
11
dactylifera L.) Growing in

Pakistan
Ahmad Shakeel Evaluating the Interactive
Institute of Agronomy Impact of Nitrogen Levels
Bahauddin Zakariya and Cultivars on Yield
University, Multan Traits, Nitrogen use
40 74
Efficiency, Water use
Efficiency and Benefit Cost
Ratio of Ratoon Rice in
Punjab, Pakistan
Wajid Nazeer Inheritance of Cotton Leaf
Department of Plant Curl Virus in Back-cross
breeding and Genetics Progenies (BC1 to BC3)
41 Ghazi University, Dera Derived from Iinterspecific 75
Ghazi Khan Cross Gossypium
arboreum and Gossypium
hirsutum
Biochemistry, OMICS, Bioinformatics
LyciumRIN negatively
Aysha Arif Chahel modulate the biosynthesis
Guangdong Provincial Key of kukoamine A in hairy
42 76
Laboratory of Applied roots through decreasing
Botany, China thermospermine synthase
expression
Binish Khaliq Isolation And Antimicrobial
Department of Botany, Activity of Patatin Tuber
University of Okara, Okara Storage Protein from
43 Solanum tuberosum: 77
Insights from Phylogenetic
Analysis and Molecular
Docking
Sohaib Mehmood Enhanced efficacy of
Institute of Botany, Trypsin Inhibitors through
Bahauddin Zakariya nanoencapsulation for
44 78
University, Multan control of stored grain
insect pest, Trogoderma
granarium (Everts)
Ahsan Saeed Optimizing Expression and
Institute of Refolding of Nelumbo
45 78
Botany,Bahauddin nucifera Chitinase for
Zakariya University, Multan Crystallization
Uzma Ishaq Comparative In-Silico
Institute of Botany Analysis of Plant Based
46 79
Bahauddin Zakariya Agonist of GABAB
University, Multan Receptor against Epilepsy
Sana Khalid Evolutionary Prediction of
47 Department of Botany, Fructose Bisphosphate 80
Lahore College for Women Aldolase from Different
12
University, Jail Road, Plant Species: An in

Lahore Silico Approach
Shah Rukh A Potent Plant Based
Bahauddin Zakariya Chitinase: Detailed
48 University, Multan Structural Informatics and 81
Insecticidal Activity Against
Helicoverpa. armigera
Naveed Iqbal Raja Assessing the Impact of
Department of Botany Green-Synthesized Silver
,PMAS Arid Agriculture Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on
University Rawalpindi, Wheat Carbohydrate
49 81
Rawalpindi Metabolism and Protein
Quantification under Heat
Stress in Pakistan's
Changing Climate
Rehana Kausar Protein Models & DNA
Department of Botany, Barcoding of Lamiaceae
50 University of Azad Jammu Species From Poonch 82
and Kashmir, Valley, AJK, Pakistan
Muzaffarabad
Biodiversity Conservation
Talha Riaz
Integrating Biodiversity
College of Food Science
Conservation into
and
51 Sustainable Agriculture: 84
Technology, Huazhong
Strategies for Food
Agricultural
Security
University, Wuhan, China
Saira Sameen Harnessing Plant Diversity
Department of Life to Ensure Food Security:
Sciences, Khwaja Freed Strategies and Implications
52 University of Engineering 85
and Information
Technology, Rahim Yar
Khan
Ishrat Jamil Evaluating the Efficiency of
Institute of Biotechnology Chloroplast Markers as
and Genetic Engineering Barcodes for Abutilon
53 (KIBGE), University of Species Identification: 85
Karachi Biodiversity Conservation
and Sustainable
Agriculture
Zohaib-U-Din The Floristic Composition,
Department of Plant Structure, and Ecological
54 Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam Value of Planted Forest 86
University-45320
Islamabad
Microbiology and Plant Microbe Interaction
13
Characterizing of the Soil

Muhammad Tahir
Microbial Community in
College of Soil and Water
Poplars of Diverse Health
55 Conservation, Beijing 87
Status in the Bashing
Forestry University, Beijing
Plateau: Insights from a
100083, China
Semiarid Region of China
Amanat Ali Mitigating Heavy Metal
Soil Microbiology Group, Pollution in Pakistan: The
56 Soil & Environmental Role of Microbial-Assisted 88
Sciences Division, NIA Phytoremediation
Tandojam
Khizar Hayat Bhatti Antibacterial, Antifungal
Department of Botany, Activity and Phytochemical
57 89
Hafiz Hayat Campus, Characterization of Citrus
University of Gujrat Fruit Peel and Pulp
Saima Asif Investigation of Chromium-
Institute of Molecular Reducing Potential of
58 Biology and Biotechnology Indigenous Microbial 89
Bahauddin Zakariya Strains in Tannery
University, Multan Wastewater
Iqra Sabir Pesticide-Tolerant
Institute of Molecular Rhizobacteria Enhance
59 Biology and Biotechnology, Malathion Tolerance in 90
Bahauddin Zakariya Cotton Plants Through
University, Multan Physiological Mechanisms
Mycology, Plant Pathology and Disease Management
Tanveer Hussain Exploration of Symbiotic
Department of Botany, Association and
Azad Jammu & Kashmir Identification of Fungal
60 92
University of Bhimber, Species from Roots of
Bhimber Wheat in District Bhimber,
Azad Kashmir
Muhammad Atiq Efficacy of Parthenium
Department of Plant hysterophorus-Based
Pathology, University of Silver, Copper, and Nickel
61 92
Agriculture, Faisalabad Oxide Nanoparticles in
Citrus Canker
Management
Nasir Ahmed Rajput Assessment of Biocidal
Department of Plant Potential of Desert Phyto-
62 Pathology University of Extracts for the 93
Agriculture, Faisalabad Management of Whip Smut
of Sugarcane
Rizwana Nawaz Two New Species of
Institute of Botany, Genus Coprinopsis
63 Bahauddin Zakariya (Psathyrellaceae, 94
University, Multan Basidiomycota) from Dera
Ghazi Khan, Punjab,
14
Pakistan
Faizah Urooj Combine Role of
Department of Botany, Endophytic Fungi and
University of Karachi Seaweeds in Induction of
Systemic Resistance in
64 95
Sunflower Against Root
Rotting Fungi, and GC-MS
Profiling of Mycelium of
Penicillium citrinum
Ayesha Bibi Xerophoruspunjabensis
Institute of (Callistosporiaceae), a
65 botany,University of the New Gilled Mushroom 95
Punjab, Lahore Species from Southern
Punjab, Pakistan
Maham Irfan Fungistatic Potential of
Department of Botany Leaves of Solanum nigrum
66 96
Lahore College for Women Against Ochratoxin
University, Lahore Producing Fungi
Hira Ijaz Systematics of Some
Department of Botany, Ectomycorrhizal Taxa
Division of Science and based on nrDNA
67 97
Technology, University of sequences from Quercus
Education, Township, Dominating Forests of
Lahore Pakistan
Iram Zaheer PCR Based Molecular
Fatima Jinnah Women Characterization of
University, Rawalpindi Bacterial Pathogens from
68 98
Citrus Fruit
withMajorFocusonCitrus
Canker Disease
Uzma Irfan New Records of Wood
Department of Rotting and Medicinal
Environmental Sciences, Macrofungi from Pakistan
69 98
The Women University Corroborated by Multigene
Multan Phylogeny
Amatu Rehman Taxonomic and

Phylogenetic Analyses
Reveal New Record of
70 Inonotuss.l. 99
(Hymenochaetaceae), from
Pabbi hills, Punjab,
Pakistan
Faisal Hussain Prevalence of Soil-Borne
Department of Botany, Phytopathogenic Fungi in
71 99
Ghazi University, Dera Cotton Crop
Ghazi Khan
Muhammad Nouman Evaluation of Different
72 100
Siddique Fungicides against Root
15
Department of Plant Rot of Carrot Caused by

Pathology, University of Fusarium spp.
Agriculture Faisalabad
Phycology, Marine Biology
Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan Spatial and Temporal
Centre of Excellence in Dynamics of Phytoplankton
Marine Biology University Dwelling in Mangrove
73 102
of Karachi, Karachi Dominated Channel Water
and Tidal Creek area along
Karachi Coast
Seema Shafique Aegiceras corniculatum:
Centre of Excellence in Antidiabetic Potential of
Marine Biology ,Centre of Fruit Extract
74 103
Excellence in Marine
Biology, University of
Karachi, Karachi
Sadaf Gul Assessing the Potential
Department of Botany use of Seaweed as
75 ,University of Karachi, Biofertilizer for Spinacea 103
Karachi oleracea under Saline
Conditions
Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Armghan Shahzad Identification of Molecular
National Agricultural Markers Linked to Rust
76 105
Research Centre Park Resistance Genes in
Road Islamabad Pakistani Spring Wheat
Sana Zulfiqar Development of useful
NIBGE-C, PIEAS, Genetic and Genomic
Faisalabad Resources of Spring
77 Wheat through Bridging 105
Mutational and Next
Generation Sequencing
Approach
Sarwat Naz Comparison of Mother
Department of Botany, Plant Canola with
78 106
University of Karachi, Somaclone for NaCl
Karachi Tolerance
Zaib-Un-Nisa The Glycine soja
The University of Lahore, Cytochrome P450 Gene
Lahore GsCYP82C4 Confers
79 Alkaline Tolerance by 107
Promoting Reactive
Oxygen Species
Scavenging
Azra Yasmeen Modulating Pectin
80 Institute of Molecular Methylesterification: A 108
Biology and Biotechnology, Strategy for Root-Knot
16
Bahauddin Zakariya Nematode Resistance in

University, Multan Tomato Plants
Akram M In vitro Rooting of Rescued
Institute of Botany, Mature Zygotic Embryos of
81 109
University of the Punjab, Pinus roxburghii Sarg
Lahore
Faiz Ahmad Joyia Development of Fungal
Centre of Agricultural Resistant Berseem Lines
Biochemistry and by Nuclear Incorporation of
82 109
Biotechnology (CABB), Chitinase Gene
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
Plant Ecology and Environment Pollution
Muhammad Amir Organic Pollution
Institute of Treatment Efficiency
83 Botany,University of the Through Recycled Plastic 111
Punjab, Lahore Bedding Materials’
Microbial Biofilm
Shujaul Mulk Khan Ecological Interaction of
Depertment of Plant Russula Genus; A Case
84 Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam Study from the Moist 111
University, Islamabad Temperate Region of
Murree Forest Division
Qurat Ul Ain A Phytosociological Study
Department of plant of Weeds Distribution
sciences, Quaid-i-Azam under the Influence of
85 112
University, Islamabad Edaphic, and Farming
Dynamics in the Wheat
Field of District Mianwali
Wasim Abbas Assessment of the
Department of Botany, Genotoxic Effect of
Government College Pesticide (Profenofos and
86 113
University, Lahore Cypermethrin) on Allium
cepa L. through Comet
Assay
Shazia Anjum Qadri Temporal Variations in
Institute of Sustainable Polyphenols and
87 Halophyte Utilization, Antioxidant Capacity of A 114
University of Karachi, Coastal Dune Grass
Karachi HalopyrumMucronatum
Plant Genetics and Breeding
Sidra Nasar Exploring the Genetic
Department of Botany, Variability of Common
University of Azad Jammu Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris
88 115
and Kashmir Muzaffarabad L.) in Subtropical
Conditions: A Study from
the Kashmir Himalayas
17
Sadaf Tabasum Qureshi Cyto-genetic Sequel of Soft

Institute of Plant Sciences, Drinks via Allium cepa L.
89 University of Sindh Chromosomal Aberration 116
Jamshoro, Pakistan Assay as a Cancer
Prediction Tool
Aanab Fatima Inheritance of Seed Cotton
Department of Plant Yield and Component
90 116
Breeding and Genetics, Traits in Cotton
Ghazi University DG Khan
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad Genome Wide Linkage
Department of Plant Mapping of Various
Breeding and Genetics Morpho-Physiological
91 117
Bahauddin Zakariya Traits Under Heat and
University, Multan Drought Stress in Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.)
Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Iqbal Makhdum Fertigation of Wheat

Institute of Botany, (Triticum aestivum L.)
Bahauddin Zakariya Cultivars with Zinc Leads
92 119
University, Multan to Enhanced Yield and
Marginal Rate of Return in
Silty Loamy Soils
Naila Ali Soil Liming Ameliorates
The University of Lahore, Crude Oil Stress and
Lahore Promotes Biochemical
93 Indices and Photosynthetic 120
and Antioxidant Enzyme
Activities in Lemongrass
(Cymbopogon citratus)
Javaria Afzal Effects of Different Rates
Nuclear Institute of and Ratios of Nitrogen and
Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam Phosphorus on Growth,
94 120
Yield and Nutrients Uptake
in Newly Developed Rice
(Oryza sativa L.) Genotype
Nizamuddin Depar Evaluating Zinc
Department of Soil Biofortification Potential of
95 Science, Sindh Agriculture Salt Tolerant and Sensitive 121
University Tandojam Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Genotypes
Syeda Summiya Analysis of Comparison
Institute of Plant Sciences, between Zinc Soil and
University of Sindh Foliar Application to
96 122
Jamshoro, Pakistan Improve Zinc
Biofortification of Coarse
Rice
Raja Waqar Ahmed Khan Evaluating Soil Carbon
97 123
Department of Botany, The Sequestration and
18
University of Azad Jammu Physicochemical Dynamics

and Kashmir, King in Subtropical Pine and
Abdullah Campus, Mixed Forest Ecosystems
Muzaffarabad of Muzaffarabad:
Implications for Climate
Change Mitigation and
Sustainable Development
Safdar Hussain Role of Nitrogen
Department of Agronomy, Application to Improve the
98 Ghazi University, Dera Radiation use Efficiency 124
Ghazi Khan and Quality of Cotton
Gossipum hirsutum L.
Plant Physiology and Stress Physiology
Tour Jan Assessing Lead and

Department of Botany, Cadmium Tolerance of
University of Chenopodium
99 Malakand,Chakdara, ambrosioides During 125
Khyber Micropropagation: An In-
Pakhtunkhwa Depth Qualitative and
Quantitative Analysis
Fareeha Shireen Acclimation of Fruit Crops
National Key Laboratory for to Climate Change-Induced
Germplasm Innovation Stresses: A
100 and Utilization of Comprehensive Review 125
Horticultural Crops,
Huazhong Agricultural
University, Wuhan,China
Ayesha Khalid Proline Induced Changes
Institute of Botany, in Cellular Redox Balance
Bahauddin Zakariya by Modulating
University, Multan Photosystem-II and
101 126
Antioxidant Activity under
Salinity Stress in Bread
Wheat (Triticum Aestivum
L.)
Nawishta Saleem Ascorbic Acid-Mediated
Institute of Botany, Enhancement of
Bahauddin Zakariya Antioxidants and
102 University Multan Photosynthetic Efficiency: 127
A Strategy for Enhancing
Canola Yield under Salt
Stress
Faiza Javed Effect of Ecofriendly
Department of Botany, Hydrogels on Oryza sativa
103 128
Lahore College for Women L. under Water Stress
University, Lahore
Ahsan Ayyaz Hexavalent Chromium
104 129
Institute of Crop Science, Uptake and its Effects on
19
Ministry of Agriculture and Mineral Nutrients Status,

Rural Affairs Key Photosynthesis and Key
Laboratory of Metabolites Related to
Spectroscopy Sensing, Amino acids and Glactose
Zhejiang University, Metabolism in Brassica
Hangzhou 310058, China napus
105 Rehana Sardar Role of Polyethylene

Institute of Botany, Glycol to Alleviate Lead
130
University of the Punjab, Stress in Raphanus sativus
Lahore
Muhammad Iqbal Influence of CuO
Department of Botany, Nanoparticles on
University of Okara, Okara Photosystem II Structural
106 130
Stability and Functional
Activity of Corn (Zea mays
L.) under Drought Stress
Muhammad Umar Physiological Screening of
Education and Literacy Some Sunflower
107 Department, GOS Genotypes Against Abiotic 131
University of Karachi, Stress
Karachi
Neelam Shahzadi Comparative Physiological
Department of Botany, The Responses to Antibiotic
108 Women University Multan Stress in Radish 132
(Raphanus sativus L.) and
Turnip (Brassica rapa L.)
Abdul Hameed Redox Priming of Seeds to
Institute of Sustainable Ameliorate Salinity
109 Halophyte Utilization , Tolerance of Plants for 133
University of Karachi, Saline Agriculture: Efficacy
Karachi and Mechanistic Insights
Sonia Bano Effect of Humic acid on
Institute of Sustainable Seed germination and
110 Halophyte Utilization Seedling growth of Sub- 134
University of Karachi, Tropical Halophyte
Karachi
Noor Fatima Drought and Salinity
Government College for Induced Alterations in
111 135
Women Saudabad, Malir, Growth and Ecophysiology
Karachi of Phragmites karka
Sehar Shaheen Evaluating the Efficacy of
Government College Melatonin seed priming
112 Women University, technique in Alleviation of 135
Faisalabad Drought Stress in Bread
Wheat
Wajeeha Yaseen Menadiol diacetate
113 Baba Guru Nanak mediated subcellular Cd 136
University, Nankana Sahib accumulation and nutrients
20
uptake alleviates Cd
toxicity and increases
growth and yield of
summer squash
Khizar Hayat Bhatti Interaction of Cadmium,
Department of Botany, Copper and Salicylic Acid
114 University of Gujrat, Gujrat on Physiological 137
Parameters in Two
Varieties of Pea
Yumna Rasheed Interactive Effects of GA3-
Department of Botany, The biochar and Alga-based
Islamia University of Titanium Oxide
115 138
Bahawalpur Nanoparticles on Growth
and Physiological Traits of
Maize under Copper Stress
Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed Environmental Regulation
Institute of Sustainable in Tissue Specific Ion
116 Halophytes Utilization Distribution and Salt 139
(MAK-ISHU), University of Secretion of Coastal Grass
Karachi Karachi Urochondasetulosa
Muhammad Ubaidullah Assessing Salt Tolerance
Shirazi in Some Synthetic Lines of
Nuclear Institute of Wheat (Triticum
117 139
Agriculture (NIA), aestivium L.) at Early
Tandojam, Pakistan Seedling Stage
Kiran Nazir Lead And Chromium

The Women University Stress Effect on Growth
118 Multan and Biochemical Attributes 140
of Various Quinoa
Accessions
Fozia Saeed Determination of
Institute of Molecular Physiological and
Biology and Biotechnology Biochemical Response of
Bahauddin Zakariya Maize Inbred Lines for
119 141
University, Multan Resistance Against
Mechanical Wounding and
Spodoptera Frugiperda
Infestation
Fahad Shafiq Nano-enabled Strategies in
Department of Botany Agriculture: Enhancing
120 Government College Plant Growth, Mineral 142
University Lahore Nutrition and Stress
Resilience
Syed Mazhar Irfan Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Department of Botany Nanoparticles Ameliorate
121 University of Gujrat, Hafiz the Drastic Effects of 142
Hayat Campus, Gujrat Cadmium Heavy Metal by
Activating Physiological
21
and Antioxidant Activities in

Chilli Plant
Sherien Bukhat Modulation of Photosystem
Institute of Molecular II Activity by WRKY
122 Biology and Biotechnology Transcription Factors in 143
Bahauddin Zakariya Arabidopsis Thaliana
University, Multan
Sunnia Afzal Ferulic Acid-Induced
Department of Botany, Modulation in
Government College Photosynthesis, Redox
123 University, Faisalabad Homeostasis, and 144
Osmolyte Accumulation in
Barley (Hordeum vulgare
L.) under Chromium Stress
Zunaira Yaqoob Aspartic Acid Nano-
Department of Botany, Magnetite Mediated
124 Government College Changes in Growth and 145
University Lahore Grain Yield of Salt-
Stressed Wheat
Sadaf Mehfooz Effects of Root-Zone
Department of Botany Applied Nano-Iron Oxides
125 Government College on Wheat Root Phenotypic 145
University Lahore Characteristics under Salt
Stress
Shabana Memon Genetic Diversity in
Department of Plant Various Elite Rice
126 Breeding & Genetics, Genotypes under Salt 146
Sindh Agriculture Stress
University, Tando Jam
Aqsa Jabeen Effect of Water Stress on
PMAS Arid Agriculture Growth and Carbohydrates
127 University Rawalpindi Metabolism in Drought 147
Tolerance and Drought
Sensitive Wheat Genotype
Anam Qureshi Physio Biochemical
Islamia University Response of Zeamays
128 Bahawalpur Seedlings under Heavy 147
Metal Lead with DTPA
Biochar
Samina Tanwir Jasmonic Acid and
Integrated Genomic, Salicylic Acid Improved
Developmental and Resistance
Biotechnology Laboratory, Against Spodoptera
129 148
Department of Entomology, frugiperda Infestation in
University of Agriculture Maize by Modulating
Faisalabad Growth and Regulating
Redox Homeostasis
Abrar Ahmad Crocin derived from saffron
130 149
Department of Botany, (Crocus sativus L.)
22
Government College stimulates growth and

University, Faisalabad secondary metabolism in
turnip (Brassica rapa L.)
plants subjected to saline
stress
Plant Taxonomy and Ethnobotany
Ömer KILIÇ
Contribution of Yaylakonak
Adıyaman University,
131 Town Flora (Adıyaman- 151
Faculty of Pharmacy,
Centre)
Adıyaman, Türkiye
Anjum Perveen Palynological study of the
Centre for Plant genus Saussurea and
132 151
Conservation, University of allied genera from Pakistan
Karachi, Karachi and Kashmir
Andleeb Anwar Sardar Palynomorphic
Department of Botany, GC Assessment of
133 University Lahore Herbaceous Flora of Tehsil 152
Pakpattan, Punjab
Pakistan
Uneeba Roshin Cultivation and
Department of Botany, Morphological
University of Azad Jammu Characterization of Stevia
134 153
& Kashmir Mzd rebaudiana (Bertoni)
Grown in District
Muzaffarabad
Lal Badshah Phytodiversity
Phyto-ecology Lab. Conservation and
135 Department of Botany, Ethnomedical Evaluation of 153
University of Peshawar, Plants of Alpine Peatland
Peshawar Broghil Valley, Chitral
Rubina Abid Cypsela Morphology and
Department of Botany, its Significance for the
University of Karachi, Taxonomic Delimitation of
136 144
Karachi the Genus Saussurea DC.
(S. Str.) and its Allied
Genera
Sana Riaz Leaf Architectural Study
Department of Botany, within Some
137 University of Karachi, Papilionaceous Herbs of 155
Karachi Pakistan and its
Taxonomic Significance
Muhammada Jabeen Morphological and
Institute of Botany, Quaid- molecular characterization
e-Azam Campus, Lahore of Uromyces hedysari-
138 obscuri, causing rust 155
disease on
Hedysarumfalconeri in
Northern Pakistan
23
Zara Fatima Phytochemical Screening

Islamia University of of Selected Cholistani
139 Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur Plants and Their Biological 156
Activities by In-Vitro
Assays
Muhammad Ejaz Ul Islam Diversity and Distribution
Dar Pattern of Orchids in
Department of Botany, western Himalayas,
140 157
University of Azad Jammu Kashmir Pakistan
and Kashmir,
Muzaffarabad
Muhammad Umer Farooq RbcLa Marker-based
Awan Identification and
Government College Phylogenetic Analysis of
University, Lahore Kasuri methi (Trigonella
141 158
foenum‐graecum L.): A
Native Plant of Kasur
District of Punjab
(Pakistan)
Plants for Industrial Products/ Medicinal Plants/
Pharmacognosy
Farrukh Bashir Banana peel as an
Department of Chemistry, ecofriendly biosorbent in
142 160
SBK, Women’s University, dye removal: Methyl
Quetta orange
Qurat Ul Ain Hyder Wild Plants as Natural
Department of Botany, The Biostimulants: A Study on
143 160
Women University Multan their Impact on Maize
Growth
Andleeb Anwar Sardar Synthesis and Biological
Department of Botany GC Applications of Silver
144 161
University Lahore Nanoparticles from Leaves
of Centella asiatica L.
Ayesha Khursheed Traditional Knowledge and
Biological Activities of
145 Indigenous Herbal Teas 162
used in District Poonch,
Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Asma Ahmed Formononetin from Glycine
Institute of Molecular max (L.) Merr) Seeds as
Biology and Biotechnology, Promisıng Organo-
The University of Lahore, protective Intervention in
146 162
Lahore Letrozole-induced
Polycystıc Ovarian
Syndrome Sprague Dawley
Rats
Afaq Akram In Silico-based Drug
147 Institute of Molecular Discovery Approach for 163
Biology and Biotechnology, Abietadiene from Pinus
24
The University of Lahore, roxburghii (L.) Leaves as

Lahore Anti- frostbite Agent
Noman Khaliuque Effect of Fatty Acids from
RANI Omico-Informatics Selected Plants on Poultry
148 164
Foods (PVT) Limited, Protein: In Silico and in
Lahore Vivo Approaches
Remote Sensing in Plants
Hamayun Shaheen Assessing Forest Cover
Department of Botany, Dynamics in the State of
University of Azad Jammu Azad Jammu and Kashmir:
149 and Kashmir Muzaffarabad A Spatio-Temporal 165
Analysis from 1990 io 2020
using Remote Sensing and
GIS
Sustainable Agriculture
Ejaz Hussain Plant Sciences: Unlocking
University of Cambridge, Entrepreneurial
150 166
Downing Street, Opportunities for a
Cambridge Sustainable Future
Saqib Mahmood Poultry Feathers
Government College Decomposed by UV-
University Faisalabad Mutated Bacillus subtilis
151 with Better N/C Improved 166
Fiber Quality and
Chromium Stress
Tolerance in Cotton
Rida Batool Exploring Strategies to
Department of Plant Enhance Wheat Diversity
152 167
Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam for Sustainable Agriculture
University Islamabad in a Fluctuating Climate
Muhammad Razaq Stage Specific Drought
Department Of Stress in Canola, Brassica
153 Entomology, Bahauddin napus L. Affects Population 168
Zakariya University, Multan Dynamics of Aphids and its
Yield
Muhammad Razaq Effects of wheat canola
Department Of intercropping on hexapods
154 169
Entomology, Bahauddin density and diversity
Zakariya University, Multan
Ansar Mehmood Green-Synthesized Metal
Department of Botany Nanoparticles: A Boon for
155 170
University of Poonch Sustainable Bio- and Agro-
Rawalakot Applications
25
List of Abstracts INCPS-2024 for Poster Presentations
Poster Presentations
No. Agricultural sciences, Agronomy, horticulture Pp.
Atiqa Aleem Anthocyanins and Carotenoids

Institute of Horticultural Production by Cell Suspension
1 171
Sciences, University of Cultures in Carrot Cultivars
Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Qurra-tul-ain Modern Landscape Leading to
Institute of Horticultural Sustainable Urban
2 171
Sciences, University of Environment
Agriculture, Faisalabad
Abida Aziz Effect of Tamarixaphylla and
Department of Botany, Suaedafruticosa as
3 172
The Women University Biostimulants on Growth of
Multan Wheat
Abida Aziz Effect of Aqueous Extracts of
Department of Botany, Cassia senna L. and
4 173
The Women University Achyranthes aspera L. on
Multan Growth and Yield of Wheat
Abida Aziz Effect of Aqueous Extracts of
Department of Botany, Cenchrus ciliaris and
5 The Women University Convolvulus prostratus as 173
Multan Biostimulating agent on
Growth of Wheat
Abida Aziz Phytotoxicity and uptake of
Department of Botany, chlortetracycline in commonly
6 174
The Women University grown vegetables
Multan
Abida Aziz Effect of Seed Priming With
Department of Botany, Aqueous Extracts of Meliolotus
The Women University officinalis and
7 175
Multan Heliotropiumstrigosum on
Germination and Growth of
Maize
Sonia Safdar Computational Modeling and
Institute of Botany, Comparative Analysis of
8 Bahauddin Zakariya Polyporusumbellatus (Pers.) 177
University, Multan Fries Lectin and its Sugar
Complex
Muhammad Aaftab Bioinformatics-guided
Bahauddin Zakariya approach for pollen allergy
9 178
University Multan therapy of Olea europaea L.
Pakistan Ole e 1 allergen
Sumaira Rubbani In-silico Modeling, Molecular
10 Department of Botany, Docking and In- 178
University of Okara, vitroAntibacterial Activity of
26
Okara Napin Seed Protein from

Eruca sativa L.
Sohaib Mehmood Crystal structure of Kunitz-type

Institute of Botany, trypsin inhibitor: Entomotoxic
Bahauddin Zakariya effect of native and
11 179
University, Multan, encapsulated protein targeting
gut trypsin of
Triboliumcastaneum Herbst
Sayra Ishaq Bhatti In-silico Analysis of Morchella
Institute of Botany, conicaPers. H-type Lectin and
12 Bahauddin Zakariya GalNAc Complex for 180
University, Multan Understanding Cancer
Therapy
Tazeen Rao Structural Analysis, Molecular
Department of Docking and Dynamics of an
13 Biochemistry, Entomotoxic Lectin from 181
Bahauddin Zakariya Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Seeds
University, Multan
Ahsan Saeed Evolution of Liquid Dense
Institute of Botany, Clusters toward Crystallization
14 Bahauddin Zakariya Area C, C2.2 Exploring 182
University Multan emergence in biological
macromolecules condensates
Madiha Habib Microbial Consortium of
Soil and Environmental Cyanobacteria and Arbuscular
15 184
biotechnology division, Mycorrhizal Fungus Enhance
NIBGE-C Faisalabad the yield of Wheat crop
Tahir Naqqash Characterization of Plant
Institute of Molecular Growth-Promoting
Biology and Rhizobacteria with Biocontrol
16 185
Biotechnology, Potential Against Rhizoctonia
Bahauddin Zakariya sp.
University, Multan
Saira Sameen Isolation and Activity Assays of
Department of Life Some Antimicrobial Agents
Sciences, Khwaja from Syzygium aromaticum L.
Freed University of
17 185
Engineering and
Information
Technology, Rahim Yar
Khan
Mycology, Plant Pathology, Disease Management
Ishrat Jahan A Survey- Based Study of
Department of Botany, Root Rot Diseases of Guar
18 187
University of Karachi, (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in
Karachi Sindh
27
Hizbullaha A Study of Fungal

Department of Botany, Pathogens in Dhakki
19 Shah Abdul Latif Date Palm Trees in 187
University, Khairpur Tounsa Shareef,
Pakistan
Tanveer Hussain Identification of Microfungi
Department of Botany, from Different Types of Water
20 Azad Jammu & Samples Collected from 188
Kashmir University of District Bhimber Azad Kashmir
Bhimbe, Bhimber
Tanveer Hussain Responses of Fungal Stresses
Department of Botany, and Climatic Impact on Growth
21 Azad Jammu & and Yield of Cicer Arietinum in 189
Kashmir University of District Bhimber, Azad
Bhimbe, Bhimber Kashmir
Tanveer Hussain Allelopathic Impact of Selected
Department of Botany, Weeds on Growth and Yield
22 Azad Jammu & Parameters of Wheat Grown in 190
Kashmir University of District Bhimber, Azad
Bhimbe, Bhimber Kashmir
Tanveer Hussain Antifungal Activity of
Department of Botany, Euphorbia helioscopia,
Azad Jammu & Fumaria indica and Anagallis
23 Kashmir University of arvensis Subsp. Foemina 190
Bhimbe, Bhimber Collected from Sokasan
District Bhimber, Azad
Kashmir
Tanveer Hussain Phytochemical Screening and
Department of Botany, Antifungal Activity of Silene
24 Azad Jammu & Conoidea Collected from 191
Kashmir University of Samahni Azad Kashmir
Bhimbe, Bhimber
Sana Munir In Vitro Propagation of
Plant Breeding and Sugarcane Mitigating Effect of
Genetics Division, Sugarcane White Leaf
25 192
Nuclear Institute of Disease
Agriculture (NIA),
Tando Jam
Ishtiaq Haider Screening of Cucumber
Department of Plant Germplasm for Resistance to
Pathology, University of Cucumber Mosaic Virus,
26 193
Agriculture Faisalabad Correlation of Disease with
Environmental Factors and its
Management Strategies
Luqman Amrao Evaluation of Berseem
Department of Plant Germplasm and Various
27 194
Pathology, University of Chemicals for Management of
Agriculture Faisalabad Stem and Crown Rot Disease
28
and Its Epidemiology

Luqman Amrao Management of Downy Mildew
Department of Plant of Cucumber in Relation to
28 195
Pathology, University of Epidemiological Factors
Maria Fayyaz Biochar for Nematode Control
Department of Plant in Vegetable Crops
29 195
Pathology, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad
Photosynthesis and Crop Productivity
Hira Anwar Ansari Assessment of Growth, Yield
Institute of Botany, and Some Physiological
30 Bahauddin Zakariya Attributes of Selected F7 197
University, Multan Wheat Lines from a Cross S-
24 × Fsd-08
Rabea Asghar Systematic Study of
Institute of Botany, Prokaryotic Blue-Green Algae
31 Bahauddin Zakariya (Cyanobacteria) Based on 198
University, Multan Dichotomy of Morphological
Characteristics
Farhana Majeed Docking-based Therapeutic
Institute of Botany, Analysis of Maize Cysteine
32 Bahauddin Zakariya Proteinase 1 and LOX-1 199
University, Multan Complex Against
Atherosclerosis
Muskan Nadeem Epidemiological Analysis of
Department of Botany, Autism Spectrum Disorder in
33 200
Women University the Children of District
Swabi Swabi,KP, Pakistan
Amna Sadiq Spatio-temporal Expression of
Institute of Botany, Cry2A Protein in Some Bt-
34 Bahauddin Zakariya Cotton Varieties and their 200
University Multan Comparative Study for
Drought Tolerance
Ramiz Raja Identification and
Institute of Botany, Characterization of Some
35 Bahauddin Zakariya PGPR Strains Isolated from 201
University Multan Some Grasses of Cholistan
Desert
Sana Batool Phytosociological Study of
Quaid- i- Azam Weeds in (Saccharum
36 University Islamabad, officinarum L.) Crop Fields of 203
Pakistan. Union Council Bagh, District
Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
29

Mehwish Riaz Characterization of Wheat
Department of Plant Genotypes for Some
37 breeding & Genetics, Morphological Traits to 203
Ghazi University, Dera Improve Yield
Ghazi Khan
Saba Abdul Ghaffar Unravelling the Combining
Institute of Botany, Ability of S-24 and Linxia 06-
38 Bahauddin Zakariya 43 for Agronomic Trait of 203
University, Multan Spike and Grain Yield in cv. S-
24 and cv. Linxia 06-43
Safia Khushi Genome-Wide Association
Institute of Plant Study (GWAS) on Novel Leaf
Breeding and Traits (NLTS) in Wheat
39 204
Biotechnology, MNS
University of Agriculture
Multan
Sarah Ambreen Effectiveness of exogenous
Institute of Botany, proline through priming in
Bahauddin Zakariya reversing salt damages to
40 206
University Multan growth of wheat (Triticum
aestivum) plants as well as
excised leaves
Waresha Javed Identification of Mode of Action
Institute of Botany, of Photosynthetic Herbicide,
Bahauddin Zakariya Atrazine, on Wheat (Triticum
41 207
University Multan aestivum L.) by Chlorophyll a
Fluorescence Analysis and
Molecular Docking Study
Waresha Javed Influence of Exogenous
Institute of Botany, Application of Omeprazole on
Bahauddin Zakariya Water Status and
42 208
University Photosynthetic Capacity of
Maize (Zea mays L.) under
Drought Stress
Misbah Amir
Institute of Pure and Omeprazole Alleviated
Applied Biology, Adverse Impacts of Drought in
43 Maize (ZeamaysL.): A Nexus 209
Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan of Dynamics of Water Balance
and Photosystem II Activity
Misbah Amir
Institute of Botany, The Battle for survival:
Bahauddin Zakariya Application of FTIR
44 Spectroscopy linked with 209
University, Multan
Physiology in Maize under
Drought stress
30
Khalid Bilal Varietal screening of Canola

Institute of Botany, (Brassica napus L.) and
45 210
Bahauddin Zakariya agronomic and physiological
University, Multan responses under lead toxicity
Sibgha Noreen Improve Tolerance in Barley
Institute of Botany, (Hordeum vulgare L.) via
Bahauddin Zakariya Application of Green
46 211
University, Multan Synthesized Silicon
Nanoparticles under Water
Deficit Condition
Kinza Ramzan Influence of Foliar Application
Institute of Botany, of Nanoparticles on cabbage
University of the Grown in Activated Biochar
47 212
Punjab, Lahore Amended Soil under Drought
Stress
Zarghoona Naz Bridging Growth and

Institute of Botany, Sustainability: Biochar's
University of the Impact on Yield and Water
48 212
Punjab, Lahore Dynamics in Diverse Maize
Hybrids under Natural Field
Conditions
Hafeez Ullah Influence of Sugarcane
Institute of Botany, Industrial Effluent as an
Bahauddin Zakariya Alternate Source of Irrigation
49 University Multan on Various Parameters like 213
Growth, Chlorophyll Contents
and Antioxidants on Various
Canola Varieties
Aqsa Razzaq Intractive Effect of Co-
Islamia university composted Biochar on
50 Bahawalpur Ameliorating Drought Stress 214
on Different Zea mays
Varieties
Aysha Akbar Growth, Water Relation, and
Institute of Botany, Photosynthesis of Canola
51 215
Bahauddin Zakariya (Brassica napus L.) as
University, Multan Influenced by Nickel Stress
Muhammad Aqib
Plant Physiology Abiotic Stress Tolerance in
52 Division, Nuclear Wheat 215
Institute of Agriculture,
Tando Jam
Haiqa Khalid Influence of Polyvinyl Chloride
Institute of Botany, Microplastics on Growth,
53 Bahauddin Zakariya Photosynthetic Pigments and 216
University, Multan Antioxidant enzymes in Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) Crop
54 Hunza Fatima Effect of Foliar Fertigation of 217
31
Institute of Botany, Silicon on Lipid Peroxidation,

Bahauddin Zakariya Photosynthetic Attributes and
University, Multan Activities of Antioxidant
Enzymes under Cadmium
Stress on Canola (Brassica
napus L.) Crop
Shamsa Kanwal The Integrative Effect of Zinc
Institute of Botany, Oxide-Nanoparticles and
Bahauddin Zakariya Biochar on Turnip (Brassica
55 218
University, Multan napus L.) and Radish
(Raphanus sativus L.) under
Drought Stress
Shamsa Kanwal Influence of Foliar Fertigation
Institute of Botany, of Ascorbic Acid on Physio-
Bahauddin Zakariya Biochemical Attributes of
56 218
University, Multan Safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L.) under Drought
Stress Condition
Zahra Ijaz Improving Resistance Against
Institute of Botany, Multiple Abiotic Stresses via
Bahauddin Zakariya Inoculation of Growth
57 University, Multan Promoting Bacterium 219
Enterobacter cloacae on
Safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L.)
Sawera Boosting Wheat Growth and
Institute of Botany, Photosynthetic Efficiency with
58 Bahauddin Zakariya Proline Applied through the 220
University, Multan Rooting Medium
Shehzadi Saima Agro-Morphological,

Institute of Botany, Physiological and Yield
Bahauddin Zakariya Related Performances of
59 221
University, Multan Sarson (Brassica campestris
L.) Evaluated for Nickel Stress
Resistance
Shehzadi Saima
Institute of Botany, Impact of Salt Stress on
60 Bahauddin Zakariya Physiology, Biochemical and 221
University, Multan Yield Attributes on Varieties of
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Hafeez Ullah Influence of Sugarcane
Institute of Botany, Industrial Effluent as an
Bahauddin Zakariya Alternate Source of Irrigation
61 University Multan on Various Parameters like 222
Growth, Chlorophyll Contents
and Antioxidants on Various
Canola Varieties
62 Ali Shan Assessing the Influence of 223
32
Institute of Botany GA3 Seed Priming in

Bahauddin Zakriya Improving Performance of
University Multan Maize (Zea mays) under
Pakistan Moisture Deficit
Abdur Rehman Role of Polyethylene Glycol
Institute of Botany, (PEG 6000) Seed Priming in
63 Bahauddin Zakariya Lessening the Adversarial 224
University, Multan Influence of Drought in
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Kakaish Raees Effect of Nitrate Ammonium
Institute of Botany, Ratios on Growth and
64 Bahauddin Zakariya Photosynthetic Capacity of 225
University, Multan Sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L.)
Noor-ul-ain Influence of
Institute of Botany, Phosphorous
Bahauddin Zakariya Deficiency on
65 University, Multan Functional Activity of 226
PSII and Electron
Transport of Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis L.
Urooj Fatima Changes in Growth and
Institute of Botany, Macronutrient uptake in
Bahauddin Zakariya Trigonella corniculate L.
66 227
University Multan Grown under Rhizospheric
Contamination by
Microplastics
Abdul Aleem A Comparative Study of Two
Institute of Botany, Species of Family Solanaceae
67 227
Bahauddin Zakariya
University Multan
Muhammad Jamshaid Temporal Variation in
Institute of Botany, Productivity Traits of Two
Bahauddin Zakariya, Leafy Vegetables Grown
68 University Multan under Independent and 228
Combined Stress of Essential
and Non-
Essential Growth Elements
Muhammad Saqlain Evaluating the Effects of GA3
Khadim Seed Priming in Improving the
69 Institute of Botany, Adverse Effect of Drought in 229
Bahauddin Zakariya, Sunflower (Helianthus annus)
University Multan
Ume Amara Liaqat Modulation of Growth in Newly
Institute of Botany, Developed Germplasm of
70 Bahauddin Zakariya Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum 230
University Multan L.) and Maize (Zea mays)
Supplemented with
33
Exogenous Moringa oleifera L.

Foliage Extract
Farva Rubab Does Dependent Relationship
Institute of Botany, Between Polystyrene
71 Bahauddin Zakariya Microplastic Pollution and 230
University Multan Early Establishment of Cicer
arientinumL.
Sadia Bilal Osmoregulatory Role of Root
Institute of Botany, Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabara
Bahauddin Zakariya L. In Lagenaria Siceraria L.
72 231
University Multan Plants Grown under Moderate
and Severe Moisture
Deficit Conditions
Iram Batool Risk Assessment of Microplastics
Institute of Botany, (MPs) Pollution Through Defensive
73 231
Bahauddin Zakariya Strategies in Sorghum
University Multan (Sorghumbicolor L.)
Kiran Shahzadi Exogenous Application of
Institute of Botany, Omeprazole to Induce Drought
74 232
Bahauddin Zakariya Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays
University, Multan L.)
Misbah Sehar Impact of Drought on Growth,
Department of Botany, Photosynthetic Pigments and
75 Punjab College Mian Chlorophyll Fluorescence of 233
Channu Two Maize (Zea mays L.)
Varieties
Tahira Hafeez Unlocking the potential of co-
Islamia university applied AMF and plant
76 bahawalpur, Pakistan meditated Magnesium 234
nanoparticles on cauliflower
growth under salt stress
Aghna Javed Influence of Potassium
Institute of Botany, Deficiency on Growth,
77 Bahauddin Zakariya Photosynthetic Efficiency of 234
University Multan Potential Oilseed Crop Til
(Sesamum indicum L.)
Sania Faiz Role of Aqueous Infusion of
Institute of Botany, Processed Leaves of Camelia
Bahauddin Zakariya sinensis L. in Growth
78 University Multan Promotion of Abelmoschus 235
esculentus L. Plants after
Exposure to Elevated Barium
Levels
Nimra Iqbal Potential of Menthol as Growth
Institute of Botany, Promoting Agent in Some
79 Bahauddin Zakariya Summer Vegetable Species of 236
University Multan the Family Cucurbitaceae
Under Drought Stress
34
Hafiz Mohkum Ameliorating the Effects of

Hammad Drought Stress on Morpho-
Department of physiological, Antioxidants
Agronomy, Faculty of Activity and Yield Components
Agriculture and of Maize through Biostimulants
80 236
Environmental Application
Sciences, Muhammad
Nawaz Shareef
University of
Agriculture, Multan
Samra Batool Oxidative stress induced by
Institute of Botany, changing moisture content of
Bahauddin Zakariya soil in Luffa aegyptiacaMill,
81 237
University Multan and antioxidative capacity of
tea leaves using time gradient
extraction method
Shahnaz Bibi Antioxidative Capacity of
Institute of Botany Cinnamon extract in reducing
Bahauddin Zakariya adverse effects of aluminum
82 238
University Multan toxicity in Cucurbita maxima L.
plants
Qudsia Batool Alleviation of metal toxicity by

Institute of Botany, cellulosic and lignin-derived
83 Bahauddin Zakariya material in a medicinal herb 239
University Multan (Coriandrum sativum L.) under
exceeding levels of Aluminum
Tariq Aziz Effects of Exogenously
Institute of Botany, Applied Proline through
84 240
Bahauddin Zakariya different modes on growth and
University, Multan photosynthesis of Wheat
Muhammad Salim Exploring PGPB Mediated
Akhter Chromium Detoxification by
85 Institute of Botany, Antioxidant Defence System in 240
Bahauddin Zakariya Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
University Multan
Sawera Effects of Proline Application
Institute of Botany, through Rooting Medium on
Bahauddin Zakariya Water Status, Photosynthetic
86 University, Multan Pigments, PSII-activity, and 241
Electron Transport Efficiency
of Wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.) under Salt Stress
Neha Effect of Chromium on Growth
Department of Botany, and Biochemical Attributes of
87 242
University of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Agriculture, Faisalabd
Amna Ehsan Effect of Biochar on PSI and
88 243
Institute of Botany, PSII Activity of Luffa
35
Bahauddin Zakariya aegyptiaca (Sponge gourd)

University, Multan under Drought Stress
Aneela Kanwal Growth Improvement in Wheat
Shahzadi (Triticum aestivum L.) due to
Institute of Botany, Exogenous Proline is
89 244
Bahauddin Zakariya Associated with Regulation of
University, Multan Donor End of PSII and Cyclic
Electron Transport
Shehrooz Afzal Impact of Phosphorous
Institute of Botany, Application on Electron
Bahauddin Zakariya Transport Chain rate (OJIP) in
90 245
University, Multan Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
and Canola (Brassica napus
L.)
Zahra Falak Influence of Aerial Fertigation
Institute of Botany, of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on
91 Bahauddin Zakariya Some Winter Vegetables to 246
University, Multan Alleviate Drought Stress
Condition
Halima Nawaz Screening of Wheat
HEC Genotypes Using Growth and
92 Physiological Attributes at 246
Seedling Stage under Drought
Stress
Nazar Hussain Improving Drought Tolerance
Institute of Botany, in Brinjal (Solanum
93 Bahauddin Zakariya melongena) by Foliar 247
University, Multan Application of Biochar
Emission Solution
Hamida Akbar Effect of Exogenous
Institute of Botany, Application of Nano-Biochar
94 Bahauddin Zakariya on Growth and Physiological 248
University, Multan Responses of Corn (Zea Mays
L.) under Water Stress
Hafiza Saima Gul Screening and Selection at All
Institute of Botany, Developmental Stages: A
95 249
Bahauddin Zakariya Prerequisite for Optimizing
University, Multan Plant Performance
Azra Manzoor Physio –Anatomical
Institute of Botany, Adaptations Among Different
Bahauddin Zakariya Accessions of
96 250
University, Multan cenchrusciliarisL. Collected
from Cholistan and Thal
Deserts
Reema Yousuf Assessment of Physiological
Institute of Botany, Basis of Salt Tolerance in
97 250
Bahauddin Zakariya Luffa aegyptica Mill.
University, Multan
36
Hamdia Mujahid Response of

Institute of Botany, Cuscutareflexaroxb Extract on
98 251
Bahauddin Zakariya Barley Crop under Hg Stress
University, Multan
Syeda Tatheer Fatima Flooding and Drought Induced
Naqvi Morphological Response of
Department of Botany, Soybean (Glycine max)
99 252
University of Azad Seedlings Grown in
Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu
And Kashmir
Samreen Effects of Poultry Manure as
Department of Botany, an Ecofriendly Soil Fertilizer
100 252
The Women University for Maize (Zea mays L.) Crop
Multan, Pakistan
Syeda Sabika Zahra Adaptive Anatomy and
Naqvi Physiology of
Department of Botany, WithaniaSomnifera (L.)
101 253
Division of Science and DUNAL Under Different
Technology, University Environmental Conditions
of Education, Lahore
Taskeen Arshad Prospective of Medium-
Department of Botany, Supplemented Thiourea to
Government Sadiq Attenuate Heat Stress by
102 254
College Women Improving Growth, Gas
University, Bahawalpur Exchange and Mineral
Attributes of Maize Hybrids
Sarosh Saleem Photosynthetic Performance
Department of Botany, Enhanced as an Ameliorative
103 Lahore College for Effect of Ascorbic Acid on 254
Women University, Brassica napus L. under the
Lahore Influence of NaCl Stress
Hafsa Amin Improving Resistance Against
Institute of Botany, Cadmium Stress by Foliar
104 Bahauddin Zakariya Fertigation of Ascorbic Acid on 255
University, Multan Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
Plants
Hafeeza Amna Saleem Morus macroura Miq. &Morus
Institute of Botany, cathayanaHemsl.;
University of the Two Monophyletic Morus
105 Punjab, Lahore Species Identified and 257
Confirmed by Phenetic and
Phylogenetic Analysis in
Pakistan
Sibgha Noreen
106 Institute of Botany, 258
Bahauddin Zakariya Nanoparticles as
Nanofertilizers: The Key to
37
University Multan Unlocking Sustainable

Agricultural Productivity
Muqadas Naeem Sustainable Remediation of
The Islamia University cadmium contaminated soil:
107 258
Bahawalpur Boosting wheat growth with
magnetic Biochar and Ectoine
Tehreem Ghafoor Mitigation of Drought Stress by
Institute of Botany, Foliar Spray of ZnO
108 259
Bahauddin Zakariya Nanoparticles in Wheat
University, Multan (Triticum aestivum)
Waqas Razzaq Assessing the Growth of Rice
Department of Botany, (Oryza Sativa L.) Seedlings
109 University of under Two Different Levels of 259
Agriculture, Faisalabad Nitrogen using Hydroponic
System
Hafsa Fatima Making the Most of Under-
Department of Food utilized Plant Species to
Science and Improve Food Security
Technology, Faculty of
110 260
Food and Home
Sciences, MNS-
University of
Agriculture, Multan
Hafsa Fatima Using Plant Genetic Diversity
Department of Food to Create Food Systems
Science and Resistant to Climate Change
Technology, Faculty of
111 261
Food and Home
Sciences, MNS-
University of
Agriculture, Multan
Muntaha Munir Phragmites australis (Cav.)
Institute of Botany, and Lemna minor (L.) biochar:
112 University of the Sustainable Soil amelioration 262
Punjab, Lahore. and enhancement of Spinach
productivity
Aisha Nazir Valorizing Combustible and
Institute of Botany, Compostable Fractions of
University of the Municipal Solid Waste to
113 Punjab, Lahore Biochar and Compost as an 263
Alternative to Chemical
Fertilizer for Improving Soil
Health and Sunflower Yield
Lubaba Komal Optimizing Soil and Crop
Institute of Botany, Physiology through Activated
114 University of the Acacia Biochar under varying 263
Punjab, Lahore Irrigation Regimes and
cultivars for Sustainable
38
Wheat Cultivation
Haseeb Rafique Alleviation of Lead Stress on
Institute of Botany, Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Bahauddin Zakariya through the Application of
115 University, Multan Biochar Via Regulating the 264
Morpho-Physiological and
Antioxidant Defence
Mechanisms
Supplementary Abstracts
Sana Zaryab Effects of PGPR Inoculation
Institute of Botany, on Growth of Pearl Millet
116 Bahauddin Zakariya Grown Under Salt Stress 266
University, Multan
60800, Pakistan
Muhammad Jahanzaib Physiological survival
Rasool strategies in maize (Zea mays)
Institute of Botany, under drought stress
117 266
Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan
60800, Pakistan
Babar Joiya Biochar in mitigating adverse
Institute of Botany, impacts of drought on maize
118 Bahauddin Zakariya (Zea mays) 267
University, Multan
60800, Pakistan
Abida Aziz Estimation of Ciprofloxacin
Department of Botany, Phytotoxicity in Some Winter
Faculty of Life Vegetables
119 268
Sciences, The Women
University Multan,
Pakistan
Memuna Ghaffar An analysis of the
Department of Botany, Palynomorphs obtained from
120 GC University Lahore woody plants inhabited in 268
Tehsil Pakpattan, Punjab,
Pakistan
Shazia ParveenInstitute Genetic Diversity Assessment
of Botany, Bahauddin in Exotic Germplasm of Wheat
121 Zakariya University, (Triticum aestivum L.) using
Multan-Pakistan. Multivariate Analysis
39
INCPS-2024 Abstracts - International Invited Speakers
Plenary Lectures
INCPS-2024-54 Primary and Secondary Reaction of
Photosynthesis as Non-Invasive Indicators for the
Degree of Stress on the Plant
Hans-Werner Koyro
Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-
35392 Giessen, Germany.
Email: hans-werner.koyro@bot2.bio.uni-giessen.de
Photosynthesis, the cornerstone of plant life, is a complex process divided

into primary and secondary reactions. These reactions, sensitive to
environmental stresses, offer valuable insights into a plant's health. By
monitoring changes in these processes, researchers can non-invasively
assess the degree of stress a plant is experiencing. The primary reaction,
light-dependent, occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Light
energy is captured and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP
and NADPH. Stress factors, such as drought, salinity, or extreme
temperatures, can disrupt this process by damaging the photosynthetic
apparatus or limiting light absorption. By measuring chlorophyll
fluorescence, a non-invasive technique, researchers can evaluate the
efficiency of primary photochemistry and identify early signs of stress. A
decline in fluorescence parameters indicates reduced photosynthetic
efficiency and potential damage to photosystem II. The secondary reaction,
light-independent or Calvin cycle, takes place in the stroma. This phase
involves the fixation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds, utilizing the
energy from the primary reaction. Stress conditions can impair this process
by affecting enzyme activity, reducing carbon dioxide uptake, or altering the
balance of metabolites. Gas exchange measurements, another non-invasive
method, can assess the efficiency of carbon dioxide assimilation. A
decrease in stomatal conductance or net photosynthesis rate signifies
stress-induced limitations on carbon fixation. By combining measurements of
primary and secondary photosynthetic reactions, researchers can gain a
comprehensive understanding of a plant's stress response. For instance, a
decline in both fluorescence parameters and gas exchange rates suggests
severe stress affecting both light and dark reactions. Conversely, an isolated
reduction in gas exchange might indicate stomatal closure as a protective
mechanism against water loss, while the plant's photosynthetic machinery
remains relatively intact. The ability to monitor photosynthetic processes
non-invasively has significant implications for crop improvement. By
identifying stress-tolerant genotypes, breeders can develop cultivars better
equipped to withstand adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, real-
time monitoring of crop stress can optimize irrigation and fertilization
practices, leading to increased yields and resource efficiency. Ultimately,
understanding the relationship between photosynthesis and stress is crucial
for developing sustainable agricultural strategies in a changing climate.
40
INCPS-2024-99 Importance of Millets for Climate-Resilient

Agriculture and Food Security
Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207
Email: mhzsauag@yahoo.com
As global population surges, the need for food escalates accordingly.

Cereals currently account for nearly half of global calorie consumption.
However, expanding production of major cereals faces hurdles due to
increasing dry land areas and declining groundwater levels. In this context,
millet emerges as a critical player for global food security and sustainable
agriculture, especially in drought-prone and soil-depleted regions. Millet is a
nutrient-dense grain, offering essential proteins, dietary fiber, and key
minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium. It is also gluten-free, providing a
viable alternative for those with gluten intolerances. Its high fiber content
benefits digestive health and aids in blood sugar management, making it a
nutritious option for diabetics. Environmentally, millet is a low-impact crop,
requiring minimal water and resources. Millet's climate resilience is
noteworthy; it thrives in a range of ecological conditions, requires less
irrigation, and exhibits high productivity even in low-fertility soils. It also
shows less dependence on synthetic fertilizers and is less vulnerable to
environmental stresses. Nutritionally, millet outperforms other major cereals,
offering abundant dietary fiber, resistant starches, vitamins, essential amino
acids, storage proteins, and other beneficial phytonutrients. Given the
challenges of meeting the dietary needs of a growing global population and
the threats posed by climate change to agriculture, millet's adaptive traits are
invaluable. Unlike major cereals, millet possesses unique morphological,
molecular, and biochemical features that enhance its environmental stress
tolerance. Its impressive resistance to abiotic stressors like drought, salinity,
and temperature variations makes it a model species for studying stress
adaptation at multiple biological levels. Features like short stature, small leaf
area, thick cell walls, and robust root systems further equip millet to cope
with environmental stresses. Therefore, millet is increasingly recognized as a
next-generation crop with significant promise for bolstering global food
security and nutrition amid rising agricultural challenges and climate
uncertainties.
INCPS-2024-102 - Latest Developments in Serial Crystallography:

Applications in Structure Based Drug Discovery
Christian Betzel
Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Hamburg,
Germany
Email: christian.betzel@uni-hamburg.de
41
Due to the progress in medical and pharmaceutical research in recent years,

most diseases can now be identified and explained today at the molecular
level. This applies for example to infections caused by bacteria or viruses.
The corresponding complex molecular processes are mostly known in detail,
at the atomic level. With this knowledge molecular targets can be identified
and when their activity is inhibited a bacterium can be exterminated or
viruses can be prevented from multiplying. This procedure is called "drug
design". The method of high-resolution X-ray structure analysis is the
workhorse in drug discovery and drug design. Using structural X-ray analysis
at atomic resolution most suitable active substances can be identified bei X-
ray screening techniquzes according to the key (active substance) - lock
(target) principle, and further optimized. This search and optimization is
supported by modern computer programs once the 3D structure has been
identified. However, there is often a long way from the first identification to
application. Today, however, this path can be followed more efficiently by
carrying out so-called high-throughput searches of molecular libraries, with a
focus also on natural compound libraries and also using compounds that are
already approved as active drugs for the treatment of other diseases. This
procedure and application is named drug-repurposing. DESY in Hamburg,
Germany, with the modern and very intense X-ray sources as the PETRA III
storage ring, as well as the European X-ray laser EuXFEL, provide unique
and ideal conditions for structure based drug discovery. Latest procedures of
structure-based drug development will be presented and explained, using
examples from local corona-research activities and structural methods to
identify and design new antibiotic compounds.
INCPS-2024-55 Plantish: The Languages of Plants

Hazem M. Kalaji, Piotr A. Dąbrowski and Zuzanna M. Jaszczuk
Warsaw University of Life Science SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787
Warszawa, Poland
Email: hazem_kalaji@sggw.pl
Our work explores an innovative approach to plant communication through

the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and biological feedback systems,
leveraging photosynthesis as the key physiological process. By monitoring
real-time photosynthetic activity, AI algorithms interpret plant responses to
various stimuli, enabling a bidirectional communication framework. This
method utilizes sensors to capture photosynthetic parameters, which are
then analyzed by machine learning models to decode plant signals and
generate appropriate responses. Our results demonstrate the potential for
AI-driven systems to enhance understanding and interaction with plant
biology, offering new avenues for agricultural optimization and ecological
research.
42
INCPS-2024-91 Post-Transcriptional Regulation Controls

Bacterial Virulence in Rice
Sai Wang, Youchen Gong, Bo Zhu*
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shangai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai,
China
Email:bzhu1981@sjtu.edu.cn
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is an important posttranscriptional

event in eukaryotes; however, has been relatively unexplored in prokaryotes.
This study investigated A-to-I RNA editing in Xanthomonas oryzaepv.
oryzicola (Xoc) and discovered two editing events. The first event, induced
by oxidative stress, resulted in an A-to-I change that recoded serine to
proline (S128P) in the mRNA of fliC, encoding a flagellar filament protein.
Using genome-wide RNA immunoprecipitation–coupled high-throughput
sequencing (iRIP-Seq) analysis with HA-tagged TadA from Xoc, we found
that TadA binds to the mRNA of fliC, and the binding motif is identical to that
previously reported. The editing event led to changes in flagellar filament
structure, increasing motility and enhancing tolerance to oxidative stress, as
modelled in 3D and measured by TEM. The S128P mutant also showed an
increase in biofilm formation, measured by 3D laser scanning confocal
microscopy. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a gene cluster contributing to
3+
siderophore biosynthesis and Fe uptake was upregulated in S128P
compared with wild-type. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and
an oxidative stress survival assay indicated that this gene cluster reduces
the Fenton reaction, increasing biofilm formation and bacterial virulence.
Another A-to-I RNA editing event shows that xfeA in Xoc senses
extracytoplasmic iron and changes the hydrogen bonding network of ligand
channel domains. The frequency of A-to-I RNA editing during iron-deficient
conditions increased by 76.87%, which facilitated the passage of iron
through the XfeA outer membrane channel. When bacteria were subjected to
high iron concentrations, the percentage of A-to-I editing inxfeA decreased,
which reduced iron transport via XfeA. Furthermore, A-to-I RNA editing
increased expression of multiple genes in the chemotaxis pathway, including
methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) that sense concentrations of
exogenous ferrienterobactin (Fe-Ent) at the cytoplasmic membrane.
In summary, our study demonstrates the importance of A-to-I RNA editing in

bacterial pathogenicity and adaptation to environmental stress. These
findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which Xoc respond to
extracellular iron and oxidative stress, which may lead to the development of
novel targets for the control of bacterial leaf streak.
INCPS-2024-95 Precious
Medicinal Plants Diversity for
Socio-economic Development in Uzbekistan
TrobjonMakhkamov
43
Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Taskent State Agrarian

University Uzbekistan
Email: mturobzhon@mail.ru
Uzbekistan boasts a rich and diverse flora, including a treasure trove of

medicinal plants with significant potential for socio-economic development.
This presentation will explore the unique biodiversity of medicinal plants in
Uzbekistan, their traditional and contemporary uses, and their role in
promoting sustainable livelihoods and economic growth. The presentation
will delve into the ethnobotanical knowledge and practices surrounding these
plants, highlighting their importance in traditional Uzbek medicine. It will
discuss the phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of
key medicinal plant species, emphasizing their potential for drug discovery
and development. Furthermore, the presentation will address the
conservation challenges faced by these valuable resources and explore
sustainable harvesting and cultivation practices. By harnessing the potential
of medicinal plants, Uzbekistan can create new economic opportunities
through the development of herbal products, pharmaceuticals, and
cosmetics. This presentation will discuss strategies for value addition,
market development, and building sustainable supply chains. It will also
highlight the importance of capacity building, research, and collaboration
among stakeholders to maximize the benefits of medicinal plant resources.
Ultimately, this presentation aims to contribute to the understanding of
Uzbekistan's medicinal plant diversity and its potential to drive socio-
economic development while preserving this invaluable natural heritage.
INCPS-2024-100 Insights
into the Dynamic Responses of
Plants under Combined Stresses using High-
throughput Image Based Phenotyping
1 1 2
Lamis OA Abdelhakim , Klára Panzarová and Markus Teige
1
PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o., Czech Republic
2
Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna,
Austria
Email:abdelhakim@psi.cz
The occurrence of severe heat waves, flooding, and drought events in the
field conditions threatens crop productivity, particularly when plants are
frequently exposed to multiple stresses. Thus, investigating the underlying
mechanism of plants in response to combined stresses to find
climateresilient traits of interest is highly demanded. This study, in the frame
of ADAPT project, aimed to investigate the dynamic morphological and
physiological responses of potato plants to single and combined abiotic
stresses by using high throughput image-based phenotyping. The applied
approach elucidates how plants respond to drought, heat, and waterlogging
stresses individually and in combination. Moreover, it enabled the
identification of early and late responses in different cultivars. Different
responses, including plant biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, canopy
temperature, and leaf reflectance indices, were observed under single and
44
combined stresses. Overall plants were severely affected primarily by

waterlogging, reflecting the detrimental effect of this stress on potato plants.
The drastic reduction in the quantum yield and efficiency of photosystem II
was observed with an increase in canopy temperature and water index due
to stomatal closure, particularly in the susceptible cultivars under
waterlogging followed by the triple stress combination of drought, heat, and
waterlogging. The negative impact of stress was reflected in the reduction of
final yield. Reduction in the harvest index was observed in all stresses,
however, the most severe impact was detected under waterlogging and
combined stresses. Here we highlight that applied phenotyping protocol
based on using multiple imaging sensors is a valuable tool for revealing new
insights into understanding plant mechanisms,including crops and cereals, in
coping with rapid climate change.
INCPS-2024-103 Phenotypic
Diversity and Stability of
Gorgak Melon Cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) in Sar-e
Pol
Esmail Emran
Department of forestry and Horticulture Science Balkh University, new
campus, Afghanistan
Email:sayedesmailemran9@gmail.com
The Gorgak melon, a subspecies of Cucumis melo L., is a prominent crop in

Afghanistan, exhibiting remarkable morphological and phenotypic diversity.
This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic characteristics and stability of
Gorgak melon cultivars grown in Sar-e Pol province. A randomized complete
block design with two replications was employed at the Gangalbagh
Research Station. Results showed that Gorgak cultivars demonstrated
significant differences in morphological, growth, and yield traits, primarily
attributed to fruit characteristics. Stem color, number of lateral stems, stem
length, and germination percentage were found to be stable among cultivars.
Notably, Gorgakseya and Gorgaksabz exhibited distinct phenotypes derived
from Gorgakablaq. The findings suggest that adjacent ranges can undergo
shifts in color due to environmental factors such as light intensity fluctuations
or nutrient deficiencies. In conclusion, the Gorgak melon cultivars display
remarkable phenotypic diversity and stability, with each cultivar exhibiting
unique characteristics. Cucumis melo L., commonly referred to as the melon,
is a genetically diverse and economically significant species cultivated
worldwide. Among the various species of Cucumis, C. melo L. occupies the
third position in terms of production quantity. The Afghan variety, particularly
the Gorgak melon, has gained recognition for its local and regional market
demand. In Sar-e Pol province, Afghanistan, the Gorgak melon is widely
cultivated for commercial purposes. A randomized complete block design
with two replications was employed at the Gangalbagh Research Station in
Sar-e Pol province. Morphological traits were evaluated using a
standardized protocol. The results show that Gorgak cultivars exhibited
significant differences in morphological traits, primarily related to fruit
45
characteristics. Stem color (RHS 143B), number of lateral stems, stem

length, bio products, germination percentage, and 50% germination were
found to be non-significant among cultivars. The observed phenotypic
diversity among Gorgak cultivars may be attributed to both positive and
negative selection pressures. The stability of certain characters such as
stem color and number of lateral stems suggests that these traits are
relatively conserved across cultivars. However, adjacent ranges can undergo
shifts in color due to environmental factors such as fluctuations in light
intensity or nutrient deficiencies. This study demonstrates that Gorgak melon
cultivars exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity and stability, with each
cultivar displaying unique characteristics. The findings suggest that
Gorgakseya and Gorgaksabz exhibit distinct phenotypes derived from
Gorgakablaq. The stability of certain characters highlights the importance of
preserving genetic diversity within this crop species.
INCPS-2024-104 Back to the Origins: Biopesticides as

Promising Alternatives to Conventional
Agrochemicals
Ali Ahmed Aioub

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University,
Egypt
Email:aliaioub819@hotmail.com
Presently, the world is using eco-friendly products to limit pollution in soil, air,
water, and marine environments and to mitigate rapid climate change
according to the sustainable development goals of the United Nations
Development Programme. As a result, most countries attempt to produce
environmentally friendly herbicides, fertilizers, and pesticides from plants,
algae (e.g., Cladophora glomerata, Laurencia pinnata,
Plocamiumcartilagineum,Polcamium spp.) or animal manure. Plants, such as
Anethum sowa, Thymus vulgaris, Foeniculum vulgare, Syzygium
aromaticum, Pinus sylvestris, Citrus spp., Piper spp. and Mentha spicata,
areecofriendly sources of essential oils, containing safe components, which
can resist harmful pests. This review evaluates the common plants and
algae used for extracting biopesticides, geographical distribution, target
pests, mode of action, and commercial viability.
INCPS-2024-243 Molecular
Mechanisms of Regulation of
Boron Transporter Gene Expression in Response to
Boron Conditions
Toru Fujiwara
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo,
Japan
Email: atorufu@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
46
Boron is essential and toxic to plants depending on the concentrations.

Boron transporters of Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified and their
expression are regulated in response to boron conditions. The regulation
involves protein degradation/sensing by transporters, translational and
transcriptional regulation. BOR1 the efflux transporter of boron (Takano et al
2002) is regulated at the levels of protein degradation under high boron
conditions (Takano et al 2005, 2010、Kasai et al 2011) and it has been
suggested that BOR1 acts as a sensor of boron (Yoshinari et al 2020).
NIP5;1, diffusion facilitator of boron (Takano et al 2007) is regulated through
mRNA degradation in response to high boron (Tanaka et al 2011) mediated
by ribosome stalling at the AUG-Stop sequence in the 5’ UTR of NIP5;1
mRNA (Tanaka et al 2016). Structural study indicates cytosolic boron affects
translation termination (Tanaka et al 2024). BOR1 is also regulated at
translationally (Aibara et al., 2018) Our recent study suggested universal
effect of boron on translational termination (Sotta et al 2021). In this
presentation I will present overview and recent knowledge on complex and
well-organized process of the regulation.
Aibara et al (2018) Plant Physiology,177(2),759–774

Kasai et al (2011) J Biol Chem. 286: 6175-6183
Sotta et al (2021) The Plant Journal 106,1455–1467
Takano et al (2002) Nature,420(6913), 337–340.
Takano et al (2006) The Plant Cell,18(6), 1498–1509.
Takano et al (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.17, 5220-5225
Takanoet al (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:12276-12281
Tanaka et al (2016) The Plant Cell, 28(11), 2830–2849.
Tanakaet al (2011) The Plant Cell,23(9),3547–3559
Tanaka et al (2024) Nature Chem Biol. 20: 605–614
Yoshinari et al (2020) Plant Cell 33(2):420–438
INCPS-2024-101 From
Weed to Seed with Future
Potential: The Role of Hemp in Climate and Social
Justice
Maren Krings*
Director General, Federation of International Hemp Organizations (FIHO)
Email: info@marenkrings.com
Introduction: I have been trying since many years to explore the multifaceted
consequences of prohibiting plants such as Cannabis and hemp, particularly their
untapped potential for climate mitigation and social justice. Despite Pakistan‘s
prominent position in global hashish production, particularly in regions like
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the tribal areas along the Afghan border, the country
remains underrepresented in the broader cannabis and hemp industry. This talk
will elucidate the historical, cultural, and socio-economic impacts of this
prohibition, emphasizing its effects on indigenous and peasant communities in
ecologically fragile high-altitude regions.
47
Background: Pakistan, along with countries like Morocco, Afghanistan, and

Lebanon, has a rich history of cannabis cultivation and charas production. These
traditional practices, handed down through generations, underscore the cultural
significance and economic potential of the plant. However, the stringent legal
frameworks surrounding cannabis and hemp have relegated these practices to
the realm of illicit production, preventing their integration into regulated
operations that could contribute significantly to climate mitigation efforts.
Impact of Prohibition: The political choice to prohibit cannabis and hemp
cultivation has disproportionately affected vulnerable communities in regions
such as the Moroccan Rif Mountains, the Mongolian steppes, and the Indian and
Pakistani Himalayas. These areas are not only ecologically fragile but also
socially marginalized, bearing the brunt of both environmental degradation and
socio-economic exclusion. Prohibition has hindered opportunities for sustainable
development and exacerbated social injustices in these regions.
Potential of Hemp for Climate and Social Justice: Hemp possesses
remarkable properties that make it a viable candidate for addressing climate
change and promoting social equity. The plant's applications in bioremediation,
the production of artisanal and industrial goods, regenerative agriculture, and
carbon sequestration are manifold:
• Bioremediation: Hemp's ability to absorb toxins and heavy metals from the
soil makes it an excellent choice for restoring polluted environments and
revitalise depleted and poor soils.
• Consumer Goods: From textiles to paper, bio-composites and ecological
building materials, hemp-based products offer sustainable alternatives to
conventional materials.
• Regenerative Agriculture: Hemp can improve soil health, enhance
biodiversity, and support sustainable farming practices and provides a
super-food.
• Carbon Sequestration: The plant's rapid growth and carbon absorption
capabilities contribute significantly to reducing atmospheric CO2 levels,
especially once turned into long-lasting products.
INCPS-2024-92 Species richness and diversity of
Zingiberaceae at the Bangladesh Agricultural
University Botanical Garden
Muhammad Ashrafuzzaman
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202
Email: ashrafcbot@bau.edu.bd
A study was carried out from January 2022 to December 2023 at the
Bangladesh Agricultural University Botanical Garden (BAUBG) to evaluate
the species diversity within the Zingiberaceae family, document their
flowering periods, ethnobotanical uses, and conservation status. The
BAUBG conserves a variety of plant species sourced both locally and
internationally, functioning as a living germplasm center. The study identified
a total of 50 species across 14 genera within three tribes of the ginger
family. The Zingibereae tribe exhibited the highest species diversity with 24
species across 6 genera, including 9 species in the genus Curcuma and 5
species in the genus Zingiber. The Alpinieae tribe, with 17 species across 5
genera, was the second most diverse, featuring Alpinia (9 species),
48
Amomum (3 species), Elettaria (1 species), Etlingera (2 species), and

Plagiostachys (1 species). The third tribe, Globbeae, included two genera:
Globba (8 species) and Hemiorchis (1 species). Most species flowered
between March and August. Zingiberaceae plants are widely used as food,
spices, medicine, ornamental plants, and in rituals. Eight species were
classified as of least concern on the IUCN Red List, while two rare species
were listed in the Bangladesh Red Data: Plants. Based on Saensouk's
(2011) criteria, six species were identified as rare, and two species were
endemic to Bangladesh. This study serves as a baseline for documenting
the Zingiberaceae species in Bangladesh and their various applications.
INCPS-2024-274 Root-derived
Bacteria and Root
Exudates are Crucial for the Salt-tolerance of
Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Yan-Hua Cao, Ming-Xu Zhang, Jin-Peng Hu, Jin-Lin Zhang*
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,
Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education,
College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Center for Grassland
Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
E-mail:jlzhang@lzu.edu.cn
Salinity poses a significant threat to plant growth and development. The root
microbiota plays a key role in plant adaptation to saline environments.
Nevertheless, it remains poorly understood whether and how perennial
grass plants accumulate specific root-derived bacteria when exposed to
salinity. Here, we systematically analyzed the composition and variation of
rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria, as well as root exudates in perennial
ryegrass differing in salt tolerance grown in unsterilized soils with and
without salt. Both salt-sensitive (P1) and salt- tolerant (P2) perennial
ryegrass genotypes grew better in unsterilized soils compared to sterilized
soils under salt stress. The rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria of both P1
and P2 had lower alpha-diversity under salt treatment compared to control.
The reduction of alpha-diversity was more pronounced for P1 than for P2.
The specific root-derived bacteria, particularly the genus of Pseudomonas,
were enriched in rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria under salt stress.
Changes in bacterial functionality induced by salt stress differed in P1 and
P2. Additionally, more root exudates were altered under salt stress in P2
than in P1. The content of important root exudates, mainly including
phenylpropanoids, benzenoids, organic acids, had a significantly positive
correlation with the abundance of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria under
salt stress. 14 potential growth promotion bacterium strains in Pseudomonas
were isolated from the rhizosphere salt-tolerant perennial ryegrass genotype
and most of them can promote the growth of a commercial perennial
ryegrass cultivar. These results indicate that the interactions between root-
derived bacteria and root exudates are crucial for the salt tolerance of
perennial ryegrass, which provides a potential strategy to manipulate root
microbiome for improved stress tolerance of perennial grass species.
49
INCPS-2024-219 Evolutionary Plant Breeding as a

Practical Strategy for Yield Stability in Saline
Environments
1,2
Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh
1
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center,
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
Shiraz, Iran
2
National Salinity Research Center, AREEO, Yazd 8917357676, Iran
Evolutionary plant breeding (EPP) offers a means to enhance crop resilience

in the face of climate change, promote biodiversity, and support sustainable
farming practices. To date, there has been a lack of studies or reports
addressing the application of EPP in saline conditions. This research aimed
to evaluate the yield stability of two evolutionary barley populations against
three pure genotypes under saline conditions over the growing seasons from
2017 to 2022. The experimental setup included two evolutionary populations,
Kashkooli and Partoei, alongside control genotypes comprised of Golshan
and Khatam cultivars as well as a promising line, MBS-89-17. The results
indicated that the Kashkooli and Partoei populations performed relatively
well in comparison to the control genotypes. Across all experimental years,
the Kashkooli population consistently produced the highest grain and
biological yields, followed by the promising line MBS-89-17. The superior
yield of the Kashkooli population can be attributed to its higher ear grain
count, while the lower performance of the Partoei population was linked to
leaf rust disease. Overall, the ranking of grain yield was as follows:
Kashkooli evolutionary population > MBS-89-17 line > Golshan genotype
>Partoei evolutionary population > Khatam genotype. Given its strong
performance in saline soil and water conditions, the Kashkooli evolutionary
population appears to be a viable option for cultivation in challenging
environmental scenarios, pending validation of these results on a broader
scale. The EPP, as a successful example of overcoming the lack of available
genetic resources, is a method to adapt agricultural products to climate
change, increase biodiversity and support the sustainable livelihood of
farmers.
Micelles: Soap Industry & Drug delivery

Muhammad Ashraf
Independent Researcher, Canada
The ability of a soapy solution to act as a detergent has been recognized for
centuries. However, it was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that
the constitution of such solutions was scientifically studied and a new word
for "tiny particle the concept of micelles was introduced. It is also noticed that
the aggregation of these phospholipid molecules give rise to two aggregation
entities. It is therefore, important to know the difference between these two
formulations. The major difference between these two types of aggregates is
in the size of their building blocks. The surfactant molecules have
50
a molecular weight which is generally of a few hundreds of grams per mole

while block copolymers are generally one or two orders of magnitude larger.
Further, thanks to the larger hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, block
copolymers can have a much more pronounced amphiphilic nature when
compared to surfactant molecules.Because of these differences in the
building blocks, some block copolymer micelles behave like surfactant ones,
while others don't. It is necessary therefore to make a distinction between
the two situations. The former ones will belong to the dynamic micelles while
the latter will be called kinetically frozen micelles. Micellular chemistry is also
considered a form of Green chemistry. Micelle formation is essential for the
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and complicated lipids within the human
body. Bile salts formed in the liver and secreted by the gall bladder allow
micelles of fatty acids to form. This facilitates the absorption of complicated
lipids (e.g., lecithin) and lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) within the
micelle by the small intestine. Micelles can also be used for targeted drug
delivery as gold nanoparticles
51
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -NationalInvited Speakers
National Invited Speakers
INCPS-2024-90 Plant
Biodiversity of Northern
Hemisphere in Asia: A way forward along China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) for Cooperation
and Conservation
1,2* 1
Mushtaq Ahmad , Shazia Sultana
1
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad,
Pakistan, 45320
2
Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
Email: mushtaqflora@hotmail.com, mushtaq@qau.edu.pk
Northern Hemisphere in Asia is one of the important and richest hotspot of

Plant biodiversity in the world. In this region Pakistan hosted diverse ranges
of plant diversity in Himalaya, Karakoram and Kohindukush with long chain
of mountain supporting with cultural communities. In this region, currently a
project China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is consider to bring
revolutionary changes to the research sector particularly by the application
of Plant diversity. China and Pakistan are diverse phytogeographical
countries with unique plant diversity of Gymnosperms, Angiosperms and
lower plant species along this corridor. The experts from both countries have
started number of international projects on plant resources using modern
technologies including digitization of floral diversity, conservation of wild
natural plant resources, conservation of trans-border indigenous knowledge
and exchange of ideas by institutions through smart technology to cope 15th
SDGs in order to conserve plant diversity under fast climatic changes. This
study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between the
built environment, biodiversity, and the SDGs, allowing key industry actors
and policymakers to prioritize biodiversity in SDG-related policies and
programs. In order to do this, we have compiled all of the empirical data that
is currently available on the connections between biodiversity and economic
growth, concentrating on changes in climate, invasive alien species, and
land use. Finally, we demonstrate how scenario planning for significant
policy instruments such as the Convention on Biological Diversity can aid in
shifting national and international goals away from growth and toward
biodiversity protection. This project supported to develop modern Herbaria
and Botanic Garden to protect endemic and endangered species in this part
of Northern Hemisphere of Asia. Quaid I Azam university Botanic Garden
and Herbarium (ISL) initiated projects with Institute of Botany Beijing,
Chengdu institute of Biology (CIB), and number of other institutions in China
cooperating to support Pakistani researchers and experts in the field of plant
biodiversity, plant documentation, collection and conservation in line with
global efforts for protection. This initiative may further leads to trained post
graduate students, scientists, Plant Taxonomists, Biodiversity Experts,
Horticulturists, Plant botanists, traditional health practitioners and layman
regarding the equal sharing benefits of Plant diversity with sustainable way.
52
It is further suggested to exchange of knowledge and information followed by

the setting up of a joint departments of biodiversity through which the public
will bring the China and Pakistan closer and strengthen the ties between the
two brother countries.
INCPS-2024-93 Role
of Botanic Gardens for the
Promotion of Food Security in the Present Scenario
of Climate Change
Muhammad Qaiser
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi &Pakistan Academy of
Sciences Islamabad.
Email: qaismd@gmail.com
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges faced by human society.

Global warming and the increasing aridity make growing conditions
unsuitable for the plants. Moreover, plant biodiversity is currently being lost
rd
at an unprecedented rate. About 1/3 of vascular plants are facing the threat
of extinction due to various devastating anthropogenic activities. According
to a report of FAO about 75% of crop diversity was lost between 1900 –
2000. A recent study predicts that as much as 22% of wild relatives of crop
plant such as peanuts, Potato, beans will disappear by 2055 under changing
climate. At present slightly over 100 plants species provide 90% food to
mankind, of which 3 species Triticum aestivum (wheat) Oryza Sativa (Rice)
and Zee mays (maize) provide 2/3 of total food. This base has to be
broadened. In order to protect crop diversity crop wild relatives (CWRs) are
to be conserved as they are genetically resilient to heat, drought diseases
there is a dire need to collect, identify, document these CWRs. In the global
agricultural gene bank CWRs collection are poorly represented (2 to 10%).
Whereas Botanic Gardens have 70% live collection of CWRs representing
crops and other economically important plants. Most of the botanic gardens
have expertise in plant taxonomy, physiology, plant breeding and
conservation. They can play a significant role in ex situ andin situ
conservation of these CWRs. Some of large Botanic Gardens such as Kew
(U.K) Missouri Botanic Gardens (USA) are already working on this strategy.
In the past Botanic Gardens located in tropics have played a major role in
plant introduction and spread of germplasm of economically important plants
such as coffee (Coffea arabica), tea (Camellia sinensis), oil palm
(Elaeisguinensis), rubber (Hevia brasilensis) and cassava (Manihot
esculenta). Moreover some Botanic Gardens are also exploiting neglected
but editable plants for future. Botanic Gardens are also playing an important
role in public education regarding foods security biodiversity conservation.
Under the influence of climate change there is a possibility of the spread of
invasive species which will be threat to agricultural productivity food security
along with spread of weeds pests and diseases. There is a need to introduce
of adaptable exotic species for agriculture, biofuel etc. However, care must
be taken in the selection of such species. Botanic Gardens can play
important role before introducing on larger scale. Hence the Botanic
53
Gardens can play a multifarious role in the present scenario of climate

change including plant conservation and plant introduction for addressing
food security.
INCPS-2024-162 Evolution and Revolution in

Botany/Plant Science
Muhammad Ashraf
Rector, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
Email: ashrafbot@yahoo.com
The old botanical record can be traced from India, Egypt, Greece and China
dating back to 1100 BCE. Thus, botany is a very old branch of life sciences,
which originated as an indispensable exploration of knowledge of plants for
human and animal healthcare. Theophrastus (a Greek; 371-287 BCE), an
intelligent student of Aristotle, is considered as “Father of Botany” due to
his excellent works “Enquiry into Plants” (Historia Plantarum) which focuses
on classification and description of plants and “On the Causes of Plants” (De
causis plantarum), on plant domestication, laying the foundation of
th th
agriculture.In the Muslim Era, particularly during 9 to 13 centuries, some
th
eminent Muslim scientists including AbūḤanīfaDīnawarī from Iran during 9
th
Century, Ibn e Wahshiyya from Iraq in 10 century and Ibn Bassal from
th
Spain during Muslim regime in 11 century wrote different books on
domestication and agronomic practices of plants. However, in the European
th
Era starting from the end 15 century, several authors, though being not true
botanists, wrote books on plants and their uses. In the European Era, the
contribution of Carl Linnaeus ((1707-1778), a Swedish taxonomist, had been
considerable because of giving rise “binomial nomenclature” of plants.
Since mid-1960s there have been significant developments in understanding
plant physio-biochemical processes such as transpiration, stomatal
conductance, rate of photosynthesis, respiration, N-fixation, hormone
metabolism, mineral nutrition, etc. In 1974, Chang and Cohen (both
American biologists) developed “Transgenic approach” – Genetic
engineering of organisms. Subsequently, in 1986, Tom Roderick coined the
term “Omics”. Thereafter, in 2003, Paul Hebert developed “DNA
barcoding” or sequence-based specimen identification. Recently, several
gene/genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi, SeekRNA,
Transposase-assisted Target Site Integration (TATSI), Click Editor,
Allele Sale, etc. have been developed. Thus, with the conspicuous
evolutionary process occurring in all scientific disciplines including plant
science, multiple advanced tools are emerging frequently which can make a
considerable progress in comprehensively understanding the natural
phenomena, yet obscure, taking place in plants.
INCPS-2024- 290 Impact of Weeds on the Crops,

Environment, Agriculture and Human Health
54
Khan Bahadar Marwat

Prof. Emeritus, University of Agriculture Peshawar
Email: kbmarwat@yahoo.com
Weed is a plant that grows where it is not wanted, including plants that were
not intentionally sown or those that are more competitive and interfere with
human activity. Weeds are one of the major threats to the natural
environment, they are responsible for destroying the native habitats,
threatening the native flora and fauna, also choke rivers and canals e.g.
Eichornia crassipes and Salvinia natans.
Weeds play a very important role in our life in various ways.
Impact of weeds on crops – Weeds cause reduction in crop yield through
competition for light, nutrient, water and space. It is estimated that
uncontrolled weed infestation may reduce 40% yield in maize, rice 41.6%
and sugar beet 70% Moreover weeds also reduce the crop yield through
allelopathy by releasing toxic substances in the soil such as quack grass
(Elymus repens) secrete the toxic substance which is harmful for the crop
plants.
Impact of weeds on the environment: Weeds are one of the important
threats to the natural environment. The invasion of exotic species change
the natural vegetation consequently disbalancing the natural ecosystem.
Prosopis julifloraandSalvinia natansare the two classic examples of these
invasive species. In Pakistan the natural vegetation in plains is greatly
disturbed and at some places completely replaced by Prosopis juliflora, a
South American species. SimilarlySalvinia natansanother Brazilian weed has
greatly damaged aquatic ecosystem of Europe and some parts of Asia. It
has been estimated that these invasive species have invaded more than
15% flora of Australia.
Impact of weeds on human health: Certain weeds cause skin and
respiratory allergies such as Parthenium hysterophorus, a tropical American
weed, widely naturalized in Asia, Africa and Australia is not only a serious
threat to agriculture, highly poisonous causing skin and respiratory allergy.
Similarly Ambrosia artemisiifolia another weed from tropical Americas is the
main cost of allergic rhinitis.
NCPS-2024-88 Enhancing the Yield of Rice and Wheat by

Editing Multiple Negative Regulators of Yield Traits
1
Muhammad Jawad Akbar Awan , Abu Bakar Waqas, Imran
1 2 1
Amin , Muhammad Arif, Awais Rasheed , Nasir A. Saeed , Zahid
1,3*
Mukhtar and Shahid Mansoor
1
Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and
Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College Pakistan Institute of
Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320,
Pakistan.
55
3
Jamil ur Rehman Center for Genome Research, International Center for
Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Email: shahidmansoor7@gmail.com
Recent advances allow the deployment of cluster regularly interspaced short

palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonucleases (Cas) system for
the targeted mutagenesis in the genome with accuracy and precision for trait
improvement in crops. The CRISPR-Cas has been utilized to induce
knockout or frameshift mutations in the targeted sequence of mostly
negative regulating genes for rice and wheat improvement. Here, we report
CRISPR-Cas9 mediated multiplex editing of four yield-related negative
regulators for yield improvement in Super Basmati. By employing the
polycistronic tRNA-gRNA strategy, four guide RNAs were expressed to
target OsD27, a negative regulator of the number of tillers, OsGN1a- the
negative regulator of grain number, and two negative regulators of grain
weight, namely OsTGW6 and OsGW2. This resulted in a co-editing
efficiency of 30% in T0 generation. The T0 and field evaluation of T1
quadruple edited plants doubled the yield of Super Basmati as compared to
the wild-type control, without compromising other agronomical traits. The
combinatorial effect of simultaneous modifications of four yield negative
regulators has the potential to increase the estimated per hectare yield up to
124% in Basmati rice. Wheat yield is controlled by various genes such as
positive and negative regulators. TaD27 gene is described as a related
negative regulator of shoot branching or tillering and is involved in the
biosynthesis of strigolactones. In this study, we developed Tad27 knockout
mutant lines of an elite wheat cultivar that showed a twofold increase in the
number of tillers, 2.5-fold increase in the number of grains per plant, and 1.1-
fold increase in the hundred grains weight. Subsequently, enhancing the
grain yield without any morphological penalty in the architecture of the
plants. The co-transformation of regeneration enhancing growth regulator
(GRF4-GIF1) under single T-DNA cassette improved the regeneration
efficiency up to 6% of transgenic events from mature embryos of wheat. Our
results indicate that the CRISPR-mediated targeted mutagenesis confers the
potential to knockout yield-related negative regulators in elite cultivars of rice
and wheat that can substantially enhance grain yield per plant. The yield
trials have shown very significant yield increase.
INCPS-2024-22 Environmentally
Sustainable
Management of Tannery Waste through Biological
Approaches
Firdaus-e- Bareen
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore,
Lahore
Email: firdaus.bareen@imbb.uol.edu.pk
Tannery waste is a potentially hazardous waste polluting water, soil and air
and is a high environmental risk for food chain contamination in areas having
the leather industry. Long term logging of tannery effluents on soil not only
adds undesirable quantities of heavy metals but also increase its pH and
56
EC, rendering it unsuitable for agricultural purposes. The effluents when

added to water bodies increase their TDS, TSS, cations and anions along
with BOD and COD. The tannery solid waste is another type of hazardous
solid waste that needs effective management either through recycling of
heavy metals or proper disposal into the land fill in a sustainable manner. In
specifically engineered constructed wetlands comprising of three levels and
using highly efficient heavy metal resistant nurseries of
Hemarthriacompressaand Typha latifolia, BOD of real tanning effluent was
reduced by 90%, along with all pollution parameters and the effluent was
safe enough for irrigation purposes for the cultivation of vegetables like okra.
Autochthonous microbes can be utilized in specifically formulated consortia
for effluent treatment. The tannery solid waste can be dried and crushed and
used as a 15% organic amendment in soil that promotes plant growth and is
safe to grow ornamentals and oil yielding crops. Assisted phytoremediation
of such soils in three cycles completely brings the hazardous metals within
permissible limits. The voluminous amount of tannery solid waste can be
reduced in bulk through biochar formation that can be used as a soil
amendment in specific percentages to grow ornamental plants and energy
crops like oil-yielding varieties of sunflower and canola. Biochar impregnated
with autochthonous microbes can be used in agricultural soils that can
detoxify the heavy metals and it is safe to cultivate agronomic crops with
permissible limits of heavy metals in the edible parts.
INCPS-2024-98 Large Scale Application of Floating

Treatment Wetlands in Pakistan for the Treatment
and Reuse of Wastewater
Muhammad Afzal, Salman Younus, Razia Tahseen, Muhammad

Shoaib Hassan, Samina Iqbal
Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
Email: afzal@nibge.org
In developing world, due to very high capital and operational costs of

conventional technologies, ˃ 99% wastewater is discharged in water bodies
untreated. The presence of toxic items such as heavy metals, antibiotics,
and pathogens in water results in 80% of diseases (e.g., kidney damage,
cancer) and 40% of deaths. It is mainly due to the lack of an indigenous, low
cost, and sustainable wastewater treatment technology. At NIBGE, an
innovative indigenous floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) technology has
been developed using locally designed and developed floating mat and
available indigenous plants and microbes. FTWs is a low cost, sustainable,
and environment friendly technology for wastewater treatment and reuse.
Moreover, it is an innovative roots filter technology for the cost-effective
treatment of wastewater, sewage, and sludge without relying on energy or
chemicals. It requires ~100 times lower capital investment than conventional
technologies, without any operational cost. The plants associated
microorganisms colonizing on/in the roots, degrade the organic
57
contaminants, whereas inorganic pollutants like nutrients and potential toxic

metals are taken up by the plants. The use of FTWs is an innovative
approach in Pakistan for the remediation of wastewater polluted with organic
and inorganic pollutants. Until now 200,000 sq ft floating wetlands have been
applied at more than 50 sites in Pakistan and it has improved the quality of
3
200 billion m wastewater. It removes (up to 90%) both organic and inorganic
pollutants from the wastewater, and treated water is being safely discharge
in the environment or reuse in agriculture and horticulture.
INCPS-2024-70 Use of Modern Genomic Approaches for

Developing Resilient Cotton Varieties
Mehboob-ur-Rahman, Shaheen Asad, Muhammad Arshad,
Muhammad Asif, Imran Amin, Sana Zulfiqar and Zahid Mukhtar
Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of
Engineering and Applied Sciences, (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
Email: mehboob_pbd@yahoo.com
Over the last decade, several remarkable milestones have been achieved
including high-quality contagious genome assemblies of tetraploid and
diploid cottons, got insight into various genetic pathways controlling complex
and simple traits and detecting QTLs associated with traits of interest. The
genomic information is being used to improve resilience against emerging
challenges depressing cotton production in Pakistan. After conducting field
trials for several years, various cotton varieties, mutant lines and accessions
were re-sequenced for identifying SNPs associated with traits including
resistance to cotton leaf curl disease, heat tolerance, fiber quality traits, etc.
The generated information has been deployed for selecting cotton plants
containing the maximum alleles from the adapted cotton cultivars in a
backcross population developed for introgressing indigenously engineered
three genes (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab +2xEPSPS) into selected cotton varieties.
Tolerance to herbicide was tested up to 85 days after emergence of cotton
seedlings in all generations. At the moment, we have stable cotton lines
which showed the effectiveness of the biotechnological, genomic as well as
conventional breeding approaches. The newly developed cotton lines will be
instrumental for overcoming the challenges depressing cotton production in
several cotton growing regions across the globe including Pakistan.
INCPS-2024-80 Genomics-Enabled Wheat Breeding for

Improved Productivity and Nutritional Quality
1,2 2 2
Awais Rasheed , Xianchun Xia , Zhonghu He
1
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320,
Pakistan
2
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), and CIMMYT-China
office, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
58
Email:arasheed@qau.edu.pk
Improving the crop productivity, resilience to climate extremes, resistance to

biotic stress and improving the quality are the main breeding objectives.
Different tools, resources and strategies are used to precisely select the
desirable cultivars in crop breeding. One of such tools is the genomics-
assisted breeding (GAB), which improves selection accuracy during
breeding cycles. However, practicing GAB depends on the availability of
molecular markers for selecting the desired phenotypes. Once a marker is
available for use in breeding, the efforts are then made to make it cost-
effective and high-throughput to integrate its use in applied breeding.
However, different breeding scenario like gene tagging, marker-assisted
recurrent selection (MARS), background selection, diversity estimates, and
genomic selection require different genotyping platforms, and there is no
‘one size fits all’ solution. We provided an overview of the efforts around
developing cost-effective, high-throughput and breeding-oriented genotyping
platforms in wheat. Furthermore, we showed that CRISPR-Cas9 mediated
gene editing to knock-down a bHLH transcription significantly enhanced
grain iron contents, which would facilitate the development of biofortified
wheats.
Keywords: SNP markers, NGS, Gene editing, Biofortification, Grain iron contents
INCPS-2024-89 Carbon
sequestration Potential of pure
Quercus incanaRoxb. forest of the Temperate region
of Pakistan
1,2, * 1
Shujaul Mulk Khan , Nazir Muhammad
1
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
2
Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
Email: shuja60@gmail.com
Carbon sequestration involves capturing and storing carbon dioxide

(CO2) from the atmosphere. This CO2 storage involves transferring
atmospheric CO2 into various long-lived global pools to reduce the net
increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. Carbon-determining plant traits are
found in temperate forests. Carbon sequestration and consumption are
different among all the plant species in these forests. However, the broad-
leaf trees are more efficient for carbon sequestration than other deciduous
plants. The aim of this study is to calculate the carbon sequestration
potential for pure Quercus forests in Swat, Pakistan. A total of 195 plots
(20m×20m) were established for pure Quercus incanaRoxb forests in the
temperate region of swat Pakistan. This study investigates the effects of
stand structure diversity i.e. DBH, H, CA, and community-weighted traits
Mean i.e., BT, WD, SLA, LDMC on carbon sequestration. The Arc GIS
software was used to map the study area. The Linear structure equation
model SEM, regressions, and Pearson correlation were conducted using R
software. The results show that an increase in elevation leads to enhanced
59
height, and DBH, and, therefore positively affects the carbon sequestration
of the trees while the increase in elevation leads to decreased tree crown
area which negatively affects carbon sequestration. On the other side, an
increase in community, weighted traits mean i.e. bark thickness, specific leaf
area, leaf dry matter content, and wood density leads to increased carbon
sequestration. The Quercus Incanaforestplays a crucial role in carbon
sequestration more research is required to explore the other determinants of
Quercus species and their role in ecosystem services in Pakistan.
Key Words: Carbon sequestration; Quercus incana; temperate region; Elevation
INCPS-2024-87 Enhancing
Wheat Growth Potential
through Potent Zinc-Solubilizing Bacteria
1* 1,2,3 4
Iftikhar Ahmed , Murad Ali , Saira Abbas , Munir Hussain
5 1 2
Zia , Tariq Sultan , MuhammadSharif
1
Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agricultural Research
Centre (NARC), Park
Road, Islamabad, Pakistan,
2
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of
3
Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan; Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI),
Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan;
4
Department of Zoology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu,
Pakistan;
5
Fauji Fertilizer Company (FFC) Limited, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Email: iftikhar.ahmed@parc.gov.pk
Zinc (Zn) is an indispensable element for proper plant growth. A significant

proportion of inorganic zinc (Zn) added to soil undergoes a transformation
into an insoluble form. Zinc-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) offer a promising
avenue to convert insoluble Zn into forms that plants can readily access,
thus presenting a potential solution for Zn supplementation. This research
aims to delve into the Zn solubilization potential of indigenous bacterial
strains and assess their impact on wheat growth and Zn biofortification. The
experiments were conducted at the National Agriculture Research Center
(NARC) in Islamabad during 2020-21. A total of sixty-nine strains were
meticulously evaluated for their Zn solubilizing capability using plate assay
techniques with two insoluble Zn sources, namely ZnO and ZnCO3.
Qualitative assays measured the solubilization index and efficiency.
Promising Zn-solubilizing bacterial strains were subsequently quantitatively
assessed through broth culture for Zn and phosphorus (P) solubility,
employing tricalcium phosphate as an insoluble P source. The results
revealed a noteworthy inverse correlation between the pH of the broth
2
culture and Zn solubilization, specifically for ZnO (r =0.88) and ZnCO3
2
(r =0.96). Ten novel strains stood out, including Pantoea sp. NCCP-525,
Klebsiella sp. NCCP-607, Brevibacterium sp. NCCP-622, and more, selected
from Pakistan's ecological diversity based on their plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) traits and the presence of positive nifH and acdS
genes. Prior to assessing the plant growth potential of these bacterial
60
strains, a control experiment was conducted to determine the highest critical

Zn level from ZnO for optimal wheat growth. The subsequent step involved
inoculating the selected ZSB strains alone and in consortia onto wheat
seeds, both with and without ZnO, within sterilized sand culture. Consortium
ZSB inoculation without ZnO substantially improved various growth
parameters, including shoot length (14%), shoot fresh weight (34%), and
shoot dry weight (37%). Conversely, with ZnO, root length (116%), root fresh
weight (435%), root dry weight (435%), and Zn content in the shoot (1177%)
experienced remarkable enhancement compared to the control.
Interestingly, Wadaan-17 exhibited superior growth attributes, while Zincol-
16 displayed a slightly higher shoot Zn concentration by 5%. In essence, this
study concludes that the selected bacterial strains showcase substantial
potential as ZSB, manifesting as efficient bio-inoculants to counter Zn
deficiency. Moreover, consortium inoculation outperformed individual
inoculation in terms of growth promotion and Zn solubility for wheat.
Additionally, the study underscores that a Zn concentration of 50 mg kg-1
from ZnO did not compromise wheat growth, whereas higher concentrations
hindered growth potential.
Keywords: nifH and acdS genes; PGPR
INCPS-2024-81 Next
Generation Genomic Innovations for
Crop Productivity Enhancement using Wild Relatives
*
Muhammad Ramzan Khan , Nazia Rehman, Muhammad Kashif
Naeem, Amna Muhammad, Muhammad Uzair, Aamir Riaz, Wajya
Ajmal, Fara Muqaddas, Maryam Murtaza, Bilal Saleem, Bushra
Bibi, Muhammad Aqeel
1
Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, National Institute for
Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research
Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
2
Wheat program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research
Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Email: mrkhan@parc.gov.pk
According to food security analysts the global agricultural production must

double by 2050 to meet the demands of increasing world human population.
Lack of application of new breeding technologies (NBTs) is the major
bottleneck for speedy development of high yielding climate resilient varieties.
For rapid increase in yield, the utilization of NBTs including implementation
of UAV-based high throughput phenomics, speed cloning, genome–based
breeding by design, genomic selection, and Express-Editing galvanized by
speed breeding are the desirable strategies to meet the rising food demand.
Wild relatives in the form of landraces offer the required diversity for future
genome-based crop breeding. Speed cloning can reduce the linkage drag to
a minimum level -imminent during the Marker Assisted Selection. Pre-
breeding in the form of the discovery of new genes and association of
markers with traits through Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) has
61
added to traits-specific breeding. Advancements in NGS have revolutionized

genome-based breeding by determining the genomic constitution of parents
and offspring for a particular target environment (TE). In this regard, new
genomic platforms, PCR-based KASP markers, and options for indigenous
PCR-based NGS library preparation kits have facilitated the use of genomic
selection based on genetic variants existing in indigenous cultivars.
Pangenome analyses have unveiled larger variations in the wild relatives. A
decade of CRISPR/Cas technology has brought improved nutritional value,
disease resistance, and improvement and expansion in crops. i.e.,
Genomics to phenomics (G2P) along with integrated applications of all these
technologies - if supplemented with speed breeding, the desirable crops can
be achieved in less than half time. Hence, the implementation of genome-
based speed breading technologies has a great potential for accelerating the
pace of development of new high-yielding climate-smart varieties for food
security.
Keywords:Genomics, Biotechnology, Phenomics, Crops, Genetics, Variations,
Diversity, Gene editing, GWAS, Breeding
INCPS-2024-03 Pyramiding RNAi with Cry Toxins in Local

Cotton Germplasm for Protection against Pink
Bollworm
1,2 2 2
Bushra Tabassum* , Ejaz Ali , Idrees Ahmad Nasir
1
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore-Pakistan.
2
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore-
Pakistan.
Email: bushratabassum.sbs@pu.edu.pk
Cotton, Gossypium spp, is an important cash crop that significantly

contribute to the country‘s GDP with most common cultivated species
around the world are Gossypium hirsutumandGossypium barbadense.
Insect pests cause 20-40% yield loss in Pakistan annually. Genetically
modified Bt cotton was developed in the 1990s to control the insect pest
attack. But with time, insects developed resistance against the Bt toxins.
This study aimed to pyramid RNAi with Bt cotton to prolong the resistance
against pink bollworm. Pink bollworm is a notorious insect that causes the
loss of millions of cotton bales annually. We hypothesize that pyramiding
RNAi with Bt synergistically enhances the plant's resistance against insects
by lowering the survival rates. We exploited Cadherin and V-ATPase genes
in PBW as potential RNAi targets and revealed their efficacy in plant-
mediated insect bioassays. It was evident from this study that the RNAi
strategies and Bt genes can control the insect effectively rather than Bt
genes alone.
Key words: RNAi targets, Cadherin gene, transgenic cotton.
62
INCPS-2024-59 CRISPR Cas Based Genome Editing and

Genetic Modification to Improve Important Crop
Traits
Abdul Qayyum Rao, Allah Bakhsh, Naila Shahid, Ayesha Latif,
Saira Azam, Aneela Yasmeen, Tahir Rehman Samiullah, Ayesha
Imran, Ujala Nasir, Sara Ajmal, Sahar Sadaqat, Muhammad
Awais, Muhammad Saad Bhutta, Huda Mir, Sahar Zulfiqar,
Meisha Imam, Sidra Qayyum,Noreen Iftikhar, Narmeen Tariq
Zaman, Pashma Nawaz, Esha Asghar, Muhammad Naveed
Anjum, Muhammad Nadeem Sajjad, Bilal Ahmad, Abdul Qadeer,
Sana Khalid, Manahil Azhar, Ayesha Khalid, Rameen Ashraf Ali,
Tasneem Nawaz, Ambreen Gul, Munim Farooq, Muhammad
Tariq, Muhammad Usman Arif, Farah Naz and Saman Riaz
CEMB University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz baig
Lahore
CEMB, being pioneer in developing insect and weedicide resistant crops, is

successful in approval of its insect and weedicide resistant cotton varieties
on commercial basis. To further enhance the toxin level next generation Bt
along with fusion gene strategy is also addressed to cope with challenges of
resistance buildup in insect pests. Advancement of technology to edit
different traits of crop plant is fundamental to be utilized for improvement of
major traits of plants like dealing with challenge of CLCuV in cotton,
enhancing the storage life of potato, development of potato with enhanced
vitamin A and development of resistance in potato against fungus and PVX,
PVY. Further abiotic stress tolerant crop is the challenge of current and years
to come to be dealt with genome editing is also established at CEMB. Two
success stories of genome editing through CRISPR Cas9 system includes
knock out of CLCuV targeting DNA A and Beta satellite akong with improved
shelf life of potato through knockout of Vlnv has been discussed in current
presentation. The knockout efficacy of the 72% for DNA-A, 90% of
betasatellitewas achieved during this study. The qPCR confirmed the
successful reduction of the vial titre and the feeding assay showed 90% of
mortality in the whiteflies. The study results were also validated by the
change in Alpha chain, Beta Chains, and loops of the 3D protein models of
native and edited proteins predicted with Alpha Fold2. The knockout
efficiency and the virus inoculation assay magnificently determined the faith
in using this technology for plant virus control along with its vector. The
amplicon sequencing data showed maximum indel frequency for potato plant
T12 (14.3%) resulting in 6.2% gene knockout and 6% frame shift. While for
plant B4, the maximum indel frequency of 2.0% was found which resulted in
4.4% knockout and 4% frameshift as analyzed by Geneious. The qRT-PCR
data revealed that mRNA expression of VInv gene was reduced 90–99-fold
in edited potato plants when compared to the non-edited control potato
plant. Following cold storage, chips analysis of potatoes proved B4 and T12
as best lines. Reducing sugars’ analysis by titration method determined
63
fivefold reduction in percentage of reducing sugars in tubers of B4

transgenic lines as compared to the control.
INCPS-2024-106 Integrating
Goals into Applied Research for Societal Impact
Tehreema Iftikhar
Applied Botany Lab, Department of Botany, Government college university,
Lahore, Pakistan
Email:dr.tehreema@gcu.edu.pk
The 2023 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) report presents a stark

reminder that many nations are still lagging in their commitment to the
SDGs. This shortfall is often due to a misalignment between current
research priorities and the critical objectives outlined by the SDGs. In this
keynote, we will explore methodologies for effectively aligning research
endeavors with the 17 SDGs, ensuring our work contributes to tangible
societal benefits and the well-being of future generations. Practical
strategies to transform laboratory research and industrial production
processes to support these global goals must be our priority. Emphasizing
key indicators essential for planning and executing research projects, we
need to know how integrating SDGs can enhance project relevance, attract
funding, and address real-world challenges. This approach not only
advances industrial profitability but also elevates educational standards,
creating a virtuous cycle of innovation and societal improvement. We must
learn, how embedding SDGs into research frameworks can drive meaningful
change and secure a sustainable future for all.
Keywords: SDGs; Societal Impact; Climate change; Sustainability; Business
profitability.
64
INCPS-2024-66 Ethnobotanical Studies, Phytochemical

Investigation and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Selected
Medicinal Plants of Family Zygophylaceae, District
Gilgit
Fozia , Qamar Abbas *, Sajjad Ali , Sher Wali Khan , Waqar

1 1 2 1
1 3 1
Hussain , Azhar Hussain , Maryam
1
Department of
PlantSciences,KarakorumInternationalUniversityGilgit_Baltistan
2
Department of Chemistry, Karakorum International University
Gilgit_Baltistan
3
Food and Agriculture Department,
KarakorumInternationalUniversityGilgit_Baltistan
Email:qamar.abbasbio@kiu.edu.pk
The present research study was conducted during 2021-23 in the Jalalabad,
Batkore and Shamogar valleys of district Gilgit. The Ethnobotanical data
was collected by using semi structured questionnaire and interviews. Total of
164 plant species were studies, representing 53 families and 123 genera.
Out of these 44 were herbs, 07 are shrubs and 14 were trees. On the basis
of life forms, 46 were classified as hemicryptophytes as dominant followed
by phanerophytes (45), therophytes (37), chaemephytes (33), geophyte (2)
and epiphyte (1) species. It was observed that, among the 53 families,
Asteraceae was a dominant family (19 species) followed by Rosaceae (14
species), Poaceae (11 species), Papilionaceae (11 species) and others had
less than 10 species. The ethnobotinacal studies revealed that out of 164
plants 65 are used for medication which belongs to 32 families and 52
genera. In medicinal perspective, the dominant family was Rosaceae (with 8
species), Asteraceae (6), Polygonaceae and Laminaceae (5) and other less
than (5) species. Leaves, fruit, root, seed and flowers have frequently been
utilized. The direct use of these plants was leading tradition as decoction,
powder, oil, paste and juice. Moreover, majority of the plant species were
used to treat respiratory, abdominal problems and back pain problems (11, 8
and 8 plants respectively). While two potential medicinal plant species
Peganum harmala and Tribulus terrestris were evaluated for bio assay
screening. The methanolic extract of Peganum harmala showed a significant
inhibition against the growth of bacterial strains like Escherichia coli 60 %,
Staphylococcus aureus 55 %, and moderate against Bacillus subtilis 25
%,Pseudomonas aeruginosa 20%while the Salmonella typhi shown no
inhibition. The methanolic extract of Peganum harmala applied to check the
antifungal activity against the Fusarium lini which is about 40%, Candida
glabarata 35%, Trichophyton rubrum 30%, and Candida albicans 20 %
respectively. Ttribulus terrestris plantmethanolic extract showed a significant
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 60%, Escherichia coli
50 %, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25 %, Bacillus subtilis 20 %, while the
salmonella typhi shown no inhibition. Anti fungal activity of Ttribulus
terrestris against Fusarium lini is about 45%, Trichophyton rubrum 40%,
Candida glabarata 30%and Candida albicans 20 %repectively. The fungal
65
strains Aspergillus niger, Microsperumcanisand Aspergillus fumigatusare

resistant against the both plant methanolic extracts. The anticancer activity
of Tribulus terrestris against prostate cell line was also found to be moderate
(28.2%). However, methanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris and Peganum
harmala showed a significant antioxidant activity. Tribulus terrestris showed
89% and Peganum harmala showed 79% DPPH free radical scavenging
activity. This study provides a comprehensive set of information on different
dimensions including floristic diversity, phytochemicals and validate the folk
wisdom regarding medicinal plants application.
INCPS-2024-105 AI and other Intelligent Manufacturing

Technologies Implications in Science Research for a
Sustainable World
Hammad Majeed
University of Management and Technology, Sialkot
Email: hammad.majeed@skt.umt.edu.pk
The world is evolving rapidly, and traditional technologies used in applied

and basic research are being transformed. With the advent of industrial
revolutions, the integration of intelligent manufacturing techniques across all
sectors has become a prerequisite for research endeavours. The application
of AI, big data, and real-time monitoring in both basic and applied research is
essential. To meet the demands of Industry 5.0 and Industry 6.0, we must
upgrade our traditional laboratories to achieve right-first-time results,
minimize batch-to-batch variations, and work towards net-zero emissions.
Adopting a circular economy, achieving net-zero carbon emissions, reducing
our carbon footprint, and embracing eco-friendly green synthesis with
sustainable approaches are imperative in our research. These challenges
can be effectively addressed with the latest AI, big data analytics, and real-
time monitoring technologies. We need to explore the profound impact of
these technologies on basic scientific research, demonstrating how they
accelerate discoveries, facilitate complex simulations, and enable data-
driven insights that were previously unattainable. The tangible benefits of
leveraging AI, big data, and intelligent manufacturing technologies in
advancing scientific knowledge and driving technological progress are
limitless. We need to highlight the transformative power of these
technologies in shaping the future of research and innovation.
INCPS-2024-254 Organic
Agriculture Particularly Cotton
Production-a new initiative in Pakistan for climate
change adaptation and mitigation
Yusuf Zafar
Vice President, Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC), Multan,
Pakistan
Email: yzafar23@gmail.com
66
Pakistan is among countries which emits lowest amount of Green House

gases (GHG) but among top ten vulnerable countries as per Global
Environment watch list. It is likely to be hit the hardest because of the myriad
food and health challenges, and the exploding population numbers. Cotton is
the life line for the economy of Pakistan due to its role in food, feed and fiber
sectors. Cotton is known as the “dirtiest” crop due to maximum use of
pesticides, fossil-fuel based synthetic fertilizers and water. In Pakistan up to
80% pesticides is being applied exclusively on cotton crop. In recent years’
global efforts have been made to reduce environment damage by cotton
crop by launching Better Cotton Initiatives which aimed to have judicious use
of all inputs. Realizing more compelling issues due to climate change and
serious challenges to cotton crop, Organic cotton platform was launched by
the textile fashion house consortium like Laudes Foundation, OCA and many
other international development partners.
Pakistan recently (2019) joined the community of organic cotton producers

and able to obtain third party certification for 34,000 organic cotton bales.
This remarkable journey of totally eliminating synthetic fertilizers as well as
of pesticides in some new cotton zones of Baluchistan. Because fossil fuel-
based fertilizers and most synthetic pesticides are prohibited in organic
farming, it has a significantly lower carbon footprint. Global studies show that
the elimination of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers alone, as is required in organic
systems, could lower direct global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by
about 20%. The organic cotton faring resulted in healthy soils by foregoing
most fossil fuel-based inputs, organic farmers are also more resilient and
adaptable not only to stressors related to climate change but also other
disruptive global stressors.
Efforts have also been made to architect Organic Agriculture (OA) Policy, OA
standards as well as Organic Agriculture Act thus setting the entire
landscape for organic agriculture in Pakistan. The success story of farming
organic cotton led by WWF-Pakistan and CABI-Pakistan its potential and
challenges will be shared.
INCPS-2024-287 Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms from

Grain to Grain Formation in Major Cereals: An
Overview
1* 2
Nudrat Aisha Akram , Pedro Garcia-Caparros , Muhammad
3
Ashraf
1
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad,
Pakistan
2
Department of Agronomy, Polytechnic School, University of Almeria, Spain
3 University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Email:nudrataauaf@yahoo.com
67
Cereal grain crops are naturally or anthropogenically exposed to multiple

stresses, which have led to considerable losses in crop production.
Increasing NaCl concentration in soil and water is one of the major threats
for the development of grain crops. The increasing demand of food by the
burgeoning human population has led to the adoption of new strategies to
achieve enhanced production of food grain crops on stress-ridden lands
including salt affected ones. Recent advances in modern topics like
genomics and biotechnology as well as conventional breeding approaches
are useful to generate salt resistant lines/cultivars of the grain crops, which
could thrive well on salt affected lands. Prior to exploiting conventional and
advanced biotechnological tools, detailed information on mechanism of salt
tolerance from whole to molecular level is indispensable. Since salt
tolerance is known as a multigenic trait, so the mechanism of salt tolerance
contemplated as quite intricate. This review sheds light on the mechanisms
and improvements achieved in salt resistance in grain crops through
different approaches such as conventional breeding, agronomic approaches,
and advanced biomolecular techniques such as bioengineering and marker
assisted selection.
Keywords Salinity stress .Wheat .Rice .Maize . Barley
68
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations –Agricultural Sciences
Oral Presentations
Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy,
Horticulture
INCPS-2024-119 Effect
of Arginine on Callogenesis,
Biochemical Alterations and Growth of Jackfruit
(Artocarpus heterophyllus L.)
1 1
Zahoor Ahmad Sajid , Kinza Nazir
1
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e- Azam Campus,
Lahore-54590
Email; zahoor.botany@pu.edu.pk
Artocarpus heterophyllus L. is tropical plant with recalcitrant seeds, belongs

to family Moraceae. The seeds with low germination rate make the
propagation of jackfruit tree challenging. Due to challenges associated with
seed, alternative methods utilizing different plant parts are employed to
multiply the plants. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate
the effect of arginine on in-vitro grown jackfruit tree. Each experiment was
conducted in randomized complete block design with 4 treatments
comprising of different concentrations of Arginine (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0 ppm).
Although rooting was not achieved till 180 days of experiment, however,
different concentrations (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0 ppm) of arginine significantly
promoted callogensis. The result of in vitro experiment revealed the
maximum percentage response of callus induction (90, 80%) and
proliferation of shoots under the treatment of 2.5, 3.0 ppm of arginine,
respectively. It was found that the application of arginine at varying
concentrations have a differential impact on biochemical indices, higher
concentrations of arginine (2.5, 3.0 ppm) lead to increase the total soluble
protein content (57.3, 65.8 mg/g) and a concomitant decrease to the total
soluble sugars (7.43, 4.97 mg/ml) and proline content (9.39, 8.30 µg/ml) as
compared to control (36.93 mg/g, 8.62 mg/ml, 22.05 30 µg/ml) respectively.
From results it concluded that arginine plays crucial role in initial stage of
plant development and affects the biochemical parameters. This research
highlights the valuable potential of arginine in plant tissue culture and
recommended the need for further investigations to overcome the
challenges in propagation of jackfruit tree.
Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus, Arginine, Biochemical alterations, Callogenesis
69
INCPS-2024-24 Allelopathic
Weed Management in
Different Wheat Cultivars under Arid Agro-climatic
Conditions in D.I. Khan, KP, Pakistan
Iqtidar Hussain*
Gomal University, Pakistan
Email: iqtidarhussain453@yahoo.com
Weeds are the major pest in achieving higher yield of any crop. Yield losses
have been reported from 5-100% indifferent crops by weeds. To study the
effect of weed management practices on weed control in wheat, an
experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Faculty of
Agriculture, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, for the year 2019-20 and 2020-21.
The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The
factor included in the experiment were varieties (Bakhtawar-92, Galaxi-13
and Fakhar-e-Bhakhar) being assigned to main plots while herbicides such
as broad spectrum herbicide, (2,4-D 72 EC+ Isoproturon 75 WP @623 and
-1
649 g a.i. ha , respectively). Broad leaf herbicide, (2,4-D 72 EC @ 711 g a.i.
-1 -1
ha ), grasses weeds herbicide, (Isoproturon 75 WP @968 g a.i. ha ), and
weedy check (no herbicide) were applied in sub plots. The experiment was
planted on 15 November in both years at Dera Ismail Khan. Data were
recorded on weed density and some Agronomic, morphological and
physiological traits of wheat. The data for the individual trait were subjected
to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated by LSD.
Variety Fakhar-e-Bhakhar was more productive and profitable than
Bakhtawar-92 and Galaxi-13. It’s produced higher number of tillers m-2 (6%
and 13%) grain yield (5% and 10%) over Galaxi-13 and Bakhtawar-92
respectively. The plots sown to Fakhar-e-Bhakhar, which is tallest and has
vigorous early growth had lesser number of grasses and broad leaves
weeds than other varieties. The application of broad spectrum herbicide
consistently controlled both grasses and broad leaf weeds in all varieties.
The increase in number of tillers m-2 (17%), number of productive tillers m-2
(18%), spikelet’s spike-1 (5%), 1000 grain weight (4%), biological yield
(19%), grain yield (21%), straw yield (18%), harvest index (11%), and net
profit (32%), over weedy check was due to application of broad spectrum
herbicide, which controlled both grasses and broad leaf weeds. The
interaction effect of broad spectrum herbicide with variety Fakhar-e-Bhakhar
produced significantly higher grain yield (24%). In the light of findings, it is
suggested that for the weed management in wheat, the broad spectrum
herbicide may be useful and beneficial treatment to obtain maximum output.
Keywords: Weeds, Management, Wheat, Cultivars, Herbicides, Grain yield
70
INCPS-2024-218 Hydrocolloids
Based Edible Coatings
Effectively Preserve the Postharvest Quality of Guava
Fruits During Ambient Storage
Shaista Gull, Shaghef Ejaz*, Sajid Ali
Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: shaghef.ejaz@bzu.edu.pk
Guava, a commercially important fruit crop, is prone to rapid spoilage and

physicochemical transformations during marketing, transport and storage.
The application of edible coating is emerging as a low-cost, simple to
implement and efficient method for extending the postharvest life of fresh
horticultural produces, such as fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to
assess the potential of edible coatings to improve storability and maintain
the overall fruit quality of stored guava fruits. Freshly harvested guava fruits
were coated with Albizia gum (AZG) and Xanthan gum (XG). After coating
treatment, the fruits were stored at 20 °C and 85–90 % relative humidity for
15 days. The results revealed that 4.5% AZG and 0.75% XG coatings
suppressed the weight loss and decay incidence as compared with control.
The AZG & XG coated fruits showed the remarkable ability to preserve
bioactive compounds, such as total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidants,
while minimizing the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as electrolyte
leakage, malondialdehyde and H2O2. Consequently, as compared to
uncoated fruits, AZG & XG-coated fruits exhibited reduced activities of fruit
softening enzymes. To sum up, the application of AZG- and XG-based edible
coatings could markedly improve the storage life of guavas and maintain
overall fruit quality during storage.
INCPS-2024-139 Artificial
Ripening of Date Palm Variety
Aseel Using Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Potassium
Hydroxide (KOH)
Zahida Parveen Markhand, GS Markhand, Tahira Jatt
Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan
Email: zahidamarkhand5@gmail.com
Date palm is the most important cash crop of Pakistan. The ripening of Date
Palm fruit is synchronizing with the monsoon season. Hence, the crop loss
purely depends on the density of monsoon rain. As in 2022 the 100% crop
was lost due to the heavy and continuous rain. There was a dire need to
explore the ways to save Date Palm crop from monsoon rain. The present
study discovers the use of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium hydroxide
(KOH) for artificial ripening of Aseel dates to enhance fruit quality and
mitigate weather-related damages. The fresh Aseel fruit at the early khalal
stage (physiologically not ripened) was subjected to different treatments of
NaCl and KOH to boost artificial ripening. The physical, chemical, and
nutritional characteristics of the fruit were assessed and compared across
71
treatments. The results demonstrated that the use of NaCl and KOH, either
individually or in combination, effectively accelerated the ripening process
from khalal to tamar (Dates) stage. The combination of 2.00% NaCl and
0.35% KOH emerged as the most efficient treatment which significantly
improved the physical and sensory attributes of the tamar fruit. The use of
chemicals shortened the ripening period of Date Palm fruit by two weeks
compared to natural ripening. This approach offers a promising alternative to
conventional ripening, potentially reducing post-harvest losses and
improving the economic viability of Aseel date production. These findings
provide valuable insights into improving the quality and yield of Aseel dates
under adverse climatic conditions, offering a workable alternative to
traditional ripening of fruit.
Key Words: Date palm, artificial ripening, sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium
hydroxide (KOH), monsoon, fruit quality, ripening acceleration, traditional ripening,
sensory evaluation
INCPS-2024-11 Karyotype
Variation and Comparative
Analysis of Native and Exotic Varieties of Date Palm
(Phoenix dactylifera L.) Growing in Pakistan
1* 1,2 1
Tahira Jatt , G.S. Markhand , Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi , Ray
3 4 2
Ming , Chuanliang Deng , Imtiaz Hussain , Abdul Aziz
1 1
Mirani ,Najmuddin Solangi
1
Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh,
Pakistan
2
Date Palm Research Institute (DPRI) Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur,
Sindh, Pakistan
3
Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign,
IL.61802 USA
4
College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China 453007
Email: tahira@salu.edu.pk
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a monocot and dioecious plant species
having uncertain diploidy levels because of scarcity of cytogenetic
knowledge. Chromosome number and karyotype was investigated of
commercial elite date palm cultivars grown in four provinces of Pakistan.
Additionally, the study includes comparison with exotic varieties. The
chromosome number of all the studied cultivars has been determined as
2n=36. The detailed karyotype of Date palm cultivars is presented which
includes total chromosome length (TCL), short and long arm length (SCL),
the relative length (RL) of each chromosome and centromeric index (CI).
The chromosome complement consists of metacentric (m), sub metacentric
(sm), sub telocentric (st) and telocentric (t) chromosomes and average
length of chromosomes varies in all cultivars which is ranging from 1.2 μm to
6.46 μm. It is believed that these karyological data will enhance the
karyological knowledge of date palm and will prove to be an important
source of information for new researches relating to the origin and advanced
varieties of this plant.
72
INCPS-2024-248 Evaluating the Interactive Impact of Nitrogen

Levels and Cultivars onYield Traits, Nitrogen use
Efficiency, Water use Efficiency and BenefitCost Ratio of
Ratoon Rice in Punjab, Pakistan
1 1 1 2
Wahab Abdul Wahab , Hussain M , Fatima Z , Ahmed M , Ahmad
1 *, 3 3
Shakeel Khan MA , Fawad M
1
Institute of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
2
Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University,
Rawalpindi
3
Department of Weed Science and Botany, The University of Agriculture,
Peshawar
Email: shakeelahmad@bzu.edu.pk
Ratooning of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is process of obtaining grain from tillers
that grow from crop stubbles that have already been harvested. Ratooning
has gained attention since it has a potential for obtaining yield with
conventional techniques. Field experiment was conducted during 2021–2022
at the research farm, Institute of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University
Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. The response of various nitrogen (N) levels (0, 25,
-1
50, 75, and 100 kg ha ) was studied on the growth and yield of three rice
cultivars (Guard Lp-02, Guard Lp-18, and Super Fine) grown as ratoon rice.
In cultivars, Guard Lp-02 and Guard Lp-18 were hybrid, but Super Fine was
a non-hybrid cultivar. The hybrid cultivars showed a significant response to N
-1
levels. The cultivar Guard Lp-18 with higher level of N 100 kg ha resulted in
more plant height, total tillers, fertile tiller, panicle length, and biological yield
while the higher number of branches and grains per panicle, 1000-grain
weight, and grain yield was achieved by Guard Lp-18 with the application of
-1
75 kg N ha . Maximum agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) and
economic nitrogen use efficiency (ENUE) was observed at cultivar Guard Lp-
-1
18 with N level of 50 kg ha . Likewise, water use efficiency (WUE) was
-1
recorded maximum at cultivar Guard Lp-18 with N level 75 kg ha . The
highest gross income, net income, and benefit cost ratio (BCR) were noted
-1 -1
at 75 kg N ha among all cultivars but Guard Lp-18 with 75 kg N ha
respond better in ratoon rice. Among rice cultivars, hybrid rice performed
better and out yielded non-hybrid cultivars in ratoon rice. The findings of this
study revealed that growing ratoon rice will be helpful for increasing farm
income; enhancing resources use efficiency and ensuring food security
under prevailing agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, Pakistan.
73
INCPS-2024-175 Inheritance of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus in

Back-cross Progenies (BC1 to BC3) Derived from
Linterspecific Cross Gossypium arboreum and
Gossypium hirsutum
1 2 2
Wajid Nazeer *,Abdul Latif Tipu , MuhammadTauseef , Khadim
2 2 2
Hussain , Shoaib Liaqat , Muhammad Hammad Hassnain
1
Department of Plant breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi
Khan, Pakistan,
2
Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan,
E-mail: wnazeer@gudgk.edu.pk
Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) is an important constraint to cotton

production. The resistance of G. arboreum to this devastating disease is well
documented. In the present investigation, we explored the possibility of
transferring genes for resistance to CLCuD from G. arboreum (2n = 26) cv
15-Mollisoni into G. hirsutum (2n = 52) cv CRSM-38 through conventional
breeding. We investigated the cytology of the BC1 to BC3 progenies of direct
and reciprocal crosses of G. arboreum and G. hirsutum and evaluated their
resistance to CLCuD. The F1 progenies were completely resistant to this
disease, while a decrease in resistance was observed in all backcross
generations. As backcrossing progressed, the disease incidence increased
in BC1 (1.7–2.0%), BC2 (1.8–4.0%), and BC3 (4.2–7.0%). However, the
disease incidence was much lower than that of the check variety CIM-496,
with a CLCuD incidence of 96%. Additionally, the disease incidence
percentage was lower in the direct cross 2(G. arboreum) x G. hirsutum than
in that of G. hirsutumx G. arboreum. Phenotypic resemblance of BC1, BC3
progenies to G. arboreum confirmed the success of cross between the two
species. Cytological studies of CLCuD resistant plants revealed that the
frequency of univalents and multivalents was high in BC1, with sterile or
partially fertile plants, but low in BC2 (in both combinations), with shy bearing
plants. In BC3, most of the plants exhibited normal bearing ability due to the
high frequency of chromosome associations (bivalents). The assessment of
CLCuD through grafting showed that the BC1 to BC3 progenies were highly
resistant to this disease. Thus, this study successfully demonstrates the
possibility of introgressingCLCuD resistance genes from G. arboreum to G.
hirsutum L.
Keywords: Interspecific hybridization, cotton leaf curl disease, cytology, back-cross
population
74
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations –Biochemistry, OMICS

INCPS-2024-44 LyciumRINNegativelyModulate
the
Biosynthesis of Kukoamine A in Hairy Roots through
Decreasing ThermospermineSynthaseExpression
1 1 4 1
Aysha Arif Chahel , Jinrong Wei , Yuan Ni , Xiaoyi Wei , Yuling
5 1,2,3 1,2,3
Zhao , Ying Wang *, Shaohua Zeng *
1
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of
South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement,
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and
Popular Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR
China
2
College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi
341000, PR China
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
4
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural
University, Tianjin 300000, PR China
5
Jinghe County Goji Industrial Development Center, Jinghe County, the
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 833300, PR China
E-mail addresses: yingwang@scib.ac.cn (Y. Wang), shhzeng@scbg.ac.cn
(S. Zeng).
Root bark (Lycii cortex) of Lyciumcontains high contents of characteristic

bioactive compounds, including kukoamine A (KuA) and kukoamine B (KuB).
RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) is well known as a master regulator of
Solanaceaous fruit ripening. However, the role of RIN in the biosynthetic
pathway of KuA in Lyciumremains unclear. In this study, integrated
transcriptomic, metabolomic analyses and hairy root system are used to
characterize the role of RIN in KuA biosynthesis in Lycium. The ultra-
performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass
spectrometry analysis revealed that KuA was significantly induced in LrRIN1
RNAi lines and not detected in overexpression lines. A total of 20,913
differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 60 differentially accumulated
metabolites (DAMs) were detected in LrRIN1 transgenic hairy roots, which
were used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Our result
reveals a high association between KuA and structural genes in the
phenolamide pathway, which shows a negative correlation with LrRIN1. In
addition, overexpression of the polyamine pathway gene thermospermine
synthase LcTSPMS, a potential target gene of LyciumRIN, increased the
contents of both KuA and KuB in L. chinensehairy root, indicating that
TSPMS is responsible for KuA biosynthesis and is also the common
upstream biosynthetic gene for both KuA and KuB. Our results lay a solid
foundation for uncovering the biosynthetic pathway of KuA, which will
facilitate the molecular breeding and genetic improvement of Lyciumspecies.
Keywords: Lycium RIN, Kukoamine A, Phenolamide, Thermospermine synthase
75
INCPS-2024-167 Isolation
And Antimicrobial Activity of
Patatin Tuber Storage Protein from
Solanum tuberosum: Insights from Phylogenetic
Analysis and Molecular Docking
1 1 2
Sarah Tariq , Hina Shaheen , Sohaib Mehmood , Sumaira
1 1 1
Rubbani , Muhammad Arslan Javed , Ahmad Riaz , Ahmed
2 1 1*
Akrem ,Muhammad Iqbal , Binish Khaliq
1
Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan, 56300
2
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan,
60800
Email:binish@uo.edu.pk
The utilization of plant-derived proteins as potential reservoirs of

antimicrobial agents has garnered considerable attention in recent years due
to their perceived effectiveness and safety. The current investigation is
centered on the isolation and characterization of Solanum tuberosumPatatin
(StP), a predominant protein (storage) present in the tubers of Solanum
tuberosum L. (potato), with purported antimicrobial attributes and
computational analysis. StP was isolated, purified, and quantified utilizing
ammonium sulfate precipitation and the Bradford reagent assay,
respectively, confirming its identity via SDS-PAGE, revealing a singular 42
kDa band. Examination of StP's primary sequence unveiled a theoretical
isoelectric point (pI) of 5.05, underscoring its pH-responsive nature.
Possessing an instability index of 32 and an aliphatic index of 83.73, StP
appears to be stable at ambient temperature and displays low
hydrophobicity. Investigation identified three potential ligand-binding regions
on StP, with a principal site exhibiting substantial surface area and volume.
Molecular docking investigations involved N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and
beta-glucan, pivotal constituents of bacterial and fungal cell walls,
manifested robust binding affinities (ΔG values ranging from -7.9 to -12.5
kcal/mol). Assessment through antimicrobial assays disclosed that StP
exhibited noteworthy activity against Aspergillus nigerandSclerotinia
sclerotiorum, resulting in appreciable zones of inhibition. However, the
antibacterial impacts varied, showcasing modest inhibition against
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Following successful
isolation, the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of the purified patatin was
assessed against a spectrum of clinically significant pathogenic bacterial and
fungal strains.
Key words:Patatin, Tuber storage protein, SDS-PAGE, Anti-microbial activity,
Molecular docking
INCPS-2024-50 Enhanced efficacy of Trypsin Inhibitors

through nanoencapsulation for control of stored
grain insect pest, Trogoderma granarium (Everts)
76
1 2 1
Sohaib Mehmood , Sarah Ahmed , Ahsan Saeed , Qamar
2 3 4
Saeed , Muhammad Najam-ul-Haqd , Binish Khaliq and Ahmed
1*
Akrem
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab,
Pakistan, 60800
2
Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab,
Pakistan, 60800
3
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,
Punjab, Pakistan, 60800
4
Botany Department, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan, 56300
Email: ahmedakrem@bzu.edu.pk
Attaining food security is crucial to feed increasing population. Minimizing

post-harvest losses is an effective solution to food scarcity. Since cereals are
staple food for most developing countries, there is a need to develop a
biopesticide against stored product pests to avoid post-harvest losses. The
current study involves the development of an eco-friendly tool to manage
stored product insect pests through the nanoencapsulation of plant-derived
Kunitz-type and Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors. The nanoencapsulation was
tested on Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Dermestidae; Coleoptera). The
insecticidal activity of both TIs was assessed through bioassays, with and
without nano-formulation (using Graphene Nanoparticles (GNPs) and Zinc
Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)), against T. granarium at three
concentrations (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/g). The insecticidal assays of both TIs
without nano-formulation delayed life stages development in T. granarium.
The results also revealed increased insecticidal activity of both TIs after
formulation with nanoparticles, among which the GNPs nano-formulation
was the more promising. The nano-formulated TIs have the potential to
control stored grain insect pests as an alternative to chemical pesticides.
INCPS-2024-127 Optimizing Expression and Refolding of

Nelumbo nucifera Chitinase for Crystallization
1, 3 1 2
Ahsan Saeed , Sohaib Mehmood , Saima Rasheed , Prince
3 3 1*
Rajaiah Prabhu , Christian Betzel and Ahmed Akrem
1
60800
2
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
3
Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Structural
Biology of Infection and Inflammation,
University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
Email:ahmedakrem@bzu.edu.pk
Plant chitinases are pathogenesis-related proteins, which are believed to be
involved in plant defense responses to pathogen infection. In this study,
comparative analysis of native chitinase extracted from Nelumbo nucifera
and recombinant chitinase gene cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.
Chitinase (32 kDa) was isolated and purified. Since the protein was
produced as insoluble inclusion bodies, the protein was solubilized using
77
dilution method that allows refolding of recombinant proteins, especially at

high protein concentrations, is to slowly add the soluble protein to refolding
buffer. For this purpose: first, the inclusion bodies containing insoluble
proteins were purified; second, the aggregated proteins were solubilized;
finally, the soluble proteins were refolded using glutathione redox system,
guanidinium chloride, dithiothreitol, sucrose, and glycerol, simultaneously.
Recombinant chitinase was purified by Ni-NTA affinity column
chromatography. Secondary structural elements of native and recombinant
chitinase were determined by Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy which
showed those exhibited well folded secondary conformations. The pure
proteins were concentrated up to 10 mg/ml and Dynamic light scattering
(DLS) showed a highly monodisperse status of the protein. The pure protein
(20mg/ml) showed phase separation followed by crystallization under high
salt concentration in the sitting drop method using commercial screens.
Chitinase was successfully expressed in E. coli and purified from insoluble
inclusion bodies.
Keywords: Chitinase, Circular Dichroism (CD), Crystallization,Inclusion bodies,
Nelumbo nucifera.
INCPS-2024-45 Comparative
In-Silico Analysis of Plant
Based Agonist of GABAB Receptor against Epilepsy
1,2 1 1
Uzma Ishaq , Misbah Hafeez , Ahsan Saeed , Sohaib
1 3 3 1
Mehmood , Shah Rukh , Najeebullah , Shumaila Maqsood ,
4 1*
Ishtiyaq Hussain andAhmed Akrem
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, 60800
2
Department of Botany, The Women University Multan, Pakistan, 60000
3
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan,
Pakistan
4
Department of Botany, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan, 16400
The current study is aimed on in silico studies plant-based agonist against

GABAB receptor against epilepsy. Epilepsy is currently considered to be
prominent neurological disorder with a global prevalence of approximately
50 million. It is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder which is
characterized by abnormal neural activity thereby causing seizures or
periods of unusual behavior, sensations and sometimes loss of awareness.
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), has been reported to be the principal
inhibitory neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex, which maintains the
inhibitory tone that counterbalances neuronal excitation and its deficiency
causes the said neural disorder thus can be improved by activating its
efficiency. Therefore to this end, primary sequence of two chains (A and B)
of Bos taurus GABAB were extracted from UniProtKB and subjected to
SWISS-MODEL for model prediction. The predicted model consists of 18
Alpha-helices, 18 Beta-sheets and 3 disulphide bonds. The structure has two
huge domains which capture the GABA like Venus fly trap and are
connected by a linker peptide to the seven transmembrane domains.
78
Predicted model was docked into four plant based ligands (Epigallocatechin
gallate, Apigenin, Hesperidin and Luteolin) via Autodock vina with good
binding free energy values. LIGPLOT of docked complexes showed
hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between GABAB and natural
compounds. These results suggest that plant based organic compounds are
good therapeutic agents as agonist of GABAB in the treatment of epilepsy.
Keywords: GABA receptor, Bos taurus, Epilepsy, Molecular docking
INCPS-2024-77 Evolutionary
Prediction of Fructose
Bisphosphate Aldolase from Different Plant
Species: An in Silico Approach
1 1 2
Sana Khalid *, Zainab Bibi , Muhammad Naveed Shahid
1
Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road,
Lahore. Pakistan.
2
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University
of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan.
Email: sanakhalidpu@gmail.com
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, often just aldolase, is anenzyme

catalyzing areversiblereactionthatsplitsthealdol,fructose1,6-
bisphosphate,intothetriosephosphatedihydroxyacetone phosphate
(DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). In this
studyproteinsequences of aldolase
forcomputationalanalysiswereretrievedfromNCBI database. An
Expasyprotparam tool was used to compute the physiochemical
parameters of the selected enzyme and its accuracy was checked by
MEGA (molecular evolutionary genetic analysis) version
6.1.TheclustalWprogramperformsmultiplealignmentofsequences in order
to construct the phylogenetictreeusingNeighbourjoiningmethod(NJ)
andUPGAMA. Theanalysiswasdonebyusing MEMEtool and data was
analyzed by using BLAST. Then SOPMA (self–optimized prediction
method with alignment) was used for the prediction of
secondarystructure. The comparative homology was done by using the
SWISS MODEL, evaluated by using CAT MODEL and verified by
ERRATvalue PROCHECK. Finally, protein –protein interaction was
determined by using
STRINGv10.0.Theaimofthestudyistounderstandthefructosebisphosphatee
volutionaryrelationshipof plant species and analyzed its physiochemical
characteristics, homology, phylogenetic treeconstruction, secondary
structure prediction and 3D modeling of protein sequence and
itsvalidationby using variety ofcomputationaltools.
Keywords:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, Evolutionary lineage, Bioinformatics
tools.
79
INCPS-2024-134 A Potent Plant Based Chitinase: Detailed

Structural Informatics and Insecticidal Activity
Against Helicoverpa. armigera
1 2 3 2
Shah Rukh , Ahmed Akrem , Qamar Saeed , Sohaib Mehmood ,
3 4 5 1*
Muhammad Nasir , Uzma Ishaq , Aqal Zaman , Najeeb Ullah
1
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan,
60800
2
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
3
Pakistan, 60800
4
Department of Botany Department, The Women University Multan Pakistan
60000
5
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetic, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan, Pakistan 60000
Email:najeebkhattak@bzu.edu.pk
Helicoverpaarmigera is damaging the global economy with annual loss of 5

billion USD worldwide. Class I family 19 chitinases are pathogenesis related
plant proteins that have ability to interact and hydrolyzed the chitin residues
of insects. The aim of this project is to evaluate the insecticidal potential of
Nelumbo nucifera chitinase (NnChi) against Helicoverpaarmigera through
structural informatics and insecticidal bioassays. LC-MS/MS analysis of
purified NnChi provided a single fragment of 10 amino acids which showed
100% identity with already reported chitinase of Mangifera indica in NCBI.
SDS-PAGE showed a single band of ~32 kDa under reduced conditions.
NnChi predicted structure revealed its two domains (ChBD and CatD)
connected through linker region typical to Class I, Family 19 chitinases.
Molecular docking analysis confirmed the strong binding affinities of ChBD
and CatD domains with chitin oligomer showing values of -5.6 and -6.2
kcal/mol respectively. MD simulation studies of 100 ns showed that 4
residues (RQCR) of ChBD and 4 residues (NRIP) of CatD are contributing in
the binding of chitin oligomer in each domain. These computational findings
were further verified through insecticidal assay. So, the combination of
structural informatics and in-vivo functional analysis depicted that NnChi has
potential to control Helicoverpaarmigera insect pest.
INCPS-2024-43 Assessing
the Impact of Green-
Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Wheat
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Protein Quantification
under Heat Stress in Pakistan's Changing Climate
Naveed Iqbal Raja*, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani, and Muhammad
Iqbal
Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi,
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Email: drnaveedraja@uaar.edu.pk
80
In the present investigation, the role of GS-AgNP treatment in wheat plants

was carried out in reducing heat stress with the aim of facilitating scientists
on this topic. The effect of GS-AgNPs against heat stress has rarely been
deliberated in wheat plants, and only a few studies have been established
earlier in this scenario. This work illustrated the effect of GS-AgNPs on the
regulation of carbohydrates metabolism, SOD, proteins, crude fibers, and
minerals changes in wheat plants. Data were analysed using PCA analysis,
correlation parameters, and normal probability distribution in PAST 3
software. The results indicated that heat stress alone caused severe
changes in carbohydrates metabolism, SOD, proteins, crude fibers, and
minerals immediately so that plants could not recover without foreign
stabilizers such as GS-AgNPs. The application of GS-AgNPs increases the
flux of carbohydrates metabolism, SOD, and proteins, including HSPs, crude
fibers, and minerals, in wheat plants to reduce the effect of heat stress. The
50 mg/l concentration of GS-AgNPs has shown an increase in
carbohydrates metabolism and SOD activity, while crude fibres have shown
a significant enhancement at 100 mg/l of GS-AgNPs. The crude and true
proteins were also shown pronounced increase in treatment to a
concentration of 50 mg/l of GS-AgNPs. GS-AgNPs stimulated HSP
production; most importantly, smHSP production was observed in the
present results with other HSPs in wheat plants treated with a 50 mg/l
concentration of GS-AgNPs. The mineral distribution was also regulated by
the respective treatment of GS-AgNPs, and the highest amounts of Ca, P
and Fe were found to be highest in wheat under heat stress. In general, we
computed the expected model based on GS-AgNPs on the genes/factors
that respond to heat stress and their potential role in mitigating heat stress in
wheat. In addition, we discussed the prospective signalling pathway
triggered by GS-AgNPs in wheat against heat stress. In the future, this work
might be helpful in distinguishing the genetic variation due to GS-AgNPs in
promoting tolerance in wheat against heat stress.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum; Nanobiotechnology, Metabolism; Minerals; Fibres; Heat
Shock Protein
INCPS-2024-273 Protein
Models & DNA Barcoding of
Lamiaceae Species from Poonch Valley, AJK,
Pakistan
1,2 1,3
Rehana Kausar , Nazia Arif
1
Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,
Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
2
Department of Applied Chemistry and Food Science, Fukui University of
Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
3
UF Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, USA
Email: rehana_ajku@yahoo.com
Lamiaceae is the sixth-largest angiosperm family and the largest one in the
order ‘Lamiales’. The family members are widely used for medicinal
81
purposes and to produce perfumes, oils, and culinary products. There are 21
Genera and approximately 36 species of Lamiaceae in Poonch valley, Azad
Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. It is important to identify and characterize the
Lamiaceae species to explore its taxonomical status. The current research
was conducted based on DNA sequence data to assess the current status of
Lamiaceae species. DNA barcoding of Lamiaceae is performed to ensure
correct identification and to address the issue of adulteration. For this
purpose, Lamiaceae plants were collected from different regions of Poonch
valley. The total genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves of these
species. Three plastid barcoding loci (rps11, rbcLa, and trnL-trnF) were
chosen for PCR amplification. The amplified products were purified through
PCR cleanup with an ExoSAP kit and sent to Eurofins Genomic Company,
USA for sequencing. Electropherograms were assembled and edited
byGeneious 6.1.8 software. The novel sequences were compared against
previously available data using GenBank services and the Basic Local
Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). In the current study, rps11, rbcLa, and trnL-
trnF regions were successfully amplified and sequenced in 97% (35), 85%
(30), and 75% (26) species respectively. Based on BLAST, 100%, 91%, and
41% of the rps11 sequences were accurately identified at the family, genus,
and species levels respectively. Furthermore, 100%, 100%, and 63% of the
rbcLa sequences were identified at the family, genus, and species levels,
respectively; and 86%, 86% and 46% of the trnL-trnF sequences were
accurately identified at the family, genus, and species levels, respectively.
Moreover, in the present findings, rbcLa is suggested as the best plant
barcode among the potential molecular markers for Lamiaceae with success
rate of 100% and 73% for genus and species level, respectively.
Key words: DNA barcoding, Lamiaceae, rbcLa, rps11, trnL-tmF
82
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations –Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity Conservation
INCPS-2024-64 Integrating
Biodiversity Conservation into
Sustainable Agriculture: Strategies for Food Security
1 2 1
Talha Riaz , Muhammad Atiq Ashraf , Muhammad Moeid Khan ,
3 4 5 6
Mahnoor , Asma Kalsoom , Rabiya Riaz , Mueed Ahmad , Adil
1 1 7 8
M. Abker , Zaiba Bibi , Burhan Khalid , Tanveer Ahmad , Md.
1 9 1 1*
Shabudden Ahamed , Sadia Ansar , Jin Yongguo , Fu Xing
1
College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan, China
2
College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural
University, Wuhan, China
3
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
4
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha,
Pakistan
5
Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
6
Medical and Bioinformatics Engineering College, Northeastern University,
Shenyang, China
7
College of Plant Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
8
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II,
Naples, Italy
9
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Email: fuxing@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Global food security depends increasingly on the convergence of

sustainable agriculture and biodiversity protection. This study delves into the
interrelationships between biodiversity and agricultural methods,
emphasising the vital function that a variety of plant species play in
augmenting ecosystem services including soil fertility, insect control, and
pollination. Through an analysis of several case studies and scholarly
publications, this study pinpoints practical approaches for integrating
biodiversity into agricultural systems. Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA)
techniques, which have been demonstrated to increase agricultural
production and biodiversity, include crop diversification, agroforestry, and
organic farming. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and other
international frameworks emphasise these practices' significance in
accomplishing sustainable development objectives. Furthermore, the
promotion of integrated pest control and a decrease in the use of chemical
inputs are emphasised as critical measures for maintaining biodiversity in
agricultural settings. The assessment emphasises that to successfully adopt
biodiversity-friendly agricultural methods, community engagement, farmer
education, and policy integration are essential. Agriculture may help
conserve genetic resources and improve climate change resistance by
83
promoting these synergies, which will eventually promote food security for
expanding people.
INCPS-2024-67 Harnessing Plant Diversity to Ensure

Food Security: Strategies and Implications
Saira Sameen, Majeeda Rasheed
Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Freed University of Engineering and
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan
Email: sairasameen294@gmail.com
The world's increasing population, mixed with the stressful situations posed
by way of using climate alternate, has made ensuring international food
protection even extra pressing. Exploiting plant genetic diversity, which
include underutilized agricultural species, is considered as a likely choice to
this intense problem. Genetic range offers the muse for the development of
novel and more productive crop sorts which are proof towards pests and
illnesses and adaptable to moving environmental conditions. Underutilized
crop species, such as Bambara groundnut, have great genetic assets and
favorable abilities that might help make bigger a greater numerous and
resilient agricultural device. This precis explores thoughts for the use of plant
variety to increase food safety and the potential outcomes of such a
technique.The worldwide agricultural system presently specializes in a small
number of important crop species, posing a threat to meals protection, in
particular in light of weather change. recognizing the relevance of underused
plants, instructional groups, governments, and policymakers around the
sector have underlined the want to broaden them to satisfy rising food call
for. Underutilized plants, with their genetic assets and acceptable
capabilities, can offer new food resources and assist to diversify the
agricultural device, that is crucial for tackling meals and nutritional safety
problems.
Keywords: Climate change, Diversity, Food safety
INCPS-2024-16 Evaluating the Efficiency of Chloroplast

Markers as Barcodes for Abutilon Species
Identification: Biodiversity Conservation and
*1 2 3
Ishrat Jamil, Uzma Munir, Rubina Abid
1
Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
(KIBGE), University of Karachi
2
Center for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi
3
Department of Botany, University of Karachi
Email: ishratjamil.kibge@gmail.com
84
The genus Abutilon, encompassing 150-200 species worldwide, is vital for

horticulture, traditional medicine, agriculture, and food production. Accurate
species identification is crucial for effective biodiversity conservation and the
sustainable use of these plants. This study evaluates the efficiency of
chloroplast DNA regions matK, psbA-trnH, and their combination
(matK+psbA-trnH) as barcoding markers for identifying Abutilon species.
DNA from eight Abutilon species and one outgroup (Sida ovata) was
analyzed. Both matK and psbA-trnH primers achieved 100% success in PCR
amplification and sequencing. The psbA-trnH region demonstrated a distinct
barcoding gap between intraspecific and interspecific divergence, offering
higher species discriminatory power and supporting monophyletic clades
with significant bootstrap values (>60%). Combining matK with psbA-trnH
did not enhance species resolution beyond psbA-trnH alone. The superior
performance of the psbA-trnH marker underscores its potential for precise
species discrimination and phylogenetic analysis of Abutilon. This study
highlights the importance of accurate species identification in conserving
plant biodiversity and promoting sustainable agriculture, advocating for the
integration of advanced DNA barcoding techniques in ecological and
agricultural research.
INCPS-2024-21 The Floristic Composition, Structure, and

Ecological Value of Planted Forest
Zohaib-U-Din*
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University-45320 Islamabad,
Pakistan
Email:zohaibjamali517@gmail.com
The floristic composition means the pattern of plant species distribution in

certain region of the world. Forest floristic composition affected by natural
and anthropogenic influence essential for understanding the fundamental
ecological process and ecosystem services. The current study aims to
document the floristic composition, diversity along the soil gradient. We
sampled 100 plot (20 m × 2o m), (5 m × 5 m), (1m × 1m) for trees, shrubs
and herbs in spring 2023. PC-ORD, CANOCO, and R software were used
for two-way cluster, CCA, and linear regression analysis respectively. A total
36 plants species was documented belong to 21 different families which
consist of herbs (53%) followed by shrubs (14%) and tree (33%)
respectively. The results shows that Shannon diversity has a positive
relationship with p.H and TDS of soil. However, the E.C, organic matter and
nitrogen had a negative correlation with Shannon diversity. The floristic
diversity is affected by deforestation, over exploitation, over grazing, and
natural disaster. Based on results of study, the forest floristic diversity and
ecosystem will be conserved using criteria for species population structure
due to different anthropogenic and natural based activities. The study
revealed that there is a need for conservation priority of trees, sherbs and
herbs with low floristic pattern and structure.
Keywords: Floristic composition, Shannon diversity, Soil gradient, Forest ecosystem
85
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations –Microbiology and Plant Microbe
Interaction
INCPS-2024-75 Characterizing of the Soil Microbial
Community in Poplars of Diverse Health Status in the
Bashing Plateau: Insights from a Semiarid Region of
China
1 2 3 1
Asia Bibi , Muhammad Tahir , Areeba Bano , Zhang Xiao , Liu
1 1*
Jinhao , Xin Zhongbao
1
College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing
100083, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering
Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key
Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental
Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and
Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
3
Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of
Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,
China
Email: malikuaf2011@gmail.com
Rhizosphere soil microbes are closely related to forest health. Poplar trees
of the Three-North Shelterbelt Project have been implemented for four
decades in a semiarid region and show a significant degradation trend in the
Bashang Plateau of North China. This study explore the soil microbial
community formed by poplar trees under different health states. Through
field investigation, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of poplar trees with
different health status were obtained, soil physical and chemical analyses
were carried out and soil microbial community structure, diversity and their
influencing factors were analyzed based on high-throughput sequencing.
The results showed that there are 34 phyla, 89 classes, 105 orders, 209
families, and 266 genera of soil bacteria and 11 phyla, 36 classes, 103
orders, 207 families and 345 genera of soil fungi. The dominant bacterial
phyla (≥ 5%) were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and
Chloroflexi, and the dominant fungi phyla were Ascsomycota and
Basidisomycota. In rhizosphere soil, the soil bacterial richness and evenness
of degraded poplar were lower than those of healthy and dying poplars,
while the soil fungi abundance was higher than that of healthy and dying
poplars. The soil microbial communities between the rhizosphere and non-
rhizosphere of degraded and healthy poplar trees had differences, while
dying poplar did not show such a difference, which indicated that
degradation had a significant effect on soil microorganisms.The main
influencing factor of soil microbial distribution in healthy poplar is carbon and
nitrogen sources in soil. When poplars died, their influencing factors were
transformed into various enzymes. It was concluded that decay caused by
the soil degradation enhance the promotion of enzymes on the
decomposition and utilization of organic matter by microorganisms in poplar
soil. This study on the Bashang Plateau's soil microbial community of
86
Interaction
poplars with varying health status can offer insights for identifying the causes
of degradation and inform effective soil management practices.
Keywords: Poplar; Healthy state; Soil microbes; Rhizosphere soil
INCPS-2024-25 Mitigating
Heavy Metal Pollution in
Pakistan: The Role of Microbial-Assisted
Phytoremediation
Amanat Ali*, Qurban Ali Panhwar and Nizamuddin Depar

Soil Microbiology Group, Soil & Environmental Sciences Division, NIA
Tandojam
Email: amanatali80@gmail.com
Heavy metal pollution in soil poses a significant environmental challenge in

Pakistan, adversely affecting public health and agricultural productivity. This
study reviews various strategies for mitigating heavy metal contamination,
including phytoremediation, chemical immobilization, and soil washing.
Phytoremediation employs plants to extract heavy metals but is limited by
slow remediation rates and disposal issues. Chemical immobilization
reduces metal bioavailability but serves as a temporary solution,
necessitating repeated applications. Soil washing effectively removes heavy
metals but is costly and generates contaminated wastewater. This study
highlights the potential of bacterial-assisted phytoremediation as a
promising, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative. By synergizing the use
of plants with specific microorganisms, this innovative approach enhances
the remediation process, improving plant growth and facilitating heavy metal
uptake, with reported removal efficiencies of up to 90% for lead (Pb), 60-
80% for cadmium (Cd), and 70% for arsenic (As). Furthermore, microbial-
assisted phytoremediation significantly improves soil quality by enhancing
nutrient availability, reducing toxicity, and promoting better soil structure,
leading to increased agricultural output of 30-50% in contaminated soils. It
can also improve public health by reducing heavy metal exposure,
potentially benefiting 30-50% of the population in heavily contaminated
regions. Additionally, this method can restore up to 90% of contaminated
ecosystems and enhance biodiversity. As research in this field evolves, the
potential for these innovative approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of
heavy metal contamination remains substantial. This study underscores the
necessity for a combination of techniques, particularly phytoremediation and
microbial-assisted phytoremediation, to achieve a more effective and
sustainable solution for soil remediation in Pakistan.
Keywords: Soil contamination, Public health, Agricultural productivity, Microbial-

assisted phytoremediation, Ecosystem restoration
87
Interaction
INCPS-2024-145 Antibacterial,
Antifungal Activity and
Phytochemical Characterization of Citrus Fruit Peel
and Pulp
1 2 2*
Abeer Zahra , Sana Shahid , Khizar Hayat Bhatti , Muhammad
1 3 3
Zubair , Muhammad Tanveer , Muhammad Ishtiaq and Noshia
2
Arshad
1
Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-
50700
2
Department of Botany, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-
50700
3
Department of Botany, University of Bhimber AJK, Bhimber-10040, Pakistan
Email:khizar.hayat@uog.edu.pk
Pakistan is big citrus producer so present research was executed to

appraise the phytochemical attributes, antimicrobial and antifungal activities
of Citrus limon, C. reteculata, C. paradise and C. limetta. In the preliminary
examination solvent extracts were assessed for total phenolics, flavonoids,
saponins, terpenoides. Significant presence of bioactive compounds
flavonoid, steroids, phenols, saponin, terpenoids in peel and pulpof the citrus
species. Presence of bioactive compounds directed the research for
antimicrobial potential and samples of selected citrus species were tested
against microbes and identified very promising antimicrobial activity against
fungus and bacteria. Dilution method and disk diffusion method was used for
antifungal activity and antibacterial activity respectively. Samples showed
significantly reduction in fungal biomass with enhanced concentration trend
in acetone solvent than ethanol. Whereas, both ethanol and acetone extract
showed zone of inhibition against all bacterial strains at 50 mg/mL
concentration. For supporting research study characterization of citrus
samples was performed using GC-MS (QP2010 Shimadzu) for identification
of different bioactive compounds. Many inter varietal chemicals were found
through mass spectrometry analysis. Presence of bioactive phenolic and
flavonoids, aldehydes and kenotic compounds in selected citrus specie with
confirmation of antibacterial and antifungal activity it may be concluded that
citrus species of Pakistan has great potential of nutraceutical applications.
INCPS-2024-190 Investigation
of Chromium-Reducing
Potential of Indigenous Microbial Strains in Tannery
Wastewater
1 1 2 3
Saima Asif , Hamid Manzoor , Sabir Hussain , Kausar Malik and
1*
Sumaira Rasul
1
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya
University,
Multan 60800, Pakistan
88
Interaction
2
College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Government College
University,
Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
3
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Punjab University, Lahore.
Email: dr.sumaira@bzu.edu.pk
Anthropogenic activities driven by agricultural, urban and industrial

demands have polluted the earth through uncontrolled disposal of
contaminated wastewater. Tannery wastewater contains numerous organic
and inorganic chemicals which are used during leather production. These
chemicals are released as pollutants into the tannery wastewater drains thus
6+
ultimately polluting the nearby soil and water resources. Chromium (Cr ) is
one of these chemicals/pollutants which poses serious risks to human,
animal, and plant health, highlighting the urgent need for innovative, cost-
6+
effective, and environment friendly methods to remove Cr from the
6+
wastewater. Multiple strategies are employed to remediate Cr , and among
these, microbial bioremediation is emerging as a noteworthy approach
gaining global attention. This investigation aimed to identify and characterize
6+
bacterial strains capable of reducing Cr from tannery wastewater. In this
6+
study, several bacteria resistant to high levels of Cr were isolated from
6+
tannery effluents, exhibiting varying degrees of Cr reduction under static
conditions at room temperature. Notably, two bacterial isolates (Bacillus sp.
and Shewanella sp.) demonstrated remarkable efficiency, achieving over
6+
90% reduction of Cr in the medium. Both isolates showed resilience
2+ 2+
against various other metal ions, including zinc (Zn ), cobalt (Co ), nickel
2+ 2+ 2+
(Ni ), cadmium (Cd ), and lead (Pb ). Furthermore, these strains were
6+
able to reduce Cr while maintaining tolerance to fluctuations in NaCl
concentrations and pH levels. The findings suggest that these bacterial
isolates hold significant potential for bioremediation applications in
wastewater contaminated with hexavalent chromium.
Keywords: Bioremediation; Tannery effluent; Hexavalent chromium; Bacillus sp.;
Shewanella sp.
INCPS-2024-191 Pesticide-Tolerant Rhizobacteria

Enhance Malathion Tolerance in Cotton Plants
Through Physiological Mechanisms
1 1 1*
Iqra Sabir , Kashfa Feroz Khan , Tahir Naqqash
1
University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 6800, Pakistan
Email: tahirnaqqash@bzu.edu.pk
The increasing frequency and severity of crop pests and diseases due to
global warming necessitate sustainable pest management strategies.
Organophosphate pesticides, such as malathion, are commonly used to
89
Interaction
control these threats, but their environmental toxicity is a significant concern.
However, biological remediation offers a promising alternative for mitigating
pesticide pollution. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of a
bacterial strain [M2(4)], for bioremediating malathion-contaminated cotton
soil. M2(4), a gram-negative bacterium isolated from cotton rhizosphere,
exhibited remarkable malathion degradation capabilities and possessed
various plant growth-promoting traits. It demonstrated proficiency in
ammonia production, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production,
bioflocculant production, exopolysaccharides production, and biofilm
formation. M2(4), being the best malathion-degrading and plant-growth
promoting strain was further evaluated in pot experiment using cotton plants.
Results showed that cotton plants cultivated in malathion-contaminated soil
(0-4.5 mM) exhibited significant reductions in growth parameters,
photosynthetic attributes, and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, the
maximum decrease was observed at 4.5 mM concentration of malathion.
Although, the inoculation with M2(4) significantly ameliorated these adverse
effects by enhancing plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant
defense mechanisms, while simultaneously reducing malondialdehyde and
hydrogen peroxide levels. These findings highlight the potential of M2(4) as
a promising bioremediator for mitigating the detrimental impacts of malathion
contamination on cotton agriculture. Further research is necessary to
elucidate the mechanisms underlying bioremediation capabilities of M2(4)
and evaluate its field-scale applicability.
Keywords: Malathion, Bioremediation, PGPR, Cotton, Antioxidants
90
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Mycology and Plant Pathology
Mycology, Plant Pathology and Disease

Management
INCPS-2024-113 Exploration
of Symbiotic Association
and Identification of Fungal Species from Roots of
Wheat in District Bhimber, Azad Kashmir
1* 1 1
Tanveer Hussain , Saleha Batool Munir , Aroosa Azeem ,
1
Rawish Sikander
1
Department of Botany, Azad Jammu & Kashmir University of Bhimber,
Bhimber-10040, AJK
Email: Tanveer.botany@must.edu.pk
This study was determined the frequency of symbiotic interactions between

Triticum aestivum and fungi. The root volume, dry biomass and fertility of
wheat as well as the fungus growth rate were measured in order to assess
the interactions between the wheat crop and the fungi. A greater
understanding of the extent to which these interactions affect population and
community dynamics needs the assessment of the role played by the
ecological context (biotic/abiotic) under which the interactions developed.
Mortierella, Penicillium sp, Arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi. Paraglomus,
Piriformospora indica, Lachnum, Serendipita fungi were isolated from the
soil and roots of the wheat crop from the fields of Barnala. Except
Sistoterma, all fungi were isolated from Samahni. Recent years have seen a
shift in the emphasis of conceptual models of biological interactions from
competition and predation to symbiotic interactions. Mortierella, Penicillium
sp, Arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi, Paraglomus,Piriformospora indica,
Lachnum, Sistotrema, Podospora,Serendipitafungiwere among the isolated
species from wheat fields of the study area. Mortierella had the highest
frequency and appearance percentages, at 21.6 and 20.4%, respectively.
Penicillium sp came in second with a frequency and appearance percentage
of 16.11 % and 14.10 %, respectively. The relative abundance and isolation
frequency in different seasons also showed the diversity of symbiotic fungi in
different seasons and locations.
INCPS-2024-72 Efficacy
of Parthenium hysterophorus-
Based Silver, Copper, and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles
in Citrus Canker Management
Muhammad Atiq*, Azeem Akram, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Abdul
Rehman, Muhammad Usmani Ali, Ahmad Nawaz,
JahanzaibMatloob and Asad Ullah
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Email:dratiqpp@gmail.com
91
This study examines the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles

(AgNPs), copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), and nickel oxide nanoparticles
(NiONPs) synthesized from Parthenium hysterophorus for the management
of citrus canker. Characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using
several advanced techniques to determine their size and confirm their
structural properties. The size and morphology of the synthesized
nanoparticles were analyzed through Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM), which provided high-resolution images revealing the AgNPs to be
approximately 50 nm in diameter, CuNPs to be around 11 nm, and NiONPs
to be about 23 nm. Additionally, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was
employed to assess the size distribution and stability of the nanoparticles in
suspension. The results from DLS complemented the TEM findings,
confirming the particle sizes and ensuring consistent measurements. X-ray
Diffraction (XRD) analysis further supported the structural characterization
by identifying the crystalline phases of the nanoparticles, verifying the purity
and composition of the synthesized materials. The anti-Xanthomonas citripv.
citri (Xcc) potency of these green-based nanoparticles was investigated
under both lab and field conditions. In vitro assessment was performed at
concentrations of 15, 30, and 45 µg/mL. At the highest concentration of 45
µg/mL, AgNPs exhibited the maximum inhibition zone of 24.08 mm, followed
by CuNPs (20.21 mm) and NiONPs (18.3 mm). In the field-scale study,
nanoparticles were tested at concentrations of 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and
200 µg/mL. At the highest concentration of 200 µg/mL, AgNPs showed
minimum disease incidence (22.26%) followed by CuNPs (27.29%) and
NiONPs (34.21%) as compared to the control. Future research should focus
on scaling up NPs application and investigating their mechanisms to
optimize their use in managing citrus canker.
Keywords: Citrus canker, Parthenium hysterophorus, Green Synthesis, Bioreduction,

NPs
INCPS-2024-73 Assessment of Biocidal Potential of

Desert Phyto-Extracts for the Management of Whip
Smut of Sugarcane
Nasir Ahmed Rajput*, Ameer Jan, Muhammad Atiq, Abdul

Rehman, Nasir Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Usman Ali, Hadeed
Ahmad, Ahmad Nawaz and Muhammad Wahab
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan
Email: nasir.ahmed@uaf.edu.pk
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is an important agro-industrial crop,

widely grown for its high sugar content. It is a source of 85% of global sugar
consumption, it is susceptible to various diseases that can significantly
reduce the quantity and quality of the crop. Whip smut, caused by
Sporisoriumscitamineum, is a major disease that affects sugarcane
92
production. Understanding the disease is important for protecting sugarcane

production, ensuring economic stability for growers, and maintaining the
supply of sugar and related products to consumers. This study aims to
manage the whip smut of sugarcane by using desert plant extracts as sett
treatment and foliar spray methods. In greenhouse conditions, the study
found that five extracts were effective in managing whip smut: Rhazya
stricta, Calotropis procera, Peganum harmala, Citrullus colocynthis, and
Salvadora oleoides. R. stricta was the most effective and evaluated in field
conditions with three concentrations. It significantly suppressed the disease
in both foliar spray and sett treatment methods and improved the quality and
quantity of the crop. This study also determined the Total Phenolic Content
(TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of R. stricta methanol extracts
through a spectrophotometric assay. The extracts were found to contain
abundant phenolic and flavonoids, which can also induce systemic
resistance in plants, reduce disease severity, and provide eco-friendly
alternatives to synthetic pesticides.
Keywords: Rhazya stricta, Calotropis procera, Peganum harmala, Citrullus

colocynthis, and Salvadora oleoides
INCPS-2024-32 Two
New Species of Genus
Coprinopsis(Psathyrellaceae, Basidiomycota) from
Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
*1 2 3
Rizwana Nawaz , Muhammad Usman , Sibgha Noreen , Habib-
4 5
ur-Rehman Athar ,Abdul Nasir Khalid
1,3,4
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800, Multan,
Pakistan
2,5
Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany,
University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
Email:rizwana.nawaz786@gmail.com
During surveys of macrofungi in Dera Ghazi Khan in 2023, unique

mushrooms were collected. Detailed morphoanatomical and DNA analyses
identified these specimens as belonging to the genus Coprinopsis.
Phylogenetic studies revealed two species that seem to be new and
proposed here as Coprinopsisderaghaziensis(section Quartoconatae) and
C. cinerascens(section Niveae). Phylogenetic analyses involved the Internal
Transcribed Spacer and Large Subunit regions of ribosomal DNA.
Coprinopsisderaghaziensisis distinguished from its nearest species, C.
musae, by its campanulate to conical, non-striated pileus, basidiospores with
a germ pore, absence of cheilocystidia, and the presence of pleurocystidia
and caulocystidia. C. cinerascensdiffers from its closest species, C. nivea, by
its applanate pileus, smaller velar elements (20−28.5 × 11−22.8 μm), and
smaller hexagonal basidiospores (11 .5 × 9 μm). As a result of this study, the
current number of Coprinopsisspecies in Pakistan has increased to ten.
93
INCPS-2024-76 CombineRole of Endophytic Fungi and

Seaweeds in Induction of Systemic Resistance in
Sunflower Against Root Rotting Fungi, and GC-MS
Profiling of Mycelium of Penicillium citrinum
1* 1 2 3
Faizah Urooj , Hafiza Farhat , Sana Riaz , Maria Azam
1
Agricultural Biotechnology & Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of
Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
3
Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
E-mail: faizaurooj29@hotmail.com
Thirty isolates of fungi were isolated and identified based on their

morphological feature. Species of fungi were identified as Penicillium
citrinum, Fusarium anthphillum, Fusarium culmorum, Aspergilusterreus,
Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavos, Penicillium italicum, Fusarium solani,
Drechslera, Alternaria, Trichoderma viridae, Curvularialunata, Fusarium
proliferatum and Aspergilus fumigatus. The efficacy of isolates of endophytic
fungi with seaweeds (Padina pavonica, Melanothalamusafaqhussaini) have
shown significant results against four common root rotting fungi. In this
study, biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi and seaweeds were evaluated
against root rotting disease in sunflower, on induced systemic resistance,
and compound characterization of n-hexane mycelial extract of Penicillium
citrinum. Most of the treatment showed significant (P<0.05) results of R.
solani,F.solani and M. phaseolina as relation to control plants. Application of
P. citrinum showed highest plant height, shoot weight. P. citrinum showed
significant result for resistant biomarkers viz., antioxidant activity, salicylic
acid, and total polyphenols as compared to untreated control plants. GC-MS
analysis of n-hexane extract of mycelium of P.citrinumrevealed the presence
of variety of 17 different chemical compounds were obtained from mycelium
fraction. Volatile compound such as normal hydrocarbon (alkane and
alkene), fatty acid, alcohol, ether, terpenoids and benzene derivatives
including cyclohexane and other compounds that were found among the
volatile metabolites were identified by mass spectral data b1zase.
INCPS-2024-168 Xerophoruspunjabensis
(Callistosporiaceae), a New Gilled Mushroom Species
from Southern Punjab, Pakistan
1 2 3
Ayesha Bibi* , Najam ul Sehar Afshan , Abdul Nasir Khalid
1,2,3
Institute of botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
E-mail: ayeshaniazi06@gmail.com
A novel species of family Callistosporiaceae,Xerophoruspunjabensis, has
been identified from Southern Punjab, Pakistan, based on morphological
characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses.A Phylogenetic analysis,
based on the nrITS dataset, was constructed to assess the phylogenetic
position, resulted in Xerophoruspunjabensis sp. nov. within the genus
94
Xerophorus. We present the new species with an illustrated morphological

description and comparison with similar morphological or phylogenetically
related species. Previously only one species of this genus has been reported
from Asia. This novel species raised the total number of species of the genus
Xerophorus to five globally. We believe morphological and molecular data of
X. punjabensis in this study significantly contributes to our knowledge on
distribution of this rare macrofungi species and helps understand its
ecological preferences in Pakistan and worldwide.
Keywords: new species, Plain area, phylogeny, rare taxon, taxonomy
INCPS-2024-130 Fungistatic Potential of Leaves of

Solanum nigrum Against Ochratoxin Producing
Fungi
1 1 1
Maham Irfan *Khajista Jabeen Sumera Iqbal
1
Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore,
Punjab 54000, Pakistan
Email: Khajista_1@hotmail.com
The present study was designed to assess antifungal, antioxidant and

detoxifying efficacy of leaves of S. nigrum against ochratoxin producing
fungi. All the tested concentration (1%-3%) of ethanolic extract exhibited
antifungal potential while 3% showed best antifungal potential i.e. 47%
against T. viride, 57% against C. cladosporiodesand 61% against P.
verrucosum. Antioxidant activity of S. nigrum leaves was also intended. Five
concentration (10%-50%) of plant extract were made in methanol along with
the standard (Butylated Hydroxytoulene BHT) Highest antiradical activity
was given at 77% and minimum efficacy was investigated at 57% in
comparison with standard BHT. In vitro bioassay guided fractionation was
done to analyze the best isolated fraction against test fungi. Ethyl acetate
proved to be best antifungal as compared to other fractions against
ochratoxin producing fungi i.e. 0.10% and 0.01% concentration of ethyl
acetate fraction showed maximum reduction at 64% and 68% against T.
viride, 62% and 58% against C. cladosporoides and 62% for both
concentrations against P. verrucosum. GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate
fraction revealed the presence of 26 compounds 9,12-octadecadienoic acid
(28.60%), methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate (18.26%), n-hexadecanoic
acid (17.13%), phytol (4.72%), all-cis-7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid
(4.67%), ethyl linolenate (3.65%), octadecanoic acid (3.09%), glycerol 1-
palmitate (2.72%), undecanoic acid, ethyl ester (2.31%), linolenic acid, 2-
hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (z,z,z) (1.93%), dl-à-tocopherol
(1.76%), phytyl stearate (1.43%), 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethoxycyclopentane
(1.39%), octadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1.28% ), 9,12,15-
octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (1.18%), 9,17-octadecadienal, (z)-
(0.95%), ethyl octadecenoate (0.72%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester
(0.67%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (0.63%),nitrobenzene
(0.61%),methyl alpha-linolenate (0.48%),methyl
95
octadecenoate(0.46%),trans-1-butyl-2-methylcyclopropane
(0.37%),cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl (0.35%),3-isopropoxy-
1,1,1,7,7,7-hexamethyl-3,5,5-tris(trimethylsiloxy) tetrasiloxane (0.33%)
andtetradeca methyl hexasiloxane (0.32%). Results indicates that active
compounds identified through GC-MS analysis of leaves of S. nigrum could
be responsible for antifungal properties.
Key Words: Ochratoxins, ethanolic leaves extract, bioassay guided fractions,
antioxidant, GC-MS
I
NCPS-2024-34 Systematics
of Some Ectomycorrhizal
Taxa based on nrDNA sequences from Quercus
Dominating Forests of Pakistan
1* 1
Hira Ijaz ,Sana Jabeen
1
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of
Education, Township, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Email: hiraijaz2612@gmail.com
This research is based on the systematics of some distinct ectomycorrhizal

taxa from Quercus dominating forests of Pakistan. The ectomycorrhizal
symbiosis represents one of the most prominent and ecologically crucial
mutualistic associations in terrestrial habitats and plays an important role in
the forest ecosystem dynamics and maintenance. It has been estimated that
around 25,000 fungal species are ectomycorrhizal in association with 8,000
plant species, though the number is likely to be much higher. Most of these
fungi belong to basidiomycetes comprising 45 distinct genera. Hundreds of
ectomycorrhizal morphotypes have been recorded from Pakistan, indicating
a diverse range of fungal species in the region. During this investigation,
some ectomycorrhizal specimens were collected from Quercus dominating
forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Among which, four taxa were
found distinct on the basis of morphological and ITS based molecular
phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA. These taxa belong to the following genera:
Amanita, Boletus, Cortinarius, and Russula, belonging to the family
Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Cortinariaceae and Russulaceae, respectively.
Amanita is a globally distributed genus, comprising more than 650 species
worldwide, around 30 species identified in Pakistan. Boletus is represented
by approximately 300 species worldwide and about 12 species reported in
Pakistan. Cortinarius is widely distributed across the globe, with over 22
species described from Pakistan while Russula encompasses more than
2000 species worldwide, including 57 species from Pakistan. This study
provides a baseline for future taxonomic investigations of ectomycorrhizal
communities in deciduous forests and contributes to the exploration,
documentation and upgradation of fungal diversity in Pakistan.
Keywords: Broad leaf vegetation,Mycorrhizal, Swat, Taxonomy
INCPS-2024-85 PCR Based Molecular Characterization of

Bacterial Pathogens from Citrus Fruit
withMajorFocusonCitrus Canker Disease
96
1*, 1
Iram Zaheer Shazia Iram
1
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University,
46000, Rawalpindi.
Email:iramzaheer00@gmail.com
The ratio of losses attributable to bacterial pathogen-caused citrus disease

has grown globally. In Pakistan, mature citrus trees show signs of disease
both before and after harvest, however, the exact causes of these diseases
are yet unknown. The evaluation of citrus disease prevalence, incidence,
and severity, as well as the morphological and molecular characterization of
the bacterial pathogens, were complex aspects of the current investigation.
In the first phase of the study, a comprehensive survey was carried out in
December. Using tissue culture and streaking techniques, the bacterial
pathogens were isolated from infected collected samples and their
morphology was used to characterize them. Secondly, strains that were
isolated were characterized using primers 27F (5-
CTTCAACTCAAACGCCGGA-3) and 1492R (3-CATCGGCTGTTCGGGAG-
5), which were used for the molecular 16S rDNA region analysis used for
identification. Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Serratia
marcescens, Xanthomonas axonopodis, and Candidatus liberibacter were
the species that were identified. Third, three citrus cultivars (Kinnow, Succri,
and Moro blood) were utilized for the pathogenicity test of the isolated
bacterial strains. The results showed that the Xanthomonas sp. pathotypes
induced the most severe symptoms. This study demonstrates the molecular-
based association of bacterial pathogens with citrus diseases, which helps to
provide recommendations on genetic testing and develop disease
management programs. This is important because citrus fruits contribute
significantly to household income and foreign exchange in Pakistan
INCPS-2024-178 New Records of Wood Rotting and

Medicinal Macrofungi from Pakistan Corroborated by
Multigene Phylogeny
1,2,3* 2,4 2,5
Uzma Irfan Amatu Reman Muhammad Usman Abdul Nasir
2,6 1,7
Khalid Abida Aziz
1
Department of Botany, The Women University Multan, 6600, Multan,
Pakistan.
2
Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany,
University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan.
Emial:uzma.6370@wum.edu.pk
During a survey in the Shiwalik hills (AJ&K), Achh and Pabbi Forest Park
Gujrat, Pakistan, in rainy seasons of years 2021-2023, many macro-fungal
species were collected. Of these, five new records for the country viz;
Cellulariellawarnieri, Flavodonflavus,Gloeophyllumlongisporum G.
trabeumandPanaeoluscyanescens belonging to the Basidiomycota have
been presented with detailed morpho-anatomical descriptions, line drawing
illustrations, microphotographs and phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS
97
and nrLSU. First four species are wood rotting group of fungi belonging to
the orders Polyporales and Gloeophyllales and are of great medicinal value.
C. warnieri and F. flavus are represented by only two species worldwide
according to Index Fungorum. However, Gloeophyllum is a comparatively
species rich genus represented by seventeen species worldwide.
Panaeoluscyanescens is a magical mushroom producing psychoactive
compounds demonstrating promising therapeutic benefits such as acute
reduction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. This study of
phylogenetic identification provides a baseline for further research on
medicinal and therapeutic properties of these fungal species.
INCPS-2024-206 Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Analyses

Reveal New Record of Inonotuss.l.
(Hymenochaetaceae), from Pabbi hills, Punjab,
Pakistan
Amatu Rehman, Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan and Muhammad Usman
The present research work was done to identify and characterize

Inonotuss.l. from Pabbi hills and Pabbi Forest Park, Sarai Alamgir, Punjab,
Pakistan due to its medicinal importance. Several species of
poroidHymenochaetaceae were found parasitizing angiospermic trees in
Pabbi forest park. Of the collected specimens, ITS sequences were
generated and phylogenetic analysis was performed. After morpho-
anatomical and molecular analyses, a wood rotting fungus was identified as
Inonotusrickii (Pat.) Reid that is a new record from Pakistan. Previously,
seven species of this genus are reported from Pakistan morpho-
anatomically. This is the first report of Inonotusrickii from Pakistan on the
basis of morpho-anatomic and phylogenetic analyses.
INCPS-2024-249 Prevalence of Soil-Borne

Phytopathogenic Fungi in Cotton Crop
1* 1 2
Faisal Hussain , Sania Nazar and Khizar Hayyat Bhatti
1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi
Khan, Punjab, 32200-Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-32200-Pakistan
Email:faisal.botanist2011@gmail.com
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered significant cash crop of

Pakistan. The economic growth of Pakistan is directly related to the output of
cotton and exports of cotton goods make up about 55% foreign exchange
profits of the country. Cotton prefers a hot, dry climate; hence, it is primarily
farmed in South Sindh and Punjab. Plant diseases in the soil damaged and
declined the cotton yield and resulted in significant losses. Lower Punjab
regions like Dera Ghazi Khan, KotChutta, Basti Jam Muhammad,
Muhammad Pur, Jampur, Basti Surani, Samandri Choti, and Basti Ganga
are primarily known for producing cotton. The majority of the time, synthetic
98
chemicals are employed to manage soil-borne plant infections; however,

these chemicals are toxic to the environment and also detrimental to healthy
soil fauna and flora. In present study, different control strategies have been
adopted to stop the use of these synthetic chemicals and with the use of
various growing media as well as isolation of mycobioya techniques were
used. In present study, several soil-borne fungal phytopathogens genera
have been recorded but very common fungi including Aspergillus flavus, A.
niger, A. terreus, and Penicillium sp. were isolated and identified as a were
predominated microbes. They were separated from various samples
gathered from various locations in Punjab. However, numerous viral and
fungal infections are severely prevalent in the aforementioned regions.
These soil-borne phytopathogens cause infections and affect plant growth
and development during different stages of plants. These major symptoms of
infections are plant wilting, drying of the leaf margins, and the development
of yellow spots on the surface of the leaves. It is concluded that sampling of
cotton plants from different field areas with various infected diseases
confirms that the soil-borne disease causes major losses to the yield and
quality of cotton.
Keywords: Pathogenicity; Phytopathogens; Fungi; Cotton
INCPS-2024-278 Evaluation of Different Fungicides

against Root Rot of Carrot Caused by Fusarium
spp.
*1 1
Muhammad Nouman Siddique , Luqman Amrao , Tanzeel-u-
2 2
Rehman , Amna Maqsood
1
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
2
Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of
Email: noumanagrarian@gmail.com
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a major crop in the world. It is thought that
this crop originated from the Afghanistan and its neighbouring countries.
Carrot is the most essential vegetable that gives high-quality nutritional
value. It also contains high amounts of vitamin A, K, protein-rich and high
sugar concentration of carrot leaves. In the world carrot is affected by
many fungal diseases. Among these fungal diseases, root rot of carrot
caused by fusarium spp. is the most destructive disease of carrot. As a
result, it is an important to keep this pathogen under control. The
matured, ripened and infected carrots with typical symptoms was
collected from the local fruit markets of Gojra and Faisalabad. These
samples were further processed in the Diagnostic Laboratory,
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, for
the isolation and purification of the suspected pathogen. Four different
fungicides named as Nanok (Flutrifol + Azoxystrobin), Kasumin
(Azoxystrobin + difenacanazole), Novice (Azoxystrobin +
Difenoconazole) and Bloom (Myclobutanil) were used at different
99
concentrations to evaluate against root rot of carrot caused by fusarium

spp. Bloom (Myclobutanil) shows the best result against fusarium spp. All
the fungicides were evaluated against root rot of carrot caused by
fusarium spp. under field condition and minimum disease incidence was
recorded by Bloom (Myclobutanil). Data was analyzed statistically to
verify the effectiveness of fungicides against fusarium spp.
Keywords: root rot of carrot, fungicides and Bloom (Myclobutanil).
100
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Phycology and Marine Biology

INCPS-2024-78 Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of
Phytoplankton Dwelling in Mangrove Dominated
Channel Water and Tidal Creek area along Karachi
Coast
Iqra Malik, Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan*, Irfana Qadir and Seema

Shafique
1
Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi
75270, Pakistan
Email: zaib.burhan@uok.edu.pk
Phytoplankton plays a key role in primary productivity of an ecosystem. Their

diversity and abundance vary with environmental conditions. Present study
was initiated to assess seasonal variation in community composition
(qualitatively and quantitatively) in mangrove dominated channel water and
creek area (Manora channel and Port Qasim) with relation to hydrographical
conditions quarterly along Karachi coast during SWM (Southwest Monsoon),
AIM (Autumn Inter Monsoon), NEM (North-East Monsoon), and SIM (South
Inter Monsoon). Overall, two major groups of phytoplankton (diatoms and
dinoflagellates) were assessed. Diatom species showed highest abundance
as compared to dinoflagellate throughout the study period. Maximum cell
density of diatom was recorded during SIM and SWM seasons at creek area
of Port Qasim and Manora channel, respectively. However, maximum
abundance of dinoflagellates was recorded in SWM and SIM seasons,
respectively. Stephanocyclus meneghinianus was most abundant species at
Manora channel whereas, at Port Qasim
Cylindrothecaclosterium,Stephanocyclus meneghinianus, Guinardiaflaccida,
Chaetoceros sp. and Navicula sp. were the dominant species throughout the
study period. High values of Shanon, Simpson, and species richness were
observed during AIM season at both stations. The K dominance curve for
diatom and dinoflagellate species revealed that at Port Qasim, diatom
prevalence was highest during AIM season however at Manora Channel it
was highest during SIM season. In present study it has been observed that
channel water at Manora and creeks of Port Qasim are highly influenced by
pollutants received through domestic sewage and other effluents
respectively. It has been noticed that only resistant species of diatoms were
dominated in harsh conditions. Besides, dinoflagellates were occurred in
very low abundance due to their sensitive nature. A continuous monitoring is
required to indicate the impact of pollution in the coastal waters of Karachi
which ultimately affect the community composition and structure of
phytoplankton.
101
INCPS-2024-36 Aegiceras corniculatum: Antidiabetic

Potential of Fruit Extract
1 2 1
Zamil Mateen , Sehrish Shafeeq , Zaib un Nisa Burhan ,Seema
1
Shafique *
1
Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi
2
Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi
Email: seema.shafique@uok.edu.pk
Mangrove ecosystems are one of the important natural wetlands in tropical

and subtropical region around the world that possesses highly beneficial and
pharmaceutically important metabolites. Present study was design to
investigate In-vivo anti-diabetic potential of Aegicerascorniculatumfruits. Four
groups (normal control, diabetic control, mangrove treated and diabetic+
mangrovestreated)were tested for up to 10 days. The methanolic fruit extract
were injected in normal and diabetes induce (Alloxan monohydrate) mice.
After induction blood glucose level was measured of each group (alternate
days) till the end of experiment. In diabetic control body glucose level was
increase (156.7±3.72) whereas, in Diabetic + Mangrove treated group
showed overall decrease (130±5.38) in blood glucose level. In general,anti-
diabeticactivitywasobserved,Diabetic +
Mangrovestreated>Mangrovestreated> Control > Diabetic control trend was
noted. Generally results depicted that, incomparison with diabetic control,
mangrove dose was more effective than standard drug because on
eachobservationday. It was noticed that fruit extract of A. corniculatum was
also affect the animal body weight by decreasing up to4g during the
experimental period. Results of this study revealed that effect of fruit extract
onbloodserumparameters(urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol HDL ratio,
cholesterol, triglycerides,HDL, LDL, VLDL, total protein, albumin, globulin,
A/G ratio)werealmostatnormallevelsexcepttriglycerides. Overall, the
studysuggeststhatthe f ru i t of A.corniculatumpossessesanti-
diabeticpotential,asitwasassociatedwithareductioninbloodglucoselevels.How
ever,more
researchisneededtounderstanditsunderlyingmechanismofaction,potentialside
effects,andeffectiveness comparedwithcurrentlyavailablediabetestreatments.
INCPS-2024-08 Assessing the Potential use of Seaweed

as Biofertilizer for Spinacea oleraceaunder Saline
Conditions
1 2 1
Sadaf Gul *, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz , Hammad Aslam
1
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
2
Institute of Environmental studies, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
Email: sadafgpk@yahoo.com
Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) is grown worldwide as a food crop. It is a

rich source of calcium, iron and many other minerals that are essential for
102
human health. Its cultivation is facing challenges due to increased soil

salinity in various agricultural lands around the globe. To mitigate the effect
of salinity, marine alga can be potentially used as biostimulant in agricultural
sector. This study investigates the efficacy of seaweed (Enteromorpha
intestinalis) powder as a biostimulant for spinach cultivation under diverse
saline conditions (0, 40 mM, and 80 mM NaCl). This research focuses on the
impact of two concentrations of seaweed powder (3 g and 6 g per 500 g of
soil) as soil amendment on spinach growth. Assessed parameters include
germination rate, shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, and
biochemical properties such as protein, carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid,
mineral content, chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels. It was observed that
chlorophyll content, proteins and phenols significantly increased in
treatments where E. intestinalis powder was applied as compared to
untreated plants. Fresh weight and dry weight of roots as well as shoots
were also increased in plants treated with seaweed powder under saline
stress. It was also found that low concentration of seaweed powder (3g/500g
of soil) was more effective than high concentration i.e., 6 gm/500 g of soil.
Thus, the results indicated a significant impact of the algal treatment on
improving plant growth and biochemical parameters, suggesting its utility as
an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers in salt-affected agriculture.
Keywords:biostimulant; biofertilizer; seaweed; Enteromorpha intestinalis
103
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Plant Biotechnology & Genetic
Engineering
INCPS-2024-60 Identification
of Molecular Markers Linked
to Rust Resistance Genes in Pakistani Spring Wheat
Aisha Zeb, Armghan Shahzad, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad

Fayyaz, Asad Jan, Shaukat Ali, Pamela Soltis
National Agricultural Research Centre Park Road Islamabad
University of Florida, USA
Email: armghan.shahzad@parc.gov.pk
Wheat diseases such as leaf rust and stripe rusts are common in Pakistan
resulting in considerable quantity of yield loss. Growing varieties containing
rust resistant genes are the best solution for the problem. Gene-specific
DNA markers are employed to introgress the rust resistance genes in the
chosen wheat background and prevent linkage drag. We employed a panel
of 150 spring wheat genotypes in this investigation, which included 40 land
races, 58 NIGAB advanced lines, 40 NUWYT lines 2016-17, and 12 varities.
The panel was screened for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr16,
Lr19, Lr22a, Lr32, Yr5, Yr10 and Yr18/Lr34 using gene specific DNA
markers. It was discovered that land races are particularly poor in the
studied rust resistance genes, while NUWYT advanced lines and varieties
were postulated as good sources of resistance genes studied.
INCPS-2024-71 Development
of useful Genetic and
Genomic Resources of Spring Wheat through
Bridging Mutational and Next Generation Sequencing
Approach
1 2 3
Sana Zulfiqar , Sayyad Ali Raza Bukhari , Bradley Till ,
4 5 1
Dongcheng Liu , Susanne Dreisigacker , Mehboob-ur-Rahman *
1
Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of
Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000,
Punjab, Pakistan
2
Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
3
University of California, Davis, California, USA
4
State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College
of Agronomy, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
5
Wheat Molecular Breeding Lab, International Maize and Wheat Improvement
Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico
Email:mehboob_pbd@yahoo.com (M.-u. Rahman)
Exposing genetic material with physical mutagens can create novel genetic
resources capable of combating different stresses. Gamma rays (γ rays)
104
Engineering
were used to induce mutations in wheat cultivar Punjab-11 (Pb-11). A total of
33 stable mutants (M7) were developed, followed by characterization by
conducting multi-location trials over three seasons at two sites. The
genotype by trait (GT) bi-plot revealed significant associations between yield
and its components among the mutants. Positive correlations were
estimated for tillers per plant, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, and grain
yield. The mutant lines Pb-M-59, Pb-M-1027, and Pb-M-1323 exhibited
maximum grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and tillers per plant. High
throughput GBS-DArTseq™ assay was deployed to estimate the frequency
of presence-absence variants (PAVs) of 33 newly developed stable wheat
mutants. In total, 113,279 SNPs and 157,787 PAVs were identified after
filtering. The identified PAVs and SNPs were randomly distributed on all
chromosomes of three sub-genomes. The maximum number of PAVs were
detected on Chr7D (2877) followed by Chr-7B (2711). Maximum number of
SNPs (2884) were found on Chr-7D followed by Chr-7B (2715) and Chr-2B
(2664). The largest number of variants were identified in mutant line Pb-M-
2061 (23,643). Out of 7,910 PAVs consistently identified over replicates,
3,252 were specific to mutants but were absent in wild type. Out of these,
1,480 were found in Pb-M-1027 followed by 656 in Pb-M-1323. Out of these
(3,252), 1,238 were found in wheat transcriptome that contained 152
characterized and 1,196 uncharacterized genes. Clusters of orthologous
genes (COGs) and Gene ontology (GO) terms associated with PAV-
containing genes showed that maximum number of PAVs identified in Pb-M-
1027, Pb-M-2302 and Pb-M-1323 were involved in tolerance to diseases
and abiotic stresses, improved photosynthetic efficiency, larger grain size,
increased grain yield and harvest index pathways. The PAVS of Pb-M-1575,
Pb-M-1946, Pb-M-196, Pb-M-2517, Pb-M-2260, and Pb-M-1530
demonstrated their involvement in pathways including disease resistance,
increased grain yield and drought tolerance. These findings can help
molecular geneticist and breeders for exploiting the induced genetic diversity
for unravelling the genetic circuits as well as exploiting in wheat breeding for
developing resilient cultivars.
Keywords: disease resistance, genetic diversity
INCPS-2024-143 Comparison of Mother Plant Canola with

Somaclone for NaCl Tolerance
1*,2 1 3
Sarwat Naz , Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui , Saboohi Raza ,
4 1
Rafat Saeed Lubna Faraz
1
2
Government College for Women Korangi No.6, Karachi-74900, Pakistan
3
Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of
Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
4
Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University, Karachi, Pakistan
Email: sarwatnaz2018@gmail.com
In the current study tolerant selected somaclone S9 of Brassica napus L.

variety Hyola 401 regenerated from viable callus under various levels of
105
Engineering
NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mM) were evaluated for the comparison of
NaCl tolerance level with mother plants. The biochemical and mineral
+ +
analysis (soluble sugars, protein, proline content and Na and K ) of
somaclone S9 was compared with germinating seedling of Hyola 401,
mother plant (MP) at various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200
mM) in vitro. In the present study somaclones S9 of Brassica napus L.
contained more proline content, more accumulation of carbohydrate content
and protein content as compared to mother plant of Brassica napus L. in all
treatments of salt. ANOVA showed that the proline amount has increased
significantly with raise in salt concentration, soluble carbohydrate contents of
mother plant (MP) and somaclone S9 non-significantly increased with
increasing salinity in contrast to control except at 100 mM in mother plant
and at 100 mM and 150 mM in somaclone S9 soluble carbohydrate content
increased significantly whereas physiological parameter protein had
negative effect of salt treatments on mother plant (MP) and somaclone S9 of
Brassica napus L. as compared to control. Results indicated that mineral ion
+
Na is directly proportional and K+ is inversely proportional to salt stress.
Present study indicated that mother plant (MP) of Brassica napus L.
+ +
contained more Na and less K as compared to somaclone S9 in all salt
treatment. Results indicated that Brassica napus L. Hyola 401 somaclone S9
was more tolerant as compared to mother plant (MP).
Keywords: Brassica napus L., biochemical and mineral analysis, somaclones (S9),
mother plant (MP)
INCPS-2024-20 The
Glycine soja Cytochrome P450 Gene
GsCYP82C4 Confers Alkaline Tolerance by
Promoting Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging
Zaib-Un-Nisa*
The University of Lahore, Lahore
Email: zaib.nisa@imbb.uol.edu.pk
Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial role of Cytochrome P450

enzymes (CYPs) in the production of secondary metabolites,
phytohormones and antioxidants in plants. However, their functional
characterization specifically under alkaline stress remains elusive. CYP82C4
was the key gene screened from a family of wild soybean CYPs in our
previous studies. The aim of this present study was to clone the Glycine soja
GsCYP82C4 gene and characterize its functions in Arabidopsis and Glycine
max. The results showed that the GsCYP82C4 gene displayed a high
expression in different plant tissues at mature stages compared to young
stages. Further, higher temporal expression of the GsCYP82C4 gene was
noted at 6, 12 and 24 h time points after alkali treatment in leaves compared
to roots. In addition, overexpression of GsCYP82C4 improved alkaline stress
tolerance in Arabidopsis via increased root lengths and fresh biomass and
strengthened the antioxidant defense system via a reduction in superoxide
radicals in transgenic lines compared to wild type (WT) and atcyp82c4
mutants. Further, the expression levels of stress-related marker genes were
106
Engineering
up-regulated in GsCYP82C4 OX lines under alkali stress. The functional
analysis of GsCYP82C4 overexpression in soybean displayed better hairy
root growth, increased fresh weight, higher antioxidant enzyme activities and
reduced lipid peroxidation rates in OX lines compared to the soybean WT
(K599) line. In total, our study displayed positive roles of GsCYP82C4
overexpression in both Arabidopsis and Glycine max to alleviate alkaline
stress via altering expression abundance of stress responsive genes,
stronger roots, higher antioxidant enzyme activities as well as reduced rates
of lipid peroxidation and superoxide radicals.
Keywords: cytochrome, GsCYP82C4, alkaline stress
INCPS-2024-196 Modulating
Pectin Methylesterification: A
Strategy for Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in
Tomato Plants
1 2
Azra Yasmeen , Kausar Hussain Shah , Muhammad Shahzad
1,3
Anjam*
1
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Bahauddin
Zakariya University, Multan.
2
Institute of Botany (IoB), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.
3
Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plance
Science Center (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
Sweden.
Email: muhammad.anjam@slu.se; shahzadanjam@bzu.edu
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are sedentary endoparasities that establish

specialized feeding structures called giant cells (GCs) within the host plant's
roots. These cells provide a continuous supply of nutrients to the nematodes
throughout their life cycle. The life cycle of RKNs consists of two distinct
phases: a migratory phase and a sedentary phase. After hatching from eggs,
the second-stage juveniles (J2s) penetrate the host root near the root tip and
migrate intercellularly toward the vascular cylinder, where they establish
feeding sites and begin the sedentary phase of their development. The J2s
extensively manipulate the host plant’s developmental machinery to
orchestrate the formation of feeding cells. During the initial phases of
infection, the expression of several host plant genes related to cell wall-
modifying enzymes, particularly those involved in pectin modification, is
significantly altered. Nematodes also release pectin-degrading enzymes to
facilitate their migration to the vascular tissues. Pectin is an important
component of the plant cell wall and acts as a cement between adjacent
cells. In this study, we explored the potential of pectin-related genes to
enhance tomato plant resistance against RKNs. We analyzed the sequences
of the Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor (PMEI) gene family, which is highly
expressed in tomato roots. We identified conserved amino acid domains and
developed an RNA interference (RNAi) construct based on Virus-Induced
Gene Silencing. Silencing the PMEI gene family is expected to enhance the
methyl esterification of pectin in roots, thus preserving its integrity against
both indigenous and nematode-secreted enzymes, posing a challenge for
107
Engineering
nematodes during migration and the development of feeding structures. This
approach offers a promising strategy for developing RKN-resistant tomato
varieties.
Keywords: Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI),
RNA interference (RNAi), Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), Pectin modification
INCPS-2024-97 In
vitro Rooting of Rescued Mature
Zygotic Embryos of Pinus roxburghii Sarg
,
Ashraf A¹, Akram M¹ ², Aftab F¹*
¹Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan

²Current address: Government Shalimar Graduate College, Lahore, Punjab
Higher Education Department, Lahore, Pakistan
Email: faheem.botany@pu.edu.pk
The aim of present study was to investigate the potential for in vitro rooting
of mature zygotic embryos of Pinus roxburghii. Seeds were extracted out
from mature cones, surface sterilized and megagametophytes containing
zygotic embryos were then aseptically removed. The zygotic embryos were
also aseptically extracted and both zygotic embryos and megagametophytes
were separately cultured on modified LP 505 medium + BAP (0.45 mg/L) +
NAA (2 mg/L) + Kinetin (0.43 mg/L) for culture initiation and extrusion. Such
cultures were initially incubated in dark for 20 days and then shifted to 16 h
photoperiod for another 20 days. Results demonstrated that 75% extrusion
was possible from embryos and 19.04% from megagametophytes in light (40
days old cultures). After 30 days of initial culture, the length of shoot was
2cm whereas 3cm long shoots were achieved from megagametophytes.
After 40 days in 505 medium, these elongating shoots were shifted to LP or
DCR semi-solid media supplemented with 10, 20, 30 or 40 µM of IBA + NAA
for further growth and rooting under 16 h photoperiod. On these media,
rooting could not achieve where shoots grew further up to 4 cm long on LP +
30 µM IBA + NAA after another 20 days (2 months old cultures). Such
cultures were shifted to half DCR, LP or full MS media, 50% rooting with 2cm
long roots were achieved on both MS and DCR. After a month, rooted
shoots were shifted to potting media (peat moss + sand in 3:1 ratio) in 8 x 15
cm plastic pots, covered with polythene bags to control humidity and placed
under the culture room conditions for acclimatization. Irrigation with ¼ DCR
was carried out every 10 days for one month. The plants obtained from MS
survived for 35 days, and plants grew on DCR remained green up to 15 days
in potting media. After all plants wilted and got necrosis.
INCPS-2024-240 Development of Fungal Resistant
Berseem Lines by Nuclear Incorporation of Chitinase
Gene
108
Engineering
1 2 1
Muhammad Nisar Anjum , Aqsa Parvaiz , Ghulam Mustafa ,
3 1
Muhammad Amjad Ali , Muhammad Sarwar Khan , Faiz Ahmad
1
Joyia
1
Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Women University Multan,
Pakistan.
1
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan.
Email: faizahmad1980@gmail.com
Trifolium alexandrinum L., commonly known as Berseem, is an important

winter leguminous crop that serves as a primary source of green fodder for
livestock in Pakistan. As Pakistan does not possess natural pastures to fulfill
the nutritional needs of its large animal population, it depends heavily on
cultivated fodder crops, mainly corn & sorghum in summer and berseem in
winter along with other minor crops. Therefore, any damage to these critical
fodder crops can severely impact the livestock sector of Pakistan. However,
forage production research, particularly on the availability of green forage
throughout the year, has been insufficient, and it is crucial that both the
public and private sectors undertake research seriously. Root rot disease
complex, which includes root rot, collar rot, and stem rot, has been a
significant cause of yield decline of at least 20-25% in berseem.
Unfortunately, no berseem variety in Pakistan has yet shown resistance to
this disease complex, and the farming community lacks knowledge about it,
resulting in the absence of routine control measures. To address this issue,
we conducted research to produce transgenic berseem lines that may be
resistant to this disease complex by expressing a synthetic antifungal gene
for Chitinase in berseem. Nucleotide sequences of Chitinase gene was
retrieved from NCBI, codon optimized for improved expression in plants.
Firstly, chitinase gene family members were characterized by systematic in-
silico genome-wide analyses. Then, a highly efficient in vitro regeneration
protocol for promising indigenous cultivars of berseem was also optimized. It
is one of the pre-requisites for successful plant transformation. Biolistic
method was used for genetic transformation of tobacco as well as berseem
using transformation vector containing chitinase gene. The putative
transgenic plants were selected on selection media containing
phosphinothricin as selection agent. After regeneration on selection media,
molecular analyses were carried out using PCR. Further analysis and fungal
bioassays. The present study may be regarded as first step towards the and
development of fungal of resistant lines.
Keywords: Fungal diseases, winter fodder crops, antifungal genes,

transgenic technology, herbicide tolerance.
109
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Plant Ecology and Environmental
Pollution
INCPS-2024-42 Organic
Pollution Treatment Efficiency
Through Recycled Plastic Bedding Materials’
Microbial Biofilm
1* 1
Muhammad Amir , Muhammad Shafiq
1
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
E-mail: muhammadamirbalouch07@gmail.com
Ultimately, only few wastewater treatment plants are installed in Pakistan

which are unable to treat the 99% municipal wastewater (MWW) containing
50 to 60% organic pollution (OP) load. MWW is contained biological oxygen
-
demand (BOD) ranges from 100 to 400 (mgL ). Due to comfort, plastic is
extensively used in society but not biodegradable if lying hundreds of years.
Developed assembly containing recycle plastic bedding material (PBM) is
used in the treatment of OP in MWW with the help of temporal microbial
biofilm (MBF) developed on the PBM. PBM in assembly provide roughage
surface area for MBF from where aerobic bacteria fed oxygen from air to
stabilize 85% BOD and COD (mg L-) in MWW furthermore physio-chemical
+ -
parameters of MWW including pH, high range pH, NH3/NH4 (ppm), NO2
-
(ppm), NO3 (ppm), EC (µS/cm), TDS (µS/cm), NaCl (%), total solids (mgL-),
fixed solids (mg L-) and volatile solids (mg L-). Thermogravimetric (TGA), X-
ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) results analysis
indicate treatment efficiency of recycled PBM. Environmental plastic pollution
is managed in recycled PBM in developed assembly which treats MWW is
reduced OP environmental footprints and available for irrigation of
vegetables. PBM is the most preferred solution for recovery of MWW and
managing plastic pollution as it is cheap, sustainable and environment
friendly.
Keywords: Organic pollution, Plastic bedding material, Microbial biofilm, Municipal
wastewater, Safer irrigation
INCPS-2024-124 EcologicalInteraction of Russula Genus;

A Case Study from the Moist Temperate Region of
Murree Forest Division
1 1,2 1
Shakil Ahmad Zeb , Shujaul Mulk Khan , Abdullah , Zeeshan
1 3 1 1
Ahmad , Muhamad Fiaz , Malk Saba , Huma Gul Tufail Ahmad
4
Zeb
1
Depertment of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad,45320
Pakistan
2
Pakistan Acemday of Sciences
3
Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
4
Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Email: shuja60@gmail.com
110
Pollution
The genus Russula is widely distributed globally and has significant

economic and research importance. It represents a group of ectomycorrhizal
fungi utilized for culinary and medicinal purposes. Worldwide, there are 2759
identified taxonomic units identified within Russula. The aims of the present
study to determine the relationship of abiotic variables with Russula genus.
The current study is conducted in the moist temperate region of Murree
Forest division. Extensive flied work and seasonal sampling were carried out
in the study area. Quadrate quantitative ecological and host preferences
determination method were used. The macrofungi specimens were identified
by Mycologist of Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad and Hazara University
Manshera, Pakistan. A total of four species of Russula has been identified in
the study area are Russulalaurocerasi, R. aerugenia, R. padulosa, R.
betularum. Canonical correspondence analysis is performed for these four
species. These analyses show that Russulalauricerasi has a strong
relationship with organic matter, pH and Nitrogen but show a weak
relationship with brightness. R. padulosa shows a positive relation with
humidity and phosphorus while shows the negative relationship with pH,
Nitrogen and organic matter. The R. aerugenia and R. betularum have a
strong relationship with Electrical conductivity and Total Dissolved Solid
while the negative relationship shows with Brightness, pH, Nitrogen and
organic matter. The future research should leverage multi-omics
technologies, particularly proteomics and metabolomics, to conduct
comprehensive investigations into the material basis provided by host plants.
Keyword: Ecological, Russula, Interaction, Abiotic, Murree
INCPS-2024-19 A Phytosociological Study of Weeds

Distribution under the Influence of Edaphic, and
Farming Dynamics in the Wheat Field of District
Mianwali
Qurat Ul Ain*
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320,
Pakistan
Email: quratulain9948@gmail.com
Weeds significantly threaten global agriculture by adversely affecting crop

yield and quality. The hypothesis was that agroecological variation leads to
diverse weed species associations influenced by different soil factors and
farming practices in small and large habitats. A comprehensive scientific
study was conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution of existing weed
species influenced by edaphic factors and farming practices across 100
wheat fields in the district of Mianwali. Phytosociological attributes such as
density, cover, frequency, and Important Value Indices of weeds were
assessed by randomly placing three 1m² quadrats in each field. Various
edaphic factors, along with farming practices, including soil texture, electrical
conductivity, soil pH, total dissolved solids, organic matter, phosphorus, soil
111
Pollution
saturation, irrigation methods, duration, previous crop types, fertilizer
application, herbicide types and quantities, and many more were analyzed.
Multivariate statistical analyses were performed on the data using PC-ORD
version 5, CANOCO version 4.5, linear regression and pearson correlation.
The study identified 82 weed species belonging to 29 families and 68 genera
across 300 quadrats, with Poaceae (15 species) and Asteraceae (13
species) being the most prevalent. Anagallis arvensis L., Cynodondactylon
(L.) Pers and Rumex dentatus L. were the most dominant weed species of
selected area. This research concludes that agricultural practices and soil
conditions significantly impact the distribution of weed flora and the
development of weed associations/communities in the region. Although
weeds are typically regarded as undesirable plants, some economically
significant and rare weeds also require appropriate conservation
management.
INCPS-2024-263 Assessmentof the Genotoxic Effect of

Pesticide (Profenofos and Cypermethrin) on Allium
cepa L. through Comet Assay
Wasim Abbas*, Ali Hasnain, Muhammad Rizwan, Binyameen
and Muhammad Umer Farooq
Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
Email:wasayabbas786@gmail.com
Pesticides are specially designed to control pests and help in increasing the
yield of crops. This study aims to investigate the genotoxic effect of the
major ingredients of commonly used pesticides (Profenophos and
Cypermethrin) on Allium cepa L. in different regions of the province of
Punjab, Pakistan. Profenophos and Cypermethrin pesticides are extensively
used by local farmers. six different dilutions of Profenophos and
Cypermethrin pesticide ranging from, 0.5 ml/L, 1 ml/L, 1.5 ml/L, 2 ml/L, 2.5
ml/L and 3.0 ml/L were applied initially on seeds germination. Seeds grown
in a 3.0 ml/L concentration showed a lower radical length percentage as
compared to other dilutions. The radicle length of the 0.5 ml/L concentration
was the same as in the control. Onion bulbs were grown in the sand to
obtain roots later the onions were transferred into different dilutions of
Profenophos and Cypermethrin for 72 hours. DNA was isolated through the
modified CTAB method. The DNA damage was observed through the
technique of comet assay. The tail DNA % (35.71±2.18) of the control group
(simple tap water) was same as the tail DNA % (35.74±2.10) of 0.5 ml/L
pesticide dilution. The moment of tail DNA % length showed that the DNA
was damaged by the pesticide, The results indicated that the concentration
of pesticides and exposure time have a deep effect on plants' growth and
development. There is a need to highlight stricter regulations, sustainable
agricultural practices, and consumer awareness regarding concentration.
112
Pollution
INCPS-2024-155 Temporal
Variations in Polyphenols and
Antioxidant Capacity of A Coastal Dune Grass
HalopyrumMucronatum
1,2 1 1
Shazia Anjum Qadri* , Muhammad Qasim , Abdul Hameed ,
1 1
Bilquees Gul ,M. Ajmal Khan
1
Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi-
75270, Pakistan
2
Government Degree Girls College (Safoora Goth), Block-12 Gulistan-e-
Johar ,Karachi- 75290, Pakistan
Email: qadrianjumshazia@gmail.com
Halopyrummucronatum L. Staph. (Poaceae) is a perennial halophytic grass,

commonly found on the coastal dunes along Arabian Sea. This grass
produces two type of seeds in two seasons (summer and winter), which vary
in color (black and brown), weight (light and heavy) and polyphenol contents
(high and low). To determine, the physio-chemical relationship between
vegetative and reproductive attributes, temporal variations in polyphenols
(total phenols- TPC, flavonoids- TFC, and tannins- TTC) and antioxidant
capacity (using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and TAC tests) of leaf and seed of H.
mucronatum were studied. Highest TPC in leaves was found in December
(winter), from where a gradual decline was observed until May, after that
TPC again begin to rise. TFC and TTC did not follow the trend of TPC and
showed a transient increase from October to September and reached
maximum in March (summer). Data obtained from all four methods indicated
a considerable antioxidant capacity of leaves, which was in line with TFC
and TTC data, rather than TPC. In general, antioxidant capacity and
polyphenols were higher during brown seed producing season (winter) than
black seed season (summer). This difference is also reflected in polyphenols
and antioxidant capacity of both seeds, where higher values were found in
black compared to brown seeds. These differences may be due to the
resource allocation. Winter is cooler and drier period, during which plant use
more polyphenolic antioxidants for protection of metabolically active parts
rather storing them in seeds (brown). While, in summer, warmer temperature
and monsoon rains provide relatively moist and conducive conditions for
plant growth, hence more polyphenolic antioxidants were stored in seeds
(black) . These findings suggest a relationship between physio-chemical
attributes of leaf and seeds of H. mucronatum, which is dependent on
seasonal variations and their metabolic demand..
113
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Plant Genetics and Breeding

INCPS-2024-83 Exploring
the Genetic Variability of
Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Subtropical
Conditions: A Study from the Kashmir Himalayas
1 2 3 4
Sidra Nasar , Ghulam Murtaza , Kate Ostevik , Mark D Rausher
1,2
Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Muzaffarabad
3,4
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
Email: sidra.nasar@ajku.edu.pk
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), traditionally a temperate climate

crop, holds significant potential as a vital source of nutrition and income for
smallholder farmers. However, its cultivation has been limited in the
subtropical climates of the Kashmir Himalayan region, where food security
remains a pressing concern. Current research was conducted as a
pioneering experiment to assess the feasibility of cultivating 20 common
bean genotypes in subtropical conditions within this region. The study has
evaluated the crop's growth performance, yield potential, and resistance to
local biotic and abiotic stresses by quantifying a diverse array of
agromorphological trails and genetic variability attributes. Results revealed a
wide range of variability among the genotypes. Plant height varied
significantly, with values ranging from 205.7 cm to 350.67 cm. Leaf length
and width showed moderate variation whereas Pod length and width were
fairly consistent, with some genotypes like NGR1 and LPA58 showing higher
values. Seed traits, including length, width, and weight, also exhibited
variability, with hundred-seed weight ranging from 13.88 g to 51.28 g. The
number of seeds per pod and pods per plant varied, impacting the overall
seed yield per plant, which ranged from 8.46 g to 27.35 g. Days to flowering
showed differences among genotypes, with some flowering as early as
58.37 days and others taking up to 70.3 days. The broad-sense heritability
values ranged from 58.95% to 96.15%, indicating varying degrees of genetic
control over the traits. Traits like seed yield per plant, hundred-seed weight,
and seed per pod showed high heritability coupled with substantial genetic
advance (GA%) values, suggesting a strong potential for improvement
through selection. In contrast, traits such as days to flowering exhibited
lower genetic variability, reflected in lower GCV% and GA% values. These
results indicate that while some traits are highly heritable and responsive to
selection, others may require more nuanced breeding strategies to enhance
their genetic potential. These findings underscore the significant genetic
diversity present among the common bean genotypes, offering substantial
potential for selective breeding. Harnessing this variability could lead to the
development of high-yield, adaptable cultivars suitable for the subtropical
climates of the Kashmir Himalayan region, thereby enhancing food security
and sustainability.
114
INCPS-2024-53 Cyto-genetic
Sequel of Soft Drinks via
Allium cepa L. Chromosomal Aberration Assay as a
Cancer Prediction Tool
1 1* 2
Nida Arooj , Sadaf Tabasum Qureshi , Anila Naz Soomro
1
Institute of Plant Sciences , University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan,
sadaf.qureshi@usindh.edu.pk
2
Institute of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries
Email: sadaf.qureshi@usindh.edu.pk
Nowadays most of the population relies on soft drinks just for the taste of
freshener and mood changer, despite the fact, that it has no nutritional value
and rather contain unhealthy constituents for humans. Sky touching
consumption of soft drinks in Pakistan and the high rate of liver kidney failure
incidence have created a great need for evaluation of the genotoxicity and
oxidative effects of these drinks. Our work schemed to assess the
genotoxicity and oxidative properties of 5 soft drinks flavours via Allium cepa
L. chromosomal aberration assay for 48, 72, and 96-hour incubation. Simple
dH2O and saline water were used as negative control and .2% EMS was
used as positive control for toxicity. The cytology was carried out by squash
method and Acetocarmine was used for staining. The findings revealed all
the test soft drinks mediated mitotic aberrations in dose dependent manner.
Chromosomal aaberrations a key evident of mutagenicity generated by all
soft drinks were; scattered nuclei, sticky metaphase, bridges, fragmentation,
translocation rings, di-nuclei, and micronuclei. All soft drinks caused
oxidation of membrane protein and lipids leading to irregular shape of cells
and nuclei. The induction of ghost cells with pillus like tubular connections
indicates how cancer cells invadesneighboring healthy cells. Tested soft
drinks signify the concentration and incubation-dependent proliferation of
oxidative effects as well. Based on all the toxicity parameters tested soft
drinks are categorized in ascending order as follows:
Sprite<Dew<Fanta<Coca-Cola. It is concluded that soft drinks are
potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic and must not be consumed.
INCPS-2024-181 Inheritance of Seed Cotton Yield and

Component Traits in Cotton
1 1*
Aanab Fatima ,Zia Ullah Zia
1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University DG Khan
*Corresponding author: Aina Fatima, Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi
University DG Khan, Pakistan,
Email: aanabrao9@gmail.com
The experiment was conducted to assess the hybrid vigor and mode of
inheritanceof various agronomic traits in nine crosses developed at the farm
area of Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Ghazi University, DG
Khan. The crossing material was comprised of six cotton cultivars including 3
CLCuD tolerant (male parents) and 3 CLCuD susceptible (female parents)
115
cultivars. The crosses were attempted in all possible combinations of CLCuD

tolerant and susceptible cultivars and nine crosses were obtained in total.
F1 was sown in the field and selfed to produce F2 population. Parents, F1
and F2 were planted in the next growing season together in the triplicate in
the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). At maturity 10 guarded
plants per replication were selected to record the data on final height of main
stem (cm), Number of sympodial branches per plant, Number of monopodial
branches per plant, Number of bolls per plant, Average boll weight (g) and
Seed cotton yield per plant (g). All the traits were highly affected due to
CLCuD infestation in susceptible mother parents compared to their
respective pollen parents.CLCuD had an adverse effect on seed cotton yield
and reduced the seed cotton yield significantly. On an average basis
decrease in plant height in CLCuD infected plants was recordrd at -31.8%
compared with the healthy plants. Similarly seed cotton yield was also
reduced -70% in CLCuD infected plants compare with those of the healthy
plants.The highest heterosis was recorded for cross combination S-12 ×
CIM448 (95.74%), S-12 × LRA-5166 (72.7%) and CIM-70 × MNH-554
(60%)for seed cotton yield. However, the highest inbreeding depression was
recorded in the cross combinations ACALA-1517-C × MNH-554 (20.13%), S-
12 × LRA-5166 (15.37%) and S-12 × MNH554 (13%). The estimates for
potaence ratio indicated that non additive type of gene action was found to
be playing major role in the inheritance of all of the traits under study.
Keywords: Cotton, CLCuD, Gene action, Mode of inheritance, Heterosis
INCPS-2024-235 Genome
Wide Linkage Mapping of
Various Morpho-Physiological Traits Under Heat and
Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
1 1 2
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad , Sanwal Zaheer , Attiqa Saleem ,
1
Waqas Malik
1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan
2
Plant Genetic Resources Program, Plant Genetic Resources Institute,
National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Email: mqadirahmad@bzu.edu.pk
This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with 17
morpho-physiological traits in wheat, including chlorophyll content, canopy
temperature before heading, canopy temperature after heading, days to
heading, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, days to physical maturity, number of
spikes per plant, plant height, peduncle length, extrusion length, spike
length, awn length, number of spikelets per spike, grain yield, thousand grain
weight, and number of grains per spike. For this purpose a recombinant
inbred line (RIL) population comprising 119 lines, derived from a cross
between Millet-2011 and PBW-343, was evaluated. The study was
conducted over two years (2020–2022) under normal, drought, and heat
stress conditions, with field trials designed in an augmented incomplete
block design. Drought stress was induced by withholding irrigation, while
116
heat stress was applied through a walk through tunnel. The Analysis of
variance (ANOVA) demonstrated significant differences between the RILs
under different treatments. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive
association between canopy temperature before heading and traits such as
days to physical maturity, number of spikes per plant, plant height, peduncle
length, awn length, and number of spikelets per spike. The population was
genotyped using genotyping by sequencing platform (GBS). QTL analysis
identified 41 QTLs across the two-year study, with 12 QTLs linked to yield,
thousand grain weight, and the number of grains per spike. Of these, 8 QTLs
were detected under normal conditions, 3 under drought, and 1 under heat
stress. The RIL population demonstrated tolerance to drought and heat
stress, offering potential for enhancing wheat adaptability to challenging
environmental conditions. This study provides valuable insights for future
breeding programs aimed at improving wheat resilience and productivity
under stress conditions.
Keywords:Abiotic stresses, cereal, spring wheat, QTLs
117
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

INCPS-2024-146 Fertigation
of Wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.) Cultivars with Zinc Leads to Enhanced Yield and
Marginal Rate of Return in Silty Loamy Soils
1 2 3
Iqbal Makhdum , Muhammad Abid , Sibgha Noreen , Rafa
4 5
Almeer , and Vaseem Raja
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
2
Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Pakistan
3
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Pakistan
4
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
5
University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh, India
Email: drmimakhdum@yahoo.com
This study was aimed to understand the role of Zn fertilizer (ZnSO4·7H2O)

applied through soil media, foliar spray and in combination for enhancing
yield and marginal rate of return of wheat crop in filed conditions. Four wheat
cultivars; Anaj-2017; Akbaer-2019; FSD-2008 and Zincol-2016 were sown in
randomized complete block design in field. The Zn fertilizer was applied as
soil media, foliar spray and in combination of soil + foliar media. A significant
enhancement in plant height (18.2 %), leaf area index (28 %), heat unit
efficiency (25.1 %) and SPAD (23 %) value was observed in wheat cultivars
with Zn fertilization. However, the impact of soil + foliar media (T4) Zn
−1
application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution) was
higher than soil media or foliar spray. The protein, ash, fat and phytate
contents were enhanced to 13.38 %, 2 %, 0.57 % and 27 % respectively
while significant decrease in α-amylase (−29 %) and was recorded after Zn
−1
fertilization. At T4 considerable enhancement in grain yield (4.2 tons ha ),
harvest index (55.3 %), internal use efficiency and partial nutrient budget
was recorded. It was observed that uptake K, N, Zn and Fe were enhanced
while that of P were reduced after Zn fertigation especially at T4 in wheat
cultivars. The value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal rate of return (MRR) to
farmers was better at T4 as compared to T1-T3 in all wheat cultivars. Finally,
Zn applied as soil + foliar spray was most effect while among cultivars
Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019 showed more yield potential than Anaj-2017
and FSD-2008. It has been established that the soil–plant-mineral nutrition
nexus is the road leading to fetching higher income, sequestration of carbon
dioxide from the air and also ensuring food and nutrition security.
Key words: Zn fertilizer, wheat, SPAD, harvest index
118
INCPS-2024-18 Soil
Liming Ameliorates Crude Oil Stress
and Promotes Biochemical Indices and
Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
Naila Ali*
The University of Lahore, Lahore
Email: naila.ali@imbb.uol.edu.pk
Crude oil contamination is a serious environmental threat to agricultural

soils. Different methods have been employed to ameliorate crude oil-
contaminated soils. However, little is known about the effects of liming on
plants grown in crude oil contaminated soils. In a glasshouse experiment,
fresh soil was mixed with different amounts (0, 1.75, 3.5, 5.25, or 7.0 kg) of
crude oil-contaminated soil equivalent to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% dry
weight basis of the total soil.pot−1 (i.e., 7 kg soil.pot−1). To half of the
contaminated soils, agricultural lime (aglime) was added as 3% of the
amount of contaminated soil. Thereafter, lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
was grown in all the pots. After 45 days, growth, physiological, and
biochemical properties of lemongrass were measured. Compared to plants
without crude oil exposure, increasing amounts of crude oil in the soil
significantly decreased all measured plant parameters (shoot and root
lengths and dry weights, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, total soluble
proteins and amino acids, antioxidant enzyme activities, and secondary
metabolites). However, compared to stressed plants without amendment,
lime application increased lemongrass shoot and root lengths and biomass
by about 20–50%, chlorophyll content by about 20–60%, carotenoid content
by about 20–30%, total soluble proteins by about 15–30%, total free amino
acids by about 10–40%, antioxidant enzyme activities by about 10–50%, and
secondary metabolites by about 30–50%. Our findings suggest that soil
liming could be a simple environmentally friendly method to ameliorate the
deleterious effects of crude oil contamination on plants.
INCPS-2024-37 Effects
of Different Rates and Ratios of
Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and
Nutrients Uptake in Newly Developed Rice (Oryza
sativa L.) Genotype
Javaid Ahmed Shah, *Javaria Afzal, Muhammad Irfan,
Muhammad Abbas, Nizamuddin Depar
Soil & Environmental Sciences Division
Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam
Email: juvaria_afzal@outlook.com
Imbalanced application of mineral fertilizers is one of the major constraints to
low productivity of rice in Pakistan. Rice genotypes varied in their fertilizer
requirements depending on the potential yield, morphology, soil conditions,
119
environment and use efficiency. This study was designed to assess the
application of diverse rates and ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on
yield, nutrients uptake and recoveries of newly developed rice genotype
“GSR-1”. Field experiments were conducted at experimental farm of Nuclear
Institute of Agriculture during consecutive Kharif seasons 2019 and 2020.
Ten combinations of treatments including T1: control, T2: 90-30, T3: 90-45, T4:
90-70, T5: 120-30, T6: 120-60, T7: 120-90, T8: 150-40, T9: 150-75 & T10: 150-
-1
110 kg N-P ha repeated thrice were arranged in RCBD. The pooled results
of both the years showed that the application of fertilizer rates significantly (p
< 0.05) influenced the growth traits, yield, nutrients uptake & recoveries of
“GSR-1”. The genotype produced the maximum tillers per plant, No. of
grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, paddy & biological yields, with the
-1 -1
application of T10 (150-110 kg N-P ha ). The T7 (120-90 N-P ha ) remained
statistically parallel to T10. However, the total N uptakes in paddy and straw
was significantly higher in T10 as compared to T7. Total N & P recoveries
were increased with increasing rates of N & P fertilizers. Thus, 120-90 kg N-
-1
P ha was found as most economical dose of fertilizer for rice genotype
“GSR-1”. However, regional trials with different soil types, fertility status and
Argo-ecological zones are recommended for general cultivation of newly
established rice genotype “GSR-1”.
Key words:Oryza sativa L., Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Ratios, Genotypes
INCPS-2024-38 Evaluating
Zinc Biofortification Potential
of Salt Tolerant and Sensitive Rice (Oryzasativa L.)
Genotypes
1 2 1
Inayatullah Rajpar , Nizamuddin Depar* ,ZiaUl Hassan Shah ,
2 2
Javaria , Sana Ullah
1
Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam
2
Soil & Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture,
Tandojam
Email: ndepar@gmail.com
Zinc is the most widely spread micronut disorder of wet land rice, which falls
next to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies. Zinc deficiency of rice may
result in malnutrition of people dependent on a rice-based diet. A field study
was carried out to evaluate Zn-biofortification potential of 10 pre-evaluated
salt tolerant and sensitive rice genotypes under saline conditions (ECe: 8
-1 -1
dSm ) using 0 and 15 kg Zn ha . The biomass and grain yield showed the
significant genotypic variation by application of Zn and interaction of
genotypes X zinc in saline conditions. Zinc concentrations in all genotypes
-1
increased with Zn application of 15 kg Zn ha but slight increase was
recorded in genotype Shua-92, which is a Zn efficient genotype. Maximum
grain yield index was recorded in Shua-92, Shandar and IR-36, while low Zn
deficiency tolerance observed in RG-120, and Sarshar, respectively. Highest
Zn efficiency was recorded in Shua-92 while RG-120 exhibited lowest one.
-
The saline soil containing HCO3 can be an ecological strategy for plants
120
grown on calcareous and Zn deficient soils. The Shua-92 showed the clear
response in the field conditions. The Shua-92, Shandar and IR-9 proved to
be the most Zn efficient genotypes while RG-120 and Sarshar Zn inefficient
one. The rest of all genotypes were observed as intermediate in efficiency. It
can be concluded from this study that because of different chemical factors
of soil on which these genotypes are grown and the physiological
mechanism of rice plants, the Zn efficiency trait is also associated with
bicarbonate tolerance of rice genotypes. Thus, the rice genotypes Shua-92,
Shandar, IR-9 (salt tolerant) proved as Zn efficient in Zn deficient field
conditions, are suggested for cultivation in Zn deficient soils. The genotypes
Sarshar and RG-120 showed as Zn in-efficient, Zinc fertilizer application of
-1
15 kg ha is suggested to achieve maximum yield and Zn nutrition for
human beings.
Key words: Zinc efficiency, salinity, rice genotypes, paddy yield
INCPS-2024-133 Analysis of Comparison between Zinc

Soil and Foliar Application to Improve Zinc
Biofortification of Coarse Rice
1* 2,3
Syeda Summiya ,Sana Ulla , Farooque Ali
1 2
Bhugio ,Nizamuddin Depar
1*
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan
2
Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture
(NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan.
3
Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and
Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai, Lithuanias
Email: syedasummaiya112@gmail.com
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient its deficiency caused complicated

health problems. Among different strategies to tackle Zn deficiency,
biofortification of rice crop is considered easy and environmentally safe
method. Thereby, this study aimed to compare the potential of two
agronomic biofortification methods; soil and foliar application in rice under
field condition during year of 2021 in kharif season. Experiment consists of
total four treatments as T1 control, T2 Zn soil supplementation at rate of 10
kg ha-1, T3 Zn foliar spray at booting stage at the rate of 0.25%, T4 Zn foliar
spray at booting + flowering stage at rate of 0.25%. Each treatment
replicated thrice following randomized complete block design (RCBD). At
harvest, crop growth, physiology, yield, and Zn concentration in paddy grain
straw, Zn uptake parameters were analyzed. The findings revealed
maximum growth (5.6%), number of tillers (90.9%), panicle length (48.5%),
weight of panicle (54.7%), and number of grain (32.7%), at T4 from their
respective control. The highest value of Chlorophyll a (42.9%) at T3, T4,
chlorophyll b (100%) at T2, T3, T4, Total chlorophyll (62.5%) at T4,
carotenoid (33.3%) at T2 in compared to control. Yield parameters obtained
such as grain yield (56.3%), straw yield (8.2%) and biological yield (13.7%)
to than their control. Maximum Zn concentration in paddy grain and uptake
121
400, 300 folds at T4, T3 respectively. While Zn concentration in rice straw

300 folds at T4 and uptake in paddy straw also 300 folds at T4 in
comparison to their control. In conclusion above results Zn doze at flowering
time at the rate of 0.25% suitable for the desirable increment in paddy grain
straw and their uptake as well however gap of the study suggests further
investigation at cellular level of plant is needed.
Keywords: Essential micronutrient, Agronomic biofortification, Foliar applications,

Growth physiology, Zinc concentration
Soil Carbon Sequestration and
Physicochemical Dynamics in Subtropical Pine and
Mixed Forest Ecosystems of Muzaffarabad:
Implications for Climate Change Mitigation and
Raja Waqar Ahmed Khan*, Maryam Quratulain, Hamayun

Shaheen, Karamit Hussain
Department of Botany, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King
Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad 13101. Pakistan
Email: rajawaqar345@gmail.com
Soil carbon sequestration plays a basic role in climate change mitigation by

removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Soil carbon pools hold more
carbon than both vegetation and the atmosphere combined. This study
aimed to quantify organic carbon stock and other physicochemical attributes
of soil to achieve overall sustainability in the dominant lesser Himalayan
subtropical forests of Muzaffarabad. Ten representative sites in each forest
type were selected for soil sampling. A total of 100 soil samples were
analyzed for SOC through the Walkley-Black method. The SOC averaged
-1 -1
63.86±3.29 Mg ha in coniferous forests and 50.05±3.05 Mg ha in mixed
-1
forests, with a total average of 56.95±1.40 Mg ha . SOC levels in coniferous
-1 -1
forest soils ranged from 82.11±6.52 Mg ha to 48.63±3.82 Mg ha , while
-1
mixed forest ecosystems exhibited SOC range of 62.29±4.71 Mg ha to
-1
35.57±2.34 Mg ha . The average soil pH was 7.1±0.14, whereas soil bulk
-3
density (BD), and electrical conductivity (EC) were 1.1±0.01 g cm and
-1
0.95±0.07dS m , respectively. Statistical analysis indicated a significant
difference in SOC between forest types. The sampled forests harboured 103
plant species from 48 families and 92 genera, with trees, shrubs, and
herbaceous plants constituting 17%, 12%, and 71% of the flora, respectively.
Dominant plant families included Poaceae, Compositeae, Fabaceae, and
Lamiaceae. The study implicates sustainable forest and soil management
policies, focusing on the forest conservation to improve SOC. These
initiatives are vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
related to the environment, economy, and society.
Keywords: Climate change, Forests, Pinus roxburghii, SDGs, Sustainability
122
INCPS-2024-180 Role
of Nitrogen Application to Improve
the Radiation use Efficiency and Quality of Cotton
Gossipumhirsutum L.
1 2 3
Safdar Hussain , Amjad Ali , Wajid Nazeer
1
Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan
2
College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha
3
Department of Plant Breeding &Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi
Khan
Climate change has a pronounced impact on radiation use efficiency and

quality of fiber. A field study was designed using a split-plot design to
investigate the impacts of nitrogen on radiation use efficiency and fiber
quality of cotton cultivars in Punjab, was carried out. The study under
representation was conducted over two years at three different locations viz.,
Adaptive Research Farm-Dera Ghazi Khan, Regional Agriculture Research
Institute Bahawalpur, and research farm of College of Agriculture, University
of Sargodha. Cultivars FH-lalazar, FH-142, and MNH-786 were treated to six
-1
different nitrogens levels 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 kg ha . The
CROPGRO-cotton model was tested and applied as a research tool which
showed significant results at all locations. The nitrogen level improved the
radiation use efficiency, cotton fiber quality. For cotton productivity, the arid
climate of Bahawalpur is far superior to the semi-arid climates of Sargodha
and Dera Ghazi Khan.
Keywords: Nitrogen application, radiation use efficiency, fibre quality, Gossypium
hirsutum L., CROPGRO-cotton model
123
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Plant Physiology and Stress Physiology

INCPS-2024-61 Assessing Lead and Cadmium Tolerance
of Chenopodium ambrosioides During
Micropropagation: An In-Depth Qualitative and
Quantitative Analysis
Tour Jan
Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of
Malakand, Chakdara, KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
The tolerance of Chenopodium ambrosioides to some heavy metals under in

vitro environment was thoroughly investigated. A micropropagation protocol
was developed to facilitate the mass production of plants and to identify
metals-tolerant species for potential use in the restoration of polluted areas.
Nodal explants exhibited callus formation when treated with N6-
benzyladenin (BA) (1.5 mg/l) and a combination of BA/_-naphthalene acetic
acid (NAA) at concentrations of 1.5/1.0 mg/l on the Murashige and Skoog
(MS) medium. The optimal shoot formation was achieved with the callus
grown on a medium enriched with 1.5/1.0 mg/l BA/NAA, resulting in an
impressive number (21.89) and length (11.79 cm) of shoots. The in vitro
shoots were rooted using NAA (1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) and were acclimatized in
pots with 71% survival rate. After standardizing micropropagation protocol,
the in vitro shoots were subjected to various doses of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2
and cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 in the media let to a
reduction in shoot multiplication, decreasing from 18.73 in the control group
to 11.31 for Pb(NO3)2 and 13.89 for CdCl2 containing medium. However,
Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 promoted shoot length from 5.61 in the control to 9.86
on Pb(NO3)2 and 12.51 on CdCl2 containing medium. In the case of
Pb(NO3)2 treated shoots, the growth tolerance index (GTI) ranged
from117.64% to 194.11%, whereas, for CdCl2 treated shoots, the GTI ranged
from 188.23% to 264.70%. Shoots treated with a high level of Pb(NO3)2
induced reddish-purple shoots, while a low level of Pb(NO3)2 induced shoots
displayed both green and reddish-purple colors in the same explants. In
CdCl2 treated culture, the toxic effects were narrow leaf lamina, elongated
petiole, and a dark reddish purple coloration. These findings highlight the
remarkable potential of C. ambrosioides to maintain growth and
organogenesis even in the presence Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 on the MS
medium, indicating a high degree of metal tolerance.
INCPS-2024-26 Acclimation
of Fruit Crops to Climate
Change-Induced Stresses: A Comprehensive Review
1 1 2
Muhammad Atiq Ashraf , Muhammad Ateeq , Saqib Ayyub ,
3 1 1 1 1
Talha Riaz , JianMeng , Du Haowei , Saira Batool , Xingyi Shen ,
1 1 2 1
Yang Jinzhi , An Siwei , Fareeha Shireen *, Liu Junwei *
124
1
National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of
Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,430070,
Hubei, China
2
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
38000, Punjab, Pakistan
3
College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan,430070, Hubei, China
Email: junwei.liu@mail.hzau.edu.cn; fareeha.shireen@uaf.edu.pk
Climate change is posing significant challenges to global agriculture with fruit

crops particularly vulnerable to its detrimental effects. The increasing
frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, such as flooding, drought, heat,
cold, and salinity, are threatening the survival and yields of many
economically important fruit crops. These stresses have been reported to
negatively affect the biomass and yield of fruit crops up to 70%. To ensure
food security and sustainable fruit production, it is crucial to understand the
mechanisms by which fruit crops acclimate and adapt to these climate
change-induced stresses. In this review, we examine the physiological,
biochemical, and molecular responses of fruit crops to various climate
change-related stresses and also discuss the key adaptive strategies
employed by fruit trees, including modifications in stomatal regulation,
osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant defense systems, and alterations in
gene expression patterns. We also highlight the importance of exploring
genetic diversity, breeding for stress-tolerant cultivars, and the potential of
biotechnological approaches, such as genome editing, to enhance the
climate resilience of fruit crops. Furthermore, this review explores the role of
integrated management practices, including the use of cover crops,
mulching, irrigation scheduling, and the application of plant growth
regulators, in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on fruit
production. By providing a brief overview of this issue authors discuss the
challenges and future research directions in acclimating fruit crops to
climate-change-induced stresses, paving the way for more resilient and
sustainable fruit production in the future.
INCPS-2024-27 Proline Induced Changes in Cellular

Redox Balance by Modulating Photosystem-II and
Antioxidant Activity under Salinity Stress in Bread
Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
1 1 1
Ayesha Khalid *, Sarah Ambreen , Nadeem Hussain , Azra
1 1 1
Manzoor , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar , Zafar Ullah Zafar ,
2
Muhammad Ashraf
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
2
The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan,
Email: ayeshakhalid307@gmail.com
Adverse effects of salinity on physiological processes such as

photosynthesis can be mitigated through activation of antioxidants or
125
accumulation of osmo-protectants like proline. Present study aimed to

assess whether or not exogenous application of 100 mM proline protect
photosystem II in wheat cultivars under saline conditions and up to what
extent cellular redox balance contributed in it. Two wheat cultivars out of
seven were (selected based on growth improvement due to proline
application) exogenously applied to 100 mM proline grown under control or
salt stress (0, 150 mM NaCl). Salinity stress decreased the growth of wheat
cultivars, plant water status, photosynthetic pigments, structural stability of
PSII (active reaction centers, donor end of PSII Fv/Fo), and electron
transport through PSII to PSI and increased NPQ in wheat cultivars. Salinity
stress also caused oxidative stress by producing H2O2. However, foliar
treatment of 100 mM proline improved growth of plants of both wheat
cultivars under salt stress, which was associated with increased endogenous
level of proline. Increased endogenous level of proline improves the plants
osmotic potential in cultivar Galaxy-13. Application of proline improved
functional activity of PSII by increasing the reaction center density, and
electron transport through PSII to PSI. Proline also lowered the ROS
generation in Galaxy-13 by enhanced the cyclic electron transport and
increased the antioxidants activities (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and
catalase) in both cultivars of wheat. Increase in PSII activity, and reduction in
oxidative stress due to proline application is greater in cv. Galaxy-13 than in
salt tolerant cv. S-24.
INCPS-2024-28 AscorbicAcid-Mediated Enhancement of

Antioxidants and Photosynthetic Efficiency: A
Strategy for Enhancing Canola Yield under Salt
Stress
1 1 1
Nawishta Saleem , Sibgha Noreen ,Muhammad Salim Akhter ,
1 1
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar , Seema Mahmood
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
Email: nawishtasaleem@yahoo.com
The ameliorative role of AsA (200 ppm) in improving growth by changing
antioxidant response, photosynthetic capacity and mineral nutrient status of
two canola varieties (Dunkled and Cyclone) under 200 mM NaCl salinity
stress was studied. Salt stress reduced plant biomass, photosynthetic
+ 2+
activity, and accumulation of macro and micronutrients such as K , Ca and
2+ + -
Zn in two canola varieties, while it increased in accumulation of Na and Cl
. The salinity-induced oxidative stress (H2O2 and MDA) caused
photoinhibition of PSII at the donor and acceptor ends leading to limited
ETRII. Salt stress increased in NPQ and ETRI in both canola varieties. In
addition, salt stress enhanced CEF around PSI. However, foliar application
of AsA ameliorated the negative effects of salt stress on both canola
varieties. Application of AsA improved the stomatal conductance, inter-
cellular CO2 concentration and net CO2 assimilation rate thereby resulting in
126
improved consumption of extra-electrons in CO2 fixation generated by

photosynthetic electron transport. Exogenous AsA application reduced the
oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant potential by managing extra-
electrons produced in CO2 fixation. Application of AsA improved the
structural stability of PSII, linear electron transport and reduced donor end
limitation of PSI activity by improving electron transfer from PSII to PSI. All
these physiologicaland biochemical changes due to AsA application helped
the canola plants to improve growth and yield under salinity. Thus, the
application of ascorbic acid has the potential to ameliorate the detrimental
effects of NaCl stress on canola plants.
INCPS-2024-135 Effect of Ecofriendly Hydrogels on Oryza

sativa L. under Water Stress
1 1* 1
Faiza Javed Sumera Iqbal*Khajista Jabeen , Abid Majeed
2 3
Satti and Noshin Ilyas
1
Punjab 54000, Pakistan
2
National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad
3
PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi
Email: sumeraiqbal2@yahoo.com
More than one third of the whole cultivated region of the globe is affected by
water stress. Oryza sativa L. consumes most of the total irrigation
groundwater and is highly susceptible to water stress, particularly at the
reproductive stage. Hydrogel Technology in agriculture can ensure better
crop productivity in moisture stressed environments by delaying the
permanent wilting point of the plants. In this study, 3 types of hydrogels were
selected on the basis of environmentally friendly nature which were not toxic
to soil. Chitosan based potato peel based hydrogels, cellulose based
hydrogels, gum arabica based hydrogels were prepared. After preparation,
hydrogels were characterized on the basis of swelling properties, Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. After characterization, in vitro
germination of rice seeds was examined. Then the hydrogels were dried and
grinded into powder form and then a pot experiment was conducted in which
both soil application of powdered hydrogels (at 2g/kg concentration was
applied) and seeds coated with these hydrogels were grown to check which
method is best for rice against drought stress. Drought was applied to rice at
the reproductive stage for 7 days. Results of this research concluded that
both seeds coated with cellulose based hydrogels show best results against
drought in the yield parameters of rice. And also, both soil application and
seed coated with hydrogels were found effective for improving yield related
attributes under water stress. But the seed coated method is more beneficial
because of cost effectiveness.
Keywords: Drought, Hydrogels, Oryza sativa L, Seed coating, Soil Application.
127
INCPS-2024-265 Hexavalent
Chromium Uptake and its
Effects on Mineral Nutrients Status, Photosynthesis
and Key Metabolites Related to Amino acids and
Glactose Metabolism in Brassica napus
1 1 1 1 1
Ahsan Ayyaz , Iram Batool , Xiaofen Wu , Di He ,Tongjun Qin ,
1 2 1*
Fakhir Hannan , Muhammad Ahsan Farooq , Weijun Zhou
1
Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key
Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310058, China
2
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine
Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science,
Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
E-mail address: wjzhou@zju.edu.cn (WZ)
Brassica napus is a biennial crop that is widely used for oil, fodder, biofuel,
and it is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world, after soybeans
and palm oil. Current studies suggest that B. napus has significant potential
for cultivation in marginal lands polluted with heavy metals. To assess the
effects of 50-μM Cr treatment on B. napus seedlings, a hydroponic
experiment was conducted to measure the Cr accumulation, cell wall
components, and metabolomics profiling. Cr treatment significantly
increased the Cr uptake and accumulation by 31% in cultivar ZS758 and
57% in cultivar ZD622. The Cr treatment reduced shoot and root fresh and
dry biomass by 57% and 73%, and 29% and 42%, respectively. It also
decreased Pn, Gs, and Tr by 42% and 64%, 36% and 47%, 32% and 42% in
ZS758 and ZD622, respectively. Additionally, chlorophyll fluorescence
indices indicated a decrease in PSI performance. The 50-µM Cr treatment
significantly reduced the calcium (Ca) by 62%, potassium (K) 58%,
phosphorous (P) 49%, iron (Fe) 42%, copper (Cu), 40% and manganese
(Mn) 36% in cultivar ZS758. While decrease was more obvious in cultivar
ZD622 including Ca, K, P, Fe, Cu and Mn by 86%, 74%, 68%, 58%, 62%
and 48%, respectively. The findings show that Cr treatment led to 256 and
136 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in cultivars ZS758 and
ZD622. Additionally, cultivar ZS758 displayed 218 unique DEMs, while
cultivar ZD622 displayed 98 DEMs, with 38 DEMs shared by both rapeseed
cultivars. These metabolites were related to amino acid biosynthesis,
particularly cysteine/homocysteine, lysine, tryptophan, alanine, glutamate,
and proline. These results suggest that Cr triggered defence mechanisms
through metabolome profile reprogramming, cell wall biosynthesis, plant
hormone signalling pathways, and transporters. These findings contribute to
a better understanding of the morpho-physiological and metabolomics
changes in Cr-resistant crop species.
Key words: Brassica napus, Heavy metal, Phytoremediation, Metabolomics, cell wall,
plant growth
128
INCPS-2024-57 Roleof Polyethylene Glycol to Alleviate

Lead Stress in Raphanus sativus
1 1 2
Muhammad Sajid , Shakil Ahmed , Aamir Ali , Nasim Ahmad
3 4*
Yasin ,Rehana Sardar ,
1
3
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
4
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, Emerson University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: rehana.sardar@eum.edu.pk
The continuous contamination of heavy metals (HMs) in our ecosystem due

to industrialization, urbanization and other anthropogenic activities has
become a serious environmental constraint to successful crop production.
Lead (Pb) toxicity causes ionic, oxidative and osmotic injuries which induce
various morphological, physiological, metabolic and molecular abnormalities
in plants. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used to elucidate drought
stress induction and alleviation mechanisms in treated plants. Some recent
studies have unveiled the potential of PEG in regulating plant growth and
developmental procedures including seed germination, root and shoot
growth and alleviating the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses in plants.
Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the effects of seed priming with
various concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%and 40%) of PEG on the growth and
development of radish plants growing under Pb stress (75 mg/kg soil). Lead
toxicity reduced root growth (32.89%), shoot growth (32.81%), total
chlorophyll (56.25%) and protein content (58.66%) in treated plants.
Similarly, plants showed reduced biomass production of root (35.48%) and
shoot (31.25%) under Pb stress, while 30% PEG seed priming enhanced
biomass production of root (28.57%) and shoot (35.29%) under Pb
contaminated regimes. On the other hand, seedlings obtained from 30%
PEG priming demonstrated a notable augmentation in the concentrations of
photosynthetic pigments, antioxidative activity and biomass accumulation of
the plants. PEG-treated plants showed modulations in the enzymatic
activities of peroxidase (PO), catalase (CAT)and superoxide dismutase
(SOD). These changes collectively played a role in mitigating the adverse
effects of Pb on plant physiology. Our data revealed that PEG interceded
stress extenuation encompasses numerous regulatory mechanisms
including scavenging of ROS through antioxidant and non-antioxidants,
improved photosynthetic activity and appropriate nutrition.Hence, it becomes
necessary to elucidate the beneficial role of PEG in developing approaches
for improving plant growth and stress tolerance.
INCPS-2024-41 Influence of CuO Nanoparticles on

Photosystem II Structural Stability and Functional
Activity of Corn (Zea mays L.) under Drought Stress
129
1 1,3 1 1
Shakeel Ahmad , Abdul Razzaq , Ismat Umar , Binish Khaliq ,
2 1*
Muhammad Javed , Muhammad Iqbal
1
Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
2
Education, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Govt Associate College, Renala Khurd
Corresponding Authors: *Muhammad Iqbal,
Email: iqbal_shakir@uo.edu.pk
Drought stress is an important limiting factor for plant growth and agricultural
sustainability. Photoinhibition and photooxidation of photosystem II (PSII) is
one of the key damages caused by the drought stress. To alleviate drought-
induced physiological and biochemical damages in plants, use of nano-
particles is one of the potential strategies. However, the effect of nano-
particles on plant growth and physiology is variable. The present study
aimed to assess whether or not foliar application of copper oxide
nanoparticles(CuONPs) are effective in promoting PSII stability and activity
under drought stress. Three-week old plants of corn were subjected to
drought stress and varying levels of CuOnano-particles (0, 25, 50 and 100
mM). In this study, the effects of foliar application of copper oxide
nanoparticles(0, 25, 50, and 100 mM CuONPs) on growth, plant water
status, nutrient uptake and structural stability of photosystem II of corn plants
under drought stress were assessed. Drought stress impeded overall growth
of corn by reducing leaf relative water content, water potential chlorophyll a
+
content, and accumulation of K in leaves and root. Drought stress also
increased the root length of corn plants. Exogenous application of 25 mM
CuO nanoparticles enhanced the growth of corn. Exogenous application of
CuOnano-particles improved the dry biomass of root and root length of corn
plants under drought stress. Although application of nano-particles did not
+
change photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, accumulation of K
+
in leaves, it enhanced the accumulation of K in roots. Drought stress did not
affect the structural stability of PSII, but reduced its activity (performance
index, PIABS) due to changes in reaction center density (RC/(1-RC) and
biochemical reaction efficiency or electron transport capability (Eo/(1-Eo).
Exogenous application of CuO-nano-particles improved PIABS due to
increase in active reaction center density and electron transport efficiency.
However, 100 mM CuO nano-particles application caused PSII damage at
the donor end and reduced active reaction center density in corn plants
under both normal and drought stress conditions. The present findings
provide baseline information that foliar application of CuO-nanoparticles in
low concentration can improve the growth of corn by improving accumulation
+
of K and increasing PSII activity.
INCPS-2024-86 Physiological
Screening of Some
Sunflower Genotypes Against Abiotic Stress
1 2
Muhammad Umar *, Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui
1
Education and Literacy Department, GOS
2
University of Karachi
130
Email: umarbotanist@gmail.com
The physiological screening of sunflower genotypes under salt, drought

stress individually and in combination were performed. The ssalt and drought
treatments to the plants were gradually increased. Stresses were applied 30
days old plants that lasted for 14 days. To evaluate the physioplogical
performance; PSI and PSII efficiencies relative water content, osmotic
potential, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contents, ion analysis and
antioxidants activities were investigated. Combined stress found to be
erroneous for photochemical activities in sunflower cultivars compared to
single stress. Maximum quantum yield of PSII, light absorption flux per cross
section of leaf, phenomological fluxes, plastoquinone pool size, rate of
reaction centre closure,performance indexes and driving force of absorption
were calculated and inferred from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements
and were greatly affected by combined stress. The photosynthetic apparatus
of the sunflower cultivars S.28111 and SF0049 was found less effected to
salt and drought stress compared to both Hysun cultivars. The Hysun-33 and
Hysun-39 showed a very low value of Fm and then essentially lowest
fluorescence transient curve; this may result in structural changes as well as
changes in energy dissipation and electron transport. Proline and carotenoid
contents in drought stress were elevated compared to salt stress. Combined
stress reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes which ultimately
decreased the physiological performance of sunflower plants. Superoxide
dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) showed
the highest activity in individual salt and drought stress with less
accumulation of H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. The antioxidant activities
were also higher in S.28111 and SF0049 to both Hysun cultivars under
stressful environments. S.28111 and SF0049 had greater capacity to
+ -
scavenge the reactive oxygen species and less Na and Cl concentration,
hence protect their photosynthetic apparatus under combined stress. The
effects of combined stress on Hysun-39 was synergistic whereas in S.28111
cross tolerance in most of the physiological processes were found. However,
among the genotypes, S.28111 and SF0049 were found to be more tolerant
to drought, salt and combined stress as compared to both Hysun genotypes.
The screened genotypes may be recommended after field trials for use by
the farmers of salinized or decertified areas and would be helpful to fulfil the
demand of edible oil of ever growing population of Pakistan.
INCPS-2024-125 Comparative Physiological Responses

to Antibiotic Stress in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
and Turnip (Brassica rapa L.)
1 1 1 1
Neelam Shahzadi, Hussan Bano*, Maimoona Rehman, Akasha
Qayyum
1
Department of Botany, The Women University Multan
Email: Hussan.bano@wum.edu.pk: banohussan5@gamil.com
131
Underground vegetables are the cheap source of food, having high nutritional
values, continuously affected due to addition of antibiotic into soil by
anthropogenic activity. The aim of current research was to assess the direct
effect of antibiotic (doxycycline) on two crops radish and turnip with following
concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM)at field area. Completely randomized
block design with three replicate was used. Germination data shown that 15
mM antibiotic stress did not affect germination of radish seeds however
root/shoot length was decreased, but no germination was observed in turnip at
15 mM. Fresh and dry biomass, RWC, WUC, RSD, and LWC showed
reduction at 15 mM in both crops. However, respective parameters showing
better growth at 10 mM. Increased level of proline was observed at 15 mM in
both crops. Reduction in photosynthetic pigments and QY of PS-II at 15 mM
was observed except carotenoids in both crops. OJIP results reveled that in
both crops under antibiotic stress maximum increased in Fo, Fj, Fi, Fv, Fm,
Mo, ABS/RC, ETo/RC, TRo/RC, and DIo/RC were examined at 10 mM.
However, the rate of closed reaction center accumulation (Mo), absorption of
energy (ABS/RC), trapping of electrons (TRo/RC), transport of electrons
(ETo/RC), and dissipation of absorbed energy as heat (DIo/RC) increased at
10 mM. Increased in number of closed reaction center indicating safe mode for
plants. It was concluded that 10 mM having promoting effects while 15 mM is
threshed hold level for both crops. Both crops showing the same response of
sensitivity towards antibiotic stress at the concentration of 15 mM.
INCPS-2024-17 Redox Priming of Seeds to Ameliorate

Salinity Tolerance of Plants for Saline Agriculture:
Efficacy and Mechanistic Insights
1 1 1*
Sadiq Hussain , Aysha Rasheed ,Abdul Hameed
1
Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization,
University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Email: ahameed@uok.edu.pk
The increasing demand for food, combined with rising world population,
necessitates the development of strategies to use marginal areas and saline
resources for agricultural production. Seed redox priming provides a simple,
practical, and cost-effective solution to enhance not only the seed
germinability but also the tolerance of seeds and seedlings to common
abiotic stresses including salinity. It entails controlled hydration of seeds in a
redox compound solution, which triggers key pre-germination metabolic
activities, providing seeds a head start to germinate while also improving
overall stress tolerance during germination and seedling establishment
stages. Ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and
melatonin are some commonly used compounds for redox seed priming.
Most research on this topic is limited to crop seeds, and there is little data
available on the seeds of several recently developed crops, including stress-
resistant halophytic crop candidates. We therefore explored the potential and
underlying mechanisms of redox priming in improving salinity tolerance of
some local halophyte crop candidates. Our results indicate that redox
132
priming treatments improved salinity tolerance of tested species in dose- and

species-specific manner. Biochemical analysis indicated a H2O2-NO
signaling may be involved in enhancing tolerance of halophyte seeds and
seedlings following redox priming.
INCPS-2024-04 Effect of Humic acid on Seed germination

and Seedling growth of Sub-Tropical Halophyte
1,2 1 1
Sonia Bano Bilquees Gul Muhammed Zaheer Ahmed
1
Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi.
75270 - Karachi, Pakistan.
2
Govt.Girls.Degree.College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Email: soniabano2march@hotmail.com
This study was carried out to determine the effects of three types of humic
acids (HA1 and HA2 and HA3) and different humic acid concentrations (0,
-1
250 and 500 mg L ) on seed germination of ten halophytic species under
o
two thermoperiods (10/20 and 20/30 C); two photoperiods (12/12h dark/light
and 24h dark) and two NaCl treatments (non-saline control vs. salinity
reported to induce 50% germination inhibition, respectively). Humic acid did
not seem to alleviate seed germination of most halophytes under non-saline
o
conditions at sub-optimal thermoperiod (10/20 C) except for
AeluropuslagopoidesandArthrocnemummacrostachyum. Humic acid
alleviated seed germination of Urochondrasetulosain the presence of light
(12/12h; light/dark photoperiod) under saline conditions. Lower concentration
-1
(250 mg L ) of the three humic acid types improved seed germination of
Aeluropuslagopoides, Cyperus conglomeratus, Desmostachyabipinnata,
Halopeslis. perfoliata, Pharagmiteskarkaunder saline conditions in the
-1
absence of light. However, all humic acids at 500 mg L alleviated the
salinity effects on seed germination of Sporobolus ioclados. Humic acid
treatments could partly substitute the light requirement of few halophyte
seeds germinated under saline conditions. The role of humic acid (HA1) was
also studied on the seedling growth, water relations, ion regulation and
photochemistry of Urochondrasetulosaunder saline conditions (0, 300 and
600 mM NaCl). Plants maintained water use efficiency regardless of
+
increasing NaCl concentrations but the increase in Na was counter-
+ +
balanced by lowering Na /K ratios of root and shoot. Selective absorption of
+ +
K over Na was improved by humic acid in both NaCl treatments whereas,
+ +
K over Na transport was improved only in 600 mM NaCl. Humic acid
improved electron transport rate (rETR) and Non-photochemical quenching
of fluorescence (NPQ) at 300 mM NaCl. Humic acid treatment improved anti-
oxidantdefense at cellular level by decreasing the percentage of blue stained
cells, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in leaves
under saline conditions. Humic acid application appears to be a low cost bio-
stimulant for enhancing seed germination and growth of halophytes under
saline conditions.
Keywords: Halophyte, Seed Germiantion, Growth, Humic Acid Salinity.
133
INCPS-2024-10 Drought
and Salinity Induced Alterations
in Growth and Ecophysiology of Phragmites karka
Noor Fatima
Government College for Women Saudabad, Malir, Karachi, Pakistan.
Email: fatimanoor2023@hotmail.com
Water scarcity and salinity are increasing ecological issues and constraints
that unfavorably affect plant growth. This research aims to investigate
resistance of P. karka to well water (subirrigation) and reduced water (40%
WHC) under 0, 100 or 300 mM NaCl. Growth decreased in drought
compared to sub-irrigation treatment. Some growth parameters was
maintained at 300 mM at water deficit which was achieved by increased in
WP and OP and decreased turgor potential. Plant sodium was enriched in
both salinity and water deficit but leaf K+ was declined only at water deficit
treatments of salinity. Selective absorption of K+ over Na+ enhanced with
increasing salinities and selective transport were increased only in water
deficit and salinity treatment compared to control. The root Na+/K+ was
higher compared to leaf but declined significantly in both plant organs in
water deficit compared to sub-irrigation. Leaf KUE was unaffected at saline
treatment of drought but decreased in sub-irrigation compare to control.
Proline and MDA were enhanced significantly in 300 mM NaCl under sub-
irrigation and water deficit conditions. Stomatal number decreased
significantly as increasing salinity in each stress treatments. DPPH, ABTS,
TAC and FRAP activities were enhanced in salinity of sub-irrigation and
drought. SOD, CAT, GPx, anthocyanin, polyphenols, flavonoids,
proanthocyanidins, β-carotene, carotenoids and tannins were increased in
drought at 300 mM NaCl. Total chlorophyll decreased in 300 mM NaCl
during water deficit. Plant increase their non-photochemical quenching
(NPQ) in saline drought treatments. ETR, Fv/Fm, qP, YII were not
significantly different in all saline drought treatments. NDF and ADF were
decreased at 300 mM NaCl drought and sub-irrigation. Lignin deposition
improved at 300 mM NaCl in drought than subirrigation. Our results indicates
that P. karka could produce minimum biomass for economical purposes in
water deficit and saline areas.
Keywords: Anatomy, antioxidant activity, ion homeostasis, lignocellulosic biomass,
water deficit.
the Efficacy of Melatonin seed
priming technique in Alleviation of Drought Stress in
Bread Wheat
Sehar Shaheen*
Government College Women University, Faisalabad
Email: seharshaheen@gcwuf.edu.pk
Melatonin (MT= N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a natural antioxidant and

indolic compound that is derived from the precursor tryptophan. It has a
134
significant role in numerous morpho-physiological developments in plants

such as germination, biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, and most
prominently stress alleviation. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects plants’
development and growth by negatively altering plant’s physio-biochemical
functions. Previous investigations have illustrated that seed priming with
growth regulators is an accessible, affordable, and effective practice to
elevate plant’s tolerance to drought stress. Therefore, to examine the effect
of melatonin seed priming technique in alleviation of drought stress in wheat
cultivars, the present research was implemented using different
concentrations of melatonin (i.e., M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5). Our results
approved that seed priming with M2=2mgL-1 concentration of MT alleviates
the negative effects of DS by boosting germination rate +54.84% in Akber-19
and +33.33% in Fakhar-e-Bhakkar, similarly, relative water contents were
enhanced by +22.38% and +13.28% in Akber-19 and Fakhar-e-Bhakkar
respectively. Melatonin pre-treatment with 2mgL-1 significantly enhanced
fresh and dry biomass of shoot and root, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments,
Osmo-protectants accumulation [total soluble proteins (TSP), total free
amino acids (TFAA), proline, soluble sugars, glycine betaine (GB)] and
lowered the amount of melondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen per oxide
(H2O2) production by elevating antioxidants [Ascorbic acid, catalase (CAT),
Phenolics, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] activity.
Whereas under control conditions, melatonin treatment M1=1mgL-1
effectively enhanced all the growth-related physio-biochemical attributes in
both wheat cultivars. These findings suggested that seed priming with
melatonin promotes antioxidant enzyme activities that ultimately scavenge
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhance plant tolerance to drought
stress.
Keywords: Drought stress, Antioxidant activity, Seed priming, Melatonin, Chlorophyll
content
INCPS-2024-30 Menadiol
diacetate mediated subcellular
Cd accumulation and nutrients uptake alleviates Cd
toxicity and increases growth and yield of summer
squash
Wajeeha Yaseen
Baba Guru Nanak University, Nankana Sahib
Email: wajeehayaseen@gmail.com
Cadmium (Cd) has shown toxicity to reduce growth and productivity in

different plants. The Present study investigated the efficacy of menadiol
diacetate (MD) to reduce Cd stress on growth and yield of summer squash
plants. The experiment was performed under saturated Hoagland’s nutrient
solution (control) while the other group was supplemented with 0.1 mM
CdCl2 (Cd stress). Surface sterilized seeds of summer squash were primed
in different concentrations (10, 20 µM) of MD as well as in distilled water for
24 h and sown in the pots. Different morphological and physio-biochemical
attributes were determined after 35 d of growth whereas the data for yield
135
attributes was collected after 70 d. Cd concentration was determined in

various subcellular compartments i.e., cell walls and cell wall debris,
chloroplast, cell membrane and other organelles including vacuoles. The Cd
stress decreased photosynthetic pigments, osmoprotectants and ultimately
caused reduction in the yield attributes. Further, it increased the secondary
metabolites and oxidants (MDA and H2O2) in the summer squash tissues.
The exposure to Cd also altered ions accumulation in the tissues. The MD-
priming, particularly at 10 µM concentration mediated increase in the total
phenolics, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanins concentration, and thus
enhanced growth and yield attributes of summer squash exposed to Cd
toxicity. Further, MD-priming facilitated Cd compartmentalization in
subcellular compartments. In this context, cell wall and vacuole were the key
compartments for Cd sequestration. This study highlights MD-priming as a
potential strategy to counter Cd toxicity in summer squash plants.
Keywords: MD- priming, Subcellular Cd accumulation, Cd toxicity
INCPS-2024-65 Interaction of Cadmium, Copper and

Salicylic Acid on Physiological Parameters in Two
Varieties of Pea
1 2
Khizar Hayat Bhatti *, Abeer Zahra
1
Department of Botany, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-
50700, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat,
Gujrat-50700, Pakistan
Email: khizar.hayat@uog.edu.pk
The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar
salicylic acid spray in reducing the negative effects of heavy metal
(cadmium, copper) stress on two varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) Meteor
and Green Cross during 2020-2021. Heavy metal stress on plants (40, 60,
80 and 120 ppm) eventually caused the loss of several of their
morphological traits. All morphological parameters such as root and shoot
length as well as dry and fresh biomass, leaf area, number of leaves and
leaf area ratio were declined with the heavy metals (Cd, Cu) stress.
Antioxidant levels as well as biochemical attributes were decreased by
heavy metal stress. After plants were exposed to stress, the amount of
protein and carbohydrates decreased. All photosynthesis-related pigments,
including chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, were similarly decreased. The
outcomes of the experiment demonstrated that spraying plants with salicylic
acid both under normal circumstances and when they were exposed to
heavy metal stress was beneficial. The negative effects of heavy metal
stress on plants were reduced with the use of foliar sprays containing
salicylic acid. The Meteor variety of pea produced the best effects across the
board, according to overall data. The study found that foliar treatments of 30
and 40 ppm of SA could help plants under heavy metal stress by enhancing
morphological, physiological, biochemical, antioxidant activity, and yield
catalogues in pea plants. Salicylic acid, when used to relieve heavy metal
stress, can therefore be advantageous in this regard. This can be done to
increase crop output, despite the fact that salicylic acid application has also
136
proved successful. According to our research, oxidative stress is the main

contributor to the phytotoxicity of heavy metals (Cd and Cu), and salicylic
acid is a key component of pea plants' defence mechanisms against Cd and
Cu exposure.
INCPS-2024-118 Interactive
Effects of GA3-biochar and
Alga-based Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth
and Physiological Traits of Maize under Copper
Stress
1 1
Yumna Rasheed ,Mussarat Ramzan
1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad -ul -jaded Campus Bahawalpur
Email: rasheedyumna542@gmail.com
Copper toxicity constitutes a formidable obstacle to sustainable crop

production, jeopardizing the overall performance and output of agricultural
systems and food security, necessitating effective mitigation strategies for
sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the Interactive effects of
GA3-biochar and alga-based Titanium oxide nanoparticles on growth and
physiological traits of maize under copper stress. Maize seedlings were
treated with different concentrations of TiO NPs (0, 50, and 100 mg/L) and
GA3-enriched BC (0 and 0.5% w/w) separately and in combination, to
assess their impact on germination, plant growth, biochemical responses,
and copper content in plant and soil under copper-contaminated soil.The
results showed that copper stress negatively impacted all agronomic,
biochemical, and copper-related parameters. However, GA3-enriched BC
significantly enhanced seedling germination. While co-application of TiO NPs
and GA3-enriched BC significantly enhanced leaf index, shoot length, and
plant height. The combined treatment also increased enzymatic antioxidant
activity (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity
(soluble protein, sugar, flavonoid, phenolic content), thereby reducing
oxidative stress markers (H2O2, MDA, EL) in plants. The result also revealed
that the 50NPs+0.5% BC treatment exhibited the most profound effects on
copper content in soil and plant, with a 51% reduction in shoot copper
content, 50% reduction in root bioconcentration factor, and 55% reduction in
bioaccumulation factor, in comparison with control. The evidence indicates
that the co-application of TiO NPs and GA3-enriched BC can effectively
alleviate copper toxicity in maize, highlighting the potential of
nanotechnology and biochar in mitigating heavy metal toxicity and promoting
sustainable agriculture. This study's outcomes have significant implications
for agricultural productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability,
and lay the groundwork for future research into integrated approaches to
alleviate heavy metal stress in crops.
137
INCPS-2024-69 Environmental Regulation in Tissue

Specific Ion Distribution and Salt Secretion of
Coastal Grass Urochondasetulosa
*
Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed , Kehkashan Najam
1
Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophytes Utilization
(MAK-ISHU) University of Karachi Karachi - 75270, Pakistan
Email: mzahmed@uok.edu.pk
Salt secretion is an important adaptive strategy of halophytes and its

efficiency depends on the environmental conditions especially at root zone.
However, little is known about the dynamics of salt excretion in
recretohalophytes under varying environmental conditions. This work was
focused on the growth attributes, tissue ion-flux and salt secretion rates of
Urochondrasetulosa (a high salt resistant grass) under 1) different seasons
condition in field (winter and summer), 2) different concentrations of NaCl (0,
-1
to 600 mmol L ), 3) different duration with salinity exposure (0 to 30 days),
-2 -1
and 4) different light intensities (low - 500 and high -1500 μmol m s ). In
+ -
winter, soil of U. setulosa habitat had high EC (due to increase in Na , Cl ,
- + +
NO3 and NH4 content) than summer season. Moreover, the high Na and
Cl- secretion in winter linked with their soil salt content. In greenhouse
condition, optimal plant growth was found at 50 mmol L-1, while plant
+ -
resisted high salinity by utilizing Na and Cl as a cheap osmotica to maintain
- +
tissue water content and nutrient (NO3 and NH4 ) homeostasis. Whereas,
+ +
decrease in shoot K was negatively related to shoot Na . Ion secretion
+ -
mechanism excluded >50% absorbed Na and Cl to protect plant from ion
+ -
toxicity. The accumulation of Na and Cl was high in root than shoot during
early period (within a week) of salinity treatment. The higher accumulation of
+ -
Na and Cl in shoot than root during long term (after a week) salinity
exposure is linked with high salt secretion rate. In addition, decline in shoot
+ -1
K from 7th day of 200 mmol L NaCl treated plants was associated with
high Na+ uptake. High light enhanced the ion uptake and ion secretion rate
in comparison to plants growing in low light condition. Knowledge of tissue
related ion flux and salt secretion can help us in understanding the ability of
the plants to survive in a saline habitat and improve the salt-tolerance of
crops like low salt secretor-Zea mays.
INCPS-2024-74 Assessing Salt Tolerance in Some Synthetic

Lines of Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) at Early Seedling
Stage
Muhammad Ubaidullah Shirazi, M. Ali Khan, M. Aqib, M. Faheem, S. M.
Usama, Tarique Mehmood, Saifullah Baloch
Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
Email: shirazi050465@yahoo.com
Twelve advanced synthetic wheat (Triticum turgidum × Aegilops squarrosa)

lines from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT),
138
Mexico,weretestedto assess the salt tolerance potential of these lines at

early seedling stagein water culture using ½ strength nutrient solution (in
programmed controlled growth cabinets). The genotypes were exposed to
control (ECw = 1.9 dS/m) andsaline (ECw =16 dS/mNaCl), arranged in
randomized manner, replicated thrice. The experiment was continued for 10
days. The genotypes were categorized on the basis of salt tolerance trait
indices (STTI) of multiple growth parameters i.e. shoot & root length, shoot &
root fresh and dry weights, root morphology and ionic relations (K/Na ratio).
Three genotypes three genotypes (Syn-4, Syn-5 and Syn-9) were
categorized as tolerant, five (Syn-2, Syn-3, Syn-13, Syn-17 and Kiran-95) as
medium tolerant, four (Syn-6, Syn-8, Syn-19, Syn-25) as medium sensitive
and one (Syn-30) as sensitive. It was also observed that among the tolerant
genotypes Syn-5 and Syn-4 have comparatively high potassium
accumulations under salinity. Potentially tolerant genotypes at early seedling
stage will be included in our ongoing breeding program to improve salt
tolerance potential of commercially available high yielding wheat varieties.
Keywords: Synthetic wheat, salt tolerance, early seedling stage, K/Na ratio.
INCPS-2024-39 Lead And Chromium Stress Effect

on Growth and Biochemical Attributes of Various
Quinoa Accessions
Kiran Nazir, Abida Aziz
The Women University Multan (Department of Botany)
Email: kirannazeer5@gmail.com
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an important cereal of America and it
is newly introduced in Pakistan and had great nutritional importance.
Halophytes have capacityto extract heavy metals. By using
phytoremediation halophytic plants like quinoa can be used to
decontaminate the metal polluted soil. This study was conducted to
evaluate the phytoremediation potential of quinoa in soil contaminated
chromium [Cr (VI)] and Lead (Pb). Germination rates, growth and yield
over approximately 150 days of experiment were evaluated in order to
measure the quinoa tolerance to the Cr & Pb contamination soil. The
treatments of the study were two quinoa varieties; Ames 13724 and
Ames 13744 were grown in contaminated soil. In the form of chromium
and lead metal elements were applied at different concentration of 0
-1
(control), 150, 300 and 450 mg kg soil. The study was conducted at
the agronomic farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan during the
Rabi season 2020-2021 under natural climatic conditions. Responses
of quinoa plant were examined in terms of number of roots/leaves,
length of shoot/root, shoot weight fresh/dry and chlorophyll content.
The results showed that quinoa could easily germinate in the Cr & Pb
contaminated soil. But gradually, Cr appeared to be more toxic, plant
-1
growth was stunted in high dose treatment 450 mg kg after 50 days of
-1
sowing, in 300 mg kg treatment plants becomes dead at 80 days after
sowing (DAS). Stunted growth and yellowing of leaves were also
observed at higher levels of metals. The metal stress considerably
139
inhibited number of roots, number of leaves, root and shoot length, leaf
area, plant height, chlorophyll content, plant seedling and shoot weight,
grain yield and biological yield of quinoa of both genotype but effects
were more visible in Ames 13724. Overall, Ames 13744 showed better
growth as compared to Ames 13724. So, Ames 13744 was tolerant
variety while Ames 13724 was sensitive variety. Quinoa plants were
able to uptake heavy metals though, poor metal translocation took
place. The outcomes of this research suggest that quinoa Ames 13744
shows better resistance to Cr &Pb stress as compared to quinoa Ames
13724 genotype.
INCPS-2024-179 Determination of Physiological and

Biochemical Response of Maize Inbred Lines for
Resistance Against Mechanical Wounding and
Spodoptera Frugiperda Infestation
1* 1* 1
Fozia Saeed , Hamid Manzoor , Sumaira Rasul , Habib-ur-
2
Rehman Athar
1
University, Multan Pakistan
2
Email: dr.hamid@bzu.edu.pk
Wounding and herbivory are significant threats to plant growth and crop
productivity by damaging photosynthetic tissues. as they impair the integrity
of photosynthetic tissues. This study aimed to evaluate whether growth
reduction due to mechanical injury and/or herbivory by Spodoptera
frugiperda (fall armyworm) is linked to alterations in photosynthesis and
antioxidant potential in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines. For this
purpose, four-week-old maize plants of twelve inbred lines were subjected to
mechanical wounding and insect herbivory. Results showed differential
resistance mechanisms among the lines: v-121 was identified as
susceptible, while v-108 and v-122 demonstrated resistance. Wounding and
herbivory decreased PSII quantum efficiency and increased non-
photochemical quenching (NPQ) with herbivory having the most pronounced
negative effects. However, the reduction in PSI quantum yield was linked to
donor-side limitations Y(ND), with resistant genotypes showing lower Y(ND),
indicating that downstream physiological processes remained unaffected.
Wounding or insect herbivory caused the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS, measured as H2O2) that resulted in membrane damage
(measured as MDA). In response, resistant genotypes v-108 and v-122
exhibited enhanced activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
This study highlights that genotype v-108 and v-122 exhibit resistance to
mechanical wounding and herbivory, attributed to their robust antioxidant
defense and osmoprotectants accumulation, which maintain PSII function.
Keywords: insect herbivory; photosynthetic capacity; antioxidant enzymes
140
INCPS-2024-174 Nano-enabled
Strategies in
Agriculture: Enhancing Plant Growth, Mineral
Nutrition and Stress Resilience
1 2 3
Fahad Shafiq *, Sumera Anwar and Muhammad Ashraf
1
Department of Botany, Government College University Lahore,
2
Pakistan. Department of Botany, Government College Women
University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
3
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of
Lahore, Pakistan.
Email: fahadsheikh1800@gmail.com; fahadsheikh@gcu.edu.pk
The integration of nanotechnology with conventional farming practices has
provided new frontiers for optimizing resource use, reducing agrochemical
dependence, and achieving food security. This presentation focuses on how
different carbon nanomaterials (e.g., fullerenes, nano-biochar) and metal-
based nanomaterials (e.g., Fe and Zn) could improve plant performance
under abiotic stress conditions (particularly drought, salinity and oxidative
stress). Our findings suggest enhancements in nutrient uptake, crop yield
and biofortification in various crops (wheat and rice) and vegetables
(spinach, cauliflower, radish and turnip). In addition, nanomaterials have
shown promising results in mitigating the negative impacts of salinity and
drought by improving plant water relations and photosynthetic activity. This
presentation will address the role of nanotechnology in promoting soil and
plant health, making it a key player in modern agriculture's push toward
environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nano-biochar; Crop biofortification; Sustainable
agriculture;
INCPS-2024-170 Zinc
oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
Ameliorate the Drastic Effects of Cadmium Heavy
Metal by Activating Physiological and Antioxidant
Activities in Chilli Plant
1* 1
Syed Mazhar Irfan , Khizar Hayat Bhatti and Allah Bakhsh
2
Gulshan
1
Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat-
50700, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan-32200, Pakistan
Email: irfanmazhar273@gmail.com
Abiotic factors like drought, salinity, temperature extremes and heavy metals
(HMs) toxicity are major barriers to increase plant productivity and
sustainable agricultural management. Cadmium (Cd) heavy metal has
deleterious effects on plant growth and physiological attributes including
photosynthetic assimilation and water relations of the plants through
oxidation stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Variety of
strategies has been adopted by many researcher to ameliorate toxic effects
141
of Cd heavy metal. Application of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the

encouraging regime elucidating plant responses with enhanced growth and
decreased toxicity of Cd, but most of the trials were conducted at
germination stage of pants. The present trial was arranged to study growth
responses of chilli varieties growing under Cd contaminate soil and foliar
application of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles for six weeks after
establishment of seedling transplantations. Four treatments given to chilli
varieties were T1= Control, T2= ZnO NPs (100 ppm), T3= Cd HM (100 ppm),
T4= ZnO NPs (100 ppm) + Cd HM (100 ppm). Physiological attributes like
rate of transpiration, rate of photosynthesis, water use efficiency, water
relations of the plants, enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of the plants
and uptake and accumulation of Cd heavy metal by fruit of the plants were
assessed and studied. It was found that ZnO NPs have positive increasing
effects on SOD, CAT, POD, and APX activities and increase in proline and
total phenolic content of the plants were in establishment of the view of
activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense
activities and providing tolerance potential to the Cd stressed plants. It may
be established that ZnO NPs mitigate Cd toxicity by activation of antioxidant
activities and adjustment in physiological attributes of the plants and
inhibiting Cd uptake in fruit.
INCPS-2024-188 Modulation
of Photosystem II Activity by
WRKY Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis Thaliana
1,2 1* 3
Sherien Bukhat , Hamid Manzoor , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar ,
1*
Sumaira Rasul
1
2
School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building,
Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
3
Email: dr.sumaira@bzu.edu.pk, dr.hamid@bzu.edu.pk
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play essential role in orchestrating plant

defense responses by balancing defense activation with energy trade-offs.
Photosynthesis is a major energy source and its regulation during (a)biotic
stresses is crucial, particularly within photosystem II (PSII). The
photosynthetic disruptions during environmental stresses are well-
documented, however, the role of WRKY TFs in mediating these changes
remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the function of WRKY62
and WRKY63 TFs in modulating PSII and PSI activities. Four-week-old wild-
type and homozygous wrky mutant plants of Arabidopsis were used to
assess the structural and functional efficiency of PSII. The measurement of
chlorophyll a fluorescence showed a significant decrease in quantum yield of
PSII in wrky mutants, indicating PSII photodamage. OJIP induction curves
revealed slight alterations in fluorescence steps, and double-normalized
OJIP curves highlighted damage to the oxygen-evolving complex in the
mutant plants. Results also revealed a significant reduction in the
142
performance index of wrky mutants compared to wild-type plants,

accompanied by increased energy dissipation, absorption, and trapping
fluxes per reaction centre. Rapid light-response curves further showed
reduced quantum efficiencies and electron transport through PSII and PSI,
alongside increased non-photochemical quenching in wrky mutant plants. In
addition, the differential expression of PSII genes in mutant plants compared
to wild-type plants highlighted the regulatory roles of WRKY TFs in
maintaining PSII functionality. Thus, it can be suggested that WRKY62 and
WRKY63 TFs are the crucial regulators of photosynthetic activity, particularly
PSII efficiency and stability, contributing to plant defense mechanisms.
Keywords: WRKY, Photosystem II, Chlorophyll a fluorescence, Light harvesting

complex
INCPS-2024-176 Ferulic Acid-Induced Modulation in

Photosynthesis, Redox Homeostasis, and Osmolyte
Accumulation in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under
Chromium Stress
1 2
Sunnia Afzal *, Iqbal Hussain
1
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000,
Pakistan
2
Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University,
Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan
Email: sunniaafzal384@gmail.com
Chromium (Cr) is a significant limiting abiotic factor that has a negative

impact on agricultural productivity globally. In Pakistan, it is found in water
and soil, posing a significant problem for both plants and humans. Therefore,
the current investigation assessed the efficacy of ferulic acid application
(0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mM) to decrease chromium (150 µM) phytotoxic effects
in barley plants. Chromium stress reduced growth, chlorophyll content, and
photosynthesis in plants. Additionally, Cr-stressed plants experienced
oxidative damage. Ferulic acid significantly improved growth and pigments
content in plants under chromium stress. It helped mitigate oxidative stress
by promoting redox homeostasis through enhanced detoxification of
radicals. Ferulic acid also enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase
(SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), as well as the accumulation
of osmolytes in barley plants under Cr toxicity. Overall, ferulic acid increased
tolerance in barley varieties under chromium stress. These outcomes
suggest that foliar application of ferulic acid is a promising technique for
mitigating chromium toxicity in barley plants, allowing for their cultivation in
soils with elevated chromium levels. In the future, ferulic acid may be utilized
as an effective technique for stress management in other important crops
facing abiotic stressors.
143
INCPS-2024-224 Aspartic
Acid Nano-Magnetite Mediated
Changes in Growth and Grain Yield of Salt-Stressed
Wheat
1 1
Zunaira Yaqoob , Fahad Shafiq
1
Department of Botany, Government College University Lahore
Email: zunairayaqoob509@gmail.com
Salinity stress is a significant environmental factor limiting wheat (Triticum

aestivum L.) production. This study examined the effects of nano-magnetite
and its aspartic acid conjugate (50 and 100 mg/L) on wheat (subhani-21)
grain production and its physiological and biochemical response under
salinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray
analysis (EDX) were used to characterize the crystallinity and morphology of
iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs). We found that salinity negatively affected
agronomic and biochemical traits of wheat plants including biomass,
photosynthetic pigments and grain yield attributes. Salinity also caused
+
increase in root and shoot Na concentration at toxic levels. By contrast, we
found that aspartic acid nano-magnetite significantly improved biomass
accumulation and grain yield attributes of both control and salt-stressed
wheat plants. Moreover, improvements in chlorophyll contents were also
recorded in response to aspartic acid nano-magnetite conjugate. After a
comprehensive evaluation, the plants treated with AA-NM nanoparticles
exhibited increased production, absorption of nutrients, and chlorophyll
levels, leading to improvements in salt tolerance and grain yield. This study
highlighted the potentials of AA-NM to enhance crop resilience and
productivity under salt stress.
Keywords: Aspartic acid nano-magnetite; Fe-nanoparticles; Nano-magnetite;
Subhani-21
of Root-Zone Applied Nano-Iron
Oxides on Wheat Root Phenotypic Characteristics
under Salt Stress
1 1
Sadaf Mehfooz , Fahad Shafiq
1
Department of Botany, Government College University Lahore
Email:sadafmehfooz999@gmail.com
This study investigated the effects of root-zone application of nano-iron

oxides and salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots using
phenotyping techniques to characterize root system architecture (RSA). The
effects of different doses of nano-hematite and nano-magnetite were
investigated during the first experiment. During the second experiment, the
selected concentrations of nano-hematite and nano-magnetite were applied
to salt-stressed wheat seedlings, and changes in RSA were studied.
Likewise, during the third phase, the effects of root zone-supplied nano-iron
oxides on salt-stressed wheat seedlings were analyzed in a sand culture
144
experiment. Results indicated significant variations in root morphology,

including root length, surface area, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, and
net assimilation rate, in response to the treatments. Root-zone application of
nano-iron oxides showed significant results. Under salt stress the application
of nano-iron oxides resulted in a considerable in root system architecture.
Also, improvements in shoot growth rates were recorded in response to
nano-hematite. Both nano-hematite and nano-magnetite improved allometric
features (RGR and NAR) of wheat seedlings. Above all, the high
concentrations of both nano-hematite and nano-magnetite (200 – 500 ppm)
were toxic for root growth, and only concentrations below 100 ppm were
effective in mitigating salinity.
INCPS-2024-230 Genetic Diversity in Various Elite Rice

Genotypes under Salt Stress
1 2 1
Shabana Memon , Babar Ali Shaikh , Tayyaba Memon , Mehran
1
Ali Chahwan , Sadaf Memon
1
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando
Jam,
2
Directorate Agriculture Research Sindh
sheeba.memon786@gmail.com
Genetic diversity in crop species is a prerequisite for any crop improvement

which helps breeders in selecting desirable genotypes. Rice is a valuable
cereal crop with nutritional benefits having carbohydrates, proteins and
vitamins. Nowadays, global warming have led the lands under salt stress.
Understanding the importance, a research was investigated for assessing
various genotypes under normal and saline fields. Significant results were
obtained for different morphological and physiological parameters under both
salt and normal soils. The assessment of various elite genotypes depicted
-1
that SAL-20 considered performed better for number of tiller plant and
panicle length under normal soils. However, under salt stress greater grains
1 -1
panicle- and grain yield plant were observed in the genotype SAL-2, SAL-
20 and Kharagnjial. Chlorophyll content was found more in SAL-20 and
Kharagnjia, whereas SAL-12, SAL-14, SAL- 20 and Kharaganjia occupied
greater sodium and potassium content in normal field condition. Cluster
analysis separated the rice genotypes into four main groups according to
their genotypic homogeneity. Cluster 1 contains twelve genotypes (Shua-92,
SAL-20, SAL-8, Kharagnjia, SAL-12, SAL-6, SAL-4, SAL-14, SAL-10, SAL-
18, SAL-16, SAL-12) and analytical findings revealed that there is a close
relationship among these elite genotypes. Cluster 2 included only Kharagnjia
and Cluster 3 contained genotypes SAL-8, SAL-14 and SAL-12. Cluster 4
exhibited eight genotypes SAL-16, SAL-10, SAL 6, SAL-8, SAL-4, SAL-20,
Shua-92 and SAL-2. Similarly, the factor loadings observed greater in the
-1
second principal component (PC-II) for plant height, grains panicle , 1000
grain weight, harvest index and leaf area. The cumulative PCA component
values depicted highest variability in PC-XII and PC-XI which showed
100%and 98.3% variability and the least variability was observed in PC-I
with 26.7% among different traits of rice accessions. Hence, the
145
determination of genetic diversity in saline and normal soil could be utilized

in the development of future breeding program.
of Water Stress on Growth and
Carbohydrates Metabolism in Drought Tolerance and
Drought Sensitive Wheat Genotype
1 1 2
Aqsa Jabeen , Neelum Naheed , Ghulam Abbas Narejo
1
PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
2
Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad
Email:jabeenaqsa1234@gmail.com
Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat productivity and

growth at all stages, but it is particularly harmful during flowering and grain-
filling periods. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is main cereal crop, which fed
approximately one-fifth of the world's population by its 676 million tons
annual production worldwide. However today concern is drought stress
which badly affects the wheat plant productively and biochemistry (soluble
sugars). Soluble sugars supply from source and sink is extremely affected
by environmental stresses. A pot experiment was conducted to check the
growth and carbohydrates accumulation in wheat under drought stress
condition. Two maize genotypes, drought tolerance (Ehsan-16) and drought
sensitive (Rohtas 90) were manipulated to different filed capacities viz. well
watered 80% water holding capacities (WHC) and 30% water holding
capacities (WHC) for drought stress after sowing. Plants were harvested
after 4 weeks. Morphological parameters were analyzed upon harvesting.
Shoot and root length, plant fresh and dry weight decreased significantly
under drought stress. Results shown the low mobility of macronutrients (P,
K) in stress as compared to control due to low water availability.
Carbohydrates were determined by the following phenol sulfuric acid method
by using spectrophotometer. Plants with drought sensitive genotype (Rohtas
90) accumulated a standard amount of carbohydrates as compared to
drought tolerance genotype (Ehsan-16). Crop has evolved complex
strategies to cope with drought stress for survival.
INCPS-2024-116 Physio Biochemical Response of Zea

mays Seedlings under Heavy Metal Lead with DTPA
Biochar
1 1
Anam Qureshi , Mussarat Qamar
1
Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Email: anamquershi1992@gmail.com
Heavy metal stress severely impacts maize production by interfering with

plant physiological functions, hindering nutrient and water uptake, resulting
in stunted growth and reduced yields. This study investigates the potential of
DTPA-treated biochar and different maize genotypes to mitigate lead stress
effects. DTPA enriched biochar improves soil properties, promote nutrient
uptake and enhances plant growth due to its ability to chelate heavy metals
146
and foster beneficial microbes. We examined the effect of biochar on five

maize genotypes (RS111, AH9272, AS376, SG2002,RS999) under varying
lead stress conditions.A completely randomized design was used with four
treatments (control, lead stress,DTPA biochar and lead+ DTPA biochar) in
four replications.Results showed that under lead stress, maize plant height
(~45%), shoot length (~68%), root length (~60%) and fresh weight (~78%)
decrease significantly compared to control. The DTPA biochar+ lead
treatment significantly improved these parameters with increase in plant
height (~30%), shoot length (~95%), root length (~75%) and fresh weight
(~120%) compared to lead stress alone. Chlorophyll contents also improved
significantly with DTPA biochar lead treatment, showing increases in
chlorophyll a(~75%), chlorophyll b (~80%) and total chlorophyll (~78%)
compared to lead stress. Soil nutrient availability (P, K, N) and organic
mattercontent were better maintained with DTB application under lead
stress. Among genotypes, RS111 shoewd highest tolerance to lead stress,
while AS376 exhibited the most pronounced responses to both lead stress
and DTB treatment. These findings demonstrate that DTB application is an
effective method for mitigating lead stress in maize plants, with potential for
improving crop resilience in heavy metal contaminated environments.
INCPS-2024-251 Jasmonic
Acid and Salicylic Acid
Improved Resistance Against Spodoptera
frugiperda Infestation in Maize by Modulating Growth
and Regulating Redox Homeostasis
1,2* 2 1,2
Samina Tanwir , Bilqees Kanwal , Jam Nazeer Ahmad
¹Integrated Genomic, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory,
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
²Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan"
Email:samina.tanwir@uaf.edu.pk
Exploring host plant resistance and elevating plant defense mechanisms

through the application of exogenous elicitors stands as a promising strategy
for integrated pest management. The fall armyworm, a pernicious menace to
grain crops in tropical and subtropical regions, stands as a formidable threat
due to its capacity for devastation and a wide-ranging spectrum of host
plants. There is no literature regarding artificially induced resistance in maize
against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) by exogenous application of
phytohormones. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the
role of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on two maize hybrids
namely FH-1046 and YH-1898 against fall armyworm. Results showed that
plant height, biomass and lengths, fresh and dry weight of root shoot which
decreased with armyworm infestation improved with phytohormonal
application. JA treatment resulted in a higher increase in all attributes as
compared to SA treatment. Improvement in relative water contents,
photosynthetic pigments and pronounced levels of phenol and proline
accumulation were observed in infested plants after JA treatment. Infested
147
plants recovered from oxidative stress as JA application activated and

increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase,
peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in both FH-1046 and YH-1898.
The oxidative stress reduction in infested plants after JA treatment was also
evident from a fair decrease in MDA and H2O2 in both varieties. The SA and
JA mediated genes expression found that JA dependent genes, particularly
marker genes PR1 and Lox5 were highly expressed along with TPS10 and
BBT12. Whereas SPI, WRKY28, ICS and PAL were shown to be activated
upon SA application. It was inferred that phytohormones regulated redox
homeostasis to circumvent oxidative damage and mediate essential
metabolic events in maize under stress. To our current understanding, this
study is the very first presentation of induced resistance in maize against S.
frugiperda.
INCPS-2024-284 Crocin
derived from saffron (Crocus
sativus L.) stimulates growth and secondary
metabolism in turnip (Brassica rapa L.) plants
subjected to saline stress
1 2 *1
Abrar Ahmad , Muhammad Ashraf , Nudrat Aisha Akram
1
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000,
Pakistan
2
Lahore, Pakistan
Email:nudrataauaf@yahoo.com
Crocin, known for its antioxidant properties, can mitigate the adverse effects
of salinity stress on plants. Salinity poses a critical threat to agricultural
productivity by reducing plant growth, disrupting physiological and
biochemical processes, and impairing the oxidative defence system. Turnip
(Brassica rapa), a member of the Brassicaceae family, is valued for its
nutritional content and use as fodder. This study aimed to evaluate the
efficacy of crocin as a growth enhancer in two turnip cultivars (Xiazao and
Hybrid) under saline conditions. The experiment was conducted at
Government College University, Faisalabad (GCUF), employing six crocin
concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm) as a priming agent under 60
mM salinity stress, with treatments replicated thrice in a completely
randomized design. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant biomass,
relative membrane permeability (RMP), chlorophyll a and b, shoot and root
lengths, and total chlorophyll content. However, no significant changes were
observed in glycine betaine (GB), chlorophyll a/b ratio, or peroxidase (POD)
activity under salt stress. Conversely, salinity increased malondialdehyde
(MDA), proline, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), RMP, and both non-enzymatic
(ascorbic acid, AsA) and enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, CAT; superoxide
dismutase, SOD). The seed treated with crocin, improved growth
parameters, AsA levels, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activities under
saline conditions. Seed priming with crocin at 10, 20, and 30 ppm was
particularly effective in alleviating salt stress, promoting plant growth, and
148
enhancing the antioxidant defence system. Of the two cultivars, Xiazao

exhibited superior performance under saline conditions. Overall, crocin at
10–30 ppm was found to be optimal for enhancing growth, improving
antioxidant responses, and scavenging free radicals in turnip plants under
salt stress.
149
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Plant Taxonomy and Ethnobotany

INCPS-2024-177 Contribution of Yaylakonak Town Flora
(Adıyaman-Centre)
Ömer KILIÇ
Adıyaman University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman, Türkiye.
E-mail: okilic@adiyaman.edu.tr
Türkiye has a rich biodiversity due to its geographical location, different

habitats, geomorphological structure, ecological differences and being at the
intersection of three phytogeographic regions. Türkiye is one of the country
in the world in terms of plant diversity and richness. According to current
situtiations, more than 13 thousand plant taxa are distributed in Türkiye.
The research area is in the Anatolian-Turan phytogeographic region. The
vegetation of the study area and its surroundings mostly depends on the
topographic structure and ecological characteristics of the region. Although
the continental climate type is generally seen in Adıyaman, the features of
the Mediterranean climate are also encountered in some parts of the
province. As a result of the field studies and observations, there are three
dominant vegetation types in the project area and its surroundings. These
are; degraded forest-bush vegetation, steppe vegetation and aquatic-humid
area vegetation. The research method is briefly as follows; during the
vegetation periods of May 2023 - May 2024, plant samples will be visited
periodically and plant samples will be collected, pressed, dried, identified,
and suitable ones will be turned into herbarium samples. So far, 233 plant
samples were collected from the research area. A total of 185 taxa were
identified, of these taxa, 3 belong to Pteridophyta and 230 Spermatophyta
divisions. Coniferophyta and Magnoliophyta subdivisions contain 5 and 225
taxa, respectively. It was determined that 197 Magnoliopsida and 28
Liliopsida class. With this study, it is aimed to contribute the flora of
Yaylakonak Town (Adıyaman-Center) and to enrich Adıyaman University
Pharmacy Faculty Herbarium.
Key Words: Türkiye, Adıyaman, Flora, Yaylakonak.
INCPS-2024-159 Palynological
Study of the Genus
Saussurea and Allied Genera from Pakistan
andKashmir
Anjum Perveen, Taba Rauf and M.Qaiser
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270,
Pakistan
Email:anjump@uok.edu.pk
Pollen morphology of 27 species distributed in eight genera i.e., Saussurea,

Aucklandia, Himalaiella, Dollomiaea, Lipschitziella, Frolovia, Jurinea and
Shangwua has been investigated using light and scanning electron
150
microscope. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, sub-

prolate to prolate-spheroidal rarely prolate or oblate-spheroidal, generally
tricolporate. Tectum echinate rarely spinulose, tectum in between spines
ranging from finely scabrate-punctate to medium –coarse reticulate rarely -
rugulate..On the basis of exine ornamentation and apertural types 4 distinct
pollen types have been recognized viz., Dolomiaeamegacephala – type,
Himaliellaafghanica – type, Lipschitziella var. pinnatisecta-type,
Saussureabracteata –type. Pollen morphology is significantly helpful at
specific level.
Keywords: Pollen, Sassurea, Tricolporate, Echinate, Pakistan
INCPS-2024-52 Palynomorphic Assessment of

Herbaceous Flora of Tehsil Pakpattan, Punjab
Pakistan
1 1 1*
Kashmala Qayyum , Memoona Ghaffar , Andleeb Anwar Sardar
2
and Anjum Perveen
1
Department of Botany, GC University Lahore
2
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi, Karachi
Email:andleebanwar@gcu.edu.pk
The present study was caried out to assess the palynomorphic

characterization of the herbaceous flora of Pakpattan Tehsil. A total of 60
herbaceous (wild and cultivated) plant species belonging to 26 families and
56 genera were collected. Out of 60 plant species 3 were monocotyledonous
and 57 were dicotyledonous. The pollen characteristics i.e., size, shape,
tectum, aperture, colpi length and width and pori length and width were
studied by using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. On the basis
ofcolpi and pori four distinct types of pollen were identified viz., Type-1 pollen
colpate pollen, Type-II porate pollen, Type-III colporate pollen, and Type-IV
inaperturate pollen. The Type-I colpate pollen were found in 23 species of
dicots and monocots. The maximum colpi length and width were observed in
Plumbago auriculata Lam. (19.22 µm) and convolvulus arvensis L. (14.6 µm)
respectively. The minimum colpi length and width were observed in Lobularia
maritima (L.) Desv. (3 µm) Coriandrum sativum L. (0.94 µm) respectively.
The Type-II porate pollen were found in 12 species of dicots. The maximum
pori length and width were observed in convolvulus arvensis L. The
minimum pori length and width were observed in phlox drummondii.
Plumbago auriculata Lam. showed the maximum exine thickness (7.22 µm)
and Fumaria vaillantii Loisel showed the minimum exine thickness (0.1 µm).
The Type-III colporate pollen were observed in 24 species of dicots. The
Type-IV inaperturate pollen were observed only in Mimosa pudicaL. Pollen
size ranges from large to very large. The most common pollen shape was
oblate and prolate spheroidal. Different types of wall ornamentations were
observed that ranged from echinate, psilate, reticulate to rugulate. Majority
of the observed pollen were monocolpate, tricolpate, triporate, tricolporate,
hexacolpate and pentacolpate with respect to aperture.
151
Keywords: Herbaceous plants, Monocots, Dicots, Qualitative and Quantitative

characters, Exine ornamentation, LM and SEM.
INCPS-2024-48 Cultivation and Morphological

Characterization of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)
Grown in District Muzaffarabad
1 2
Uneeba Roshin , Rehana Kausar
Department of Botany University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Mzd
Corresponding author: Uneeba Roshin, Department of Botany University of
Azad Jammu & Kashmir Mzd, Pakistan.
Email:uneebaroshin1997a@gmail.com
Stevia rebaudiana is a naturally sweet herb belonging to Asteraceae family,

which is recognized as an alternative to table sugar. The present study
encompasses the assessment of various growth parameters including plant
height, branch count, stem girth, leaf dimensions, fresh / dry leaf weights, as
well as shoot fresh / dry weights per plant. Soil pH and fertility for Stevia
cultivation were also analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) is employed to differentiate steviol glycosides and rebaudioside A,
with retention times (RTs) of 3.3 and 4.1 minutes, respectively, from Stevia
leaves. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experimental setup is
used, focusing on the impact of manure on Stevia growth. Block A (soil with
manure) showed better growth rate of morphological characters as
compared to block B (soil without manure). Flavonoids were absent in the
ethanol extract, while glycosides, steroids, and phenol were present in both
distilled water and ethanol extracts. This study highlighted favorable soil and
environmental conditions for the cultivation of S. rebaudiana in Muzaffarabad
and also confirmed the presence of valuable sugar contents.
Keywords: S. rebaudiana, High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),
Flavonoids, Stevia leaves
INCPS-2024-123 Phytodiversity
Conservation and
Ethnomedical Evaluation of Plants of Alpine Peatland
Broghil Valley, Chitral
Lal Badshah, Abdul Murad

Phyto-ecology Lab. Department of Botany University of Peshawar,
Peshawar Pakistan
Email:bmasood@uop.edu.pk
The plant resources of Broghilwereevaluated during 2022-23. The study
aimed to explore the Phyto-diversity and ethnobotanical importance of plant
resources of this remote area. A total of 100 plant species belonging to 60
families were enlisted. Asteraceae was the leading family with 27 species
followed by Anacardiaceae with 18 species. The remaining had fewer
number of species. Growing was of short duration starting from May to mid
of August where herbs contributed the highest number of species.
152
Therophytes and geophytes were dominated with 40.78% followed by

Hemicryptophytes with (15.96%). Phytosociological studies recognized a
total of 3 communities at three different sites at different altitude. The study
also provided detailed information on the ethnobotanical uses of different
plant species, including their frequency citation (FC), relative frequency
citation (RFC), family importance values (FIV), use reports (UR), and use
values (UV). Based on FIV, the most prominent families were Asteraceae
with (73.43) FIV and Moraceae with (83.59) FIV. The highest Relative
Frequency of Citation was found for Malva neglecta (0.28), followed by
Pyrus pashia with (0.27). Similarly, some 10 different species were recorded
as part of conservation. The result shared this a large percentage of the
species are currently classified as Vulnerable (87.74%), and 4 species
critical endangered, showing extreme threat toward extension. All the
collected information about specific plant species, including their population
sizes, area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO), related to
17 families of vascular plants. Each family contains multiple species with
their respective population sizes range from 6 to 18 and EOO, and AOO
ranges from 3.4 to 11.3 values. The vegetation in the area suffered greatly
due to erosion and snow fall. The people are living poor life with very short
season of availability to normal life activities. Yalk is the key stone species in
the area
Keywords: Broghil, ethnomedicinal, conservation, Pakistan
INCPS-2024-06 Cypsela Morphology and its Significance

for the Taxonomic Delimitation of the Genus
Saussurea DC. (S. Str.) and its Allied Genera
Rubina Abid
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan
Email: rubinaku@yahoo.com
Cypsela macro and micromorphological features of 32 taxa belonging to 7

genera namely Saussurea DC. s.str., LipschitziellaKamelin, Himalaiella
Raab-Straube, Dolomiaea DC, Aucklandia Falconer, Frolovia (DC.) Lipsch.
and Shangwua Yu J. Wang of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) were studied
through light and scanning electron microscope to assess the cypsela
features of the studied taxa from Pakistan and Kashmir. The cypsela
morphological data could also help to find out the taxonomic relationship as
there were no specific and detailed reports available of all the taxa reported
from the area under consideration. Various cypsela features like pappus
series, cypsela shape and surface patterns were found to be the most
significant characters for the taxonomic delimitation of Saussurea (s.l.). The
genus Saussureas.str. was delined from its allied genera by having biseriate
pappus. While, in remaining genera pappus were either uniseriate or
multiseriate and among these genera, Dolomiaea was characterized due to
multiseriate pappus. While, remaining genera such as, Lipschitziella,
Himalaiella, Aucklandia, Shangwa and Frolovia had uniseriate pappus.
Furthermore, these genera could be delimited based on cypsela shape and
153
surface patterns. Similar to the generic delimitation, cypsela micro and

macromorphological characters were also found to be useful for specific
delimitation within studied genera. Most of the cypsela morphological
variables when analyzed numerically, also proved the taxonomic affiliation
for most of the taxa of the genus Saussurea and its allied genera. Similarly,
these cypsela features could be well correlated with the gross morphological
and molecular decisions at generic and partially for specific and infraspecific
delimitation of Saussurea (s.l.) from Pakistan and Kashmir.
Keywords: Asteraceae, cypsela, miscroscopy, Saussurea, Pakistan.
INCPS-2024-09 Leaf
Architectural Study within Some
Papilionaceous Herbs of Pakistan and its Taxonomic
Significance
Sana Riaz
Department of Botany,University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan
Email: sanariazku@gmail.com
Papilionaceous herbs from Karachi-Pakistan were analyzed for the leaf

architecture, leaf macro and micromorphological characters. The studied
characters were used as an additional aid to strengthen the taxonomic
delimitation of the Papilionaceous herbs from Karachi, Pakistan. The
investigation was taken on 36 taxa from the studied area. The
Papilionaceous herbs were characterized by the presence of alternate
leaves, apex angle acute, marginal petiole and pulvinate petiole base. On
the other hand, each taxon can be identified on the basis of specific leaf
architecture and micromorphological characters. Compound leaves were the
dominant character within taxa. While, simple leaves were present in only 4
species. Four types of stomata were found i.e., Anisocytic, anomocytic,
actinocytic and paracytic. Among them, anisocytic was the most dominant
type. Majority have their stomata at the level of epidermis while, completely
sunken stomata were observed in 2 species only. Similarly, unicellular
trichome type was dominant within the taxa. Artificial keys were constructed
based on all studied aspects and the data was analyzed numerically by
clustering to find out the relationship among the studied taxa from Karachi,
Pakistan. It was observed that findings of numerical analysis showed a
different pattern of taxonomic relationship in comparison to gross
morphological treatment.
INCPS-2024-186 Morphological and molecular

characterization of Uromyces hedysari-obscuri,
causing rust disease on Hedysarumfalconeriin
Northern Pakistan
*
Muhammada Jabeen ,Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan, Sadia Binyameen
Institute of Botany, University of Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore,
54590, Pakistan
154
E-mail: muhammadajabeen@gmail.com
The present work was done to investigate, characterize and identify a rust
fungus that is infecting Hedysarum plants in different regions of Northern
Pakistan. Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae) is a medicinally important plant that is
also being used as food resource in different areas of Northern Pakistan.
About 12 species of this genus are reported from Pakistan that are also
declared as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) at national level. During fungal
surveys in Northern Pakistan, leaves of Hedysarumfalconeri were found to
be infected by a rust fungus. Molecular and morpho-anatomical techniques
were used to characterize and identify thisrust fungus. Phylogenetic analysis
based on LSU sequences supports its recognition as Uromyces hedysari-
obscuri that is a new report for Pakistan. This is the first molecular evidence
of this species as U. hedysari-obscuri from Pakistan. This study highlights
the utility of molecular markers in uncovering fungal pathogens and
contributes to the growing knowledge of fungal taxonomy in Pakistan.
Further, this research work will help inconservation of
the local valuable edible and medicinal flora, assuring the food security of
the local communities as it provides baseline data that may lead to
development of control strategies to protect this critically endangered plant
(Hedysarumfalconeri).
Keywords –Basidiomycete, Rust fungi, molecular phylogeny, plant pathogen
INCPS-2024-200 Phytochemical Screening of Selected

Cholistani Plants and Their Biological Activities by
In-Vitro Assays
1*
Zara Fatima
1
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
Email: zarashafique7@gmail.com
There is a surge of appeal with taking naturally occurring compounds

extracted from plants to develop treatments that can combat infections.
These plant-based extracts and compounds possess the ability to act as
potent agents against harmful pathogens, thereby opening up new
opportunities for treating diseases. Consequently, there is a growing
preference for natural medicines, which are typically milder, more
economical, and less toxic than their synthetic counterparts. This study
ventures to investigate the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, enzyme
inhibition activity, and phytochemical constituents of methanolic extracts of
ZaleyaPentandra (L.) Jaffery (Azioaceae) and Lasiurus scindicus(Henr.)
(Poaceae), are medicinally used by herbalists from the Cholistan region,
Pakistan for the treatment of bacterial infections, cough, colds, kidney
stones, UTIs, gastrointestinal disorders, and as anti-venom. In vitro
biological assays were used to test antibacterial (Agar disc diffusion),
antioxidant (DPPH), and enzyme inhibition (urease) capabilities. To
determine the important components, qualitative phytochemical analysis was
155
performed. The antibacterial efficacy of organic crude extracts of Z.

pentandra and L. scindicus towards bacterial strains is notable. Generally,
alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols were
present in both plants, although the methanolic extract of both Z. pentandra
and L. scindicus conspicuously lacked the presence of glycosides. Organic
crude extracts of Z. pentandra and L. scindicus were found to be decent in
antioxidant activity (41.86% and 54.28%, respectively) with standard
(Ascorbic Acid) scoring 84.05%, but high in anti-urease activity (96.42% and
98.36%, respectively) in comparison to the standard (Thiourea) used;
95.83%. It is also evident from the study that organic crude extracts of Z.
pentandra and L. scindicus were rich in nutrients, adding value to the
specifically chosen medicinal plants in order to keep them in use in
ethnomedicine.
Keywords: Cholistan, Zaleyapentandra, Lasiurus scindicus, Antibacterial, biological

assays
INCPS-2024-232 Diversity
and Distribution Pattern of
Orchids in western Himalayas, Kashmir Pakistan
Muhammad Ejaz Ul Islam Dar, Karamit Hussain
Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,
Muzaffarabad
Email: ejaz.dar@ajku.edu.pk
Orchids belong to the family Orchidaceae and are one of fragile species
which require unique microhabitat. Orchids are found in almost all types of
ecological zone right from tropics to alpine regions and are prone to threats
due to their ecological as well as economical importance. This study was
designed to check the distribution patters by using the diversity, richness,
importance value index and to highlight the important driving factors
important for conservation of the species .The main aims of this study were
to explore the richness and distribution of orchids and neighboring vascular
flora and to identify the principal driving environmental factors, as no study
has yet targeted these plant species specifically in the study area. Field data
collection surveys were conducted from August 2018 to July 2021 using the
vegetation sampling method. The presence of two individuals belonging to
any orchid species in a 20 m2 land area criterion was used to select the
study sites along the elevation gradient for data collection. Multivariate
statistical tools, such as hierarchical classification and ordination, were used
to analyze the data. A total of 32 orchid species belonging to 18 different
Orchidaceae genera were recorded at the 57 study sites. Only one individual
each of Herminiummonorchis, Habenariafurcifera, and Malaxismuscifera
was collected, depicting these orchids as extremely rare in the study area. A
total of 324 vascular plant species (including orchids and their neighboring
plant species in the studied plots) were classified into seven significantly (p <
0.05) different plant associations, each with a unique species composition.
156
The results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that temperature

variability was the most influential among the 28 environmental factors
considered. Different microhabitats with an elevation range of !15003500 m
a.s.l. in the central part of the study area are moister and richer in organic
matter and support high orchid diversity. It was observed that a higher
density of co-existing tree and shrub species and a higher geographic slope
were supporting the growth and survival of orchid species as well.
Conversely, higher deforestation activities and potassium levels in the soil
were observed as negatively influencing factors. The influence of non-native
plant species on orchid species distribution was not significant, indicating
that the local orchid species were not remarkably affected when growing in
microhabitats with optimal conditions. This study concluded that the central
part of the study area is richer in orchid abundance and diversity and needs
effective conservation and management planning.
INCPS-2024-262 RbcLa
Marker-based Identification and
Phylogenetic Analysis of Kasuri methi (Trigonella
foenum‐graecum L.): A Native Plant of Kasur District
of Punjab (Pakistan)
Bin Yameen, Wasim Abbas, Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan*,

Aisha Tahir, Sohaib Mohammad Muhammad Shoib
Government College University, Lahore Pakistan
Email: dr.umerfarooqawan@gcu.edu.pk
Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.) is one of the potent medicinal plants and is a

well-known spice for its specific aroma. It is native plant of Kasur District of
Punjab Pakistan commonly known as Kasuri methi. Kasur district is a semi-
arid subtropical area, famous for its production worldwide. The exact plant
identification up to the species level is hard for plant taxonomists and
herbalists, due to its resemblance with its close relatives. DNA barcoding is
the most modern approach for plant identification based upon a highly
conserved chloroplast genome. Rbcla marker is considered one of the most
conserved regions used for highly complex and confusing species-level
identification. The current study is the first effort for molecular identification of
Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.) based upon DNA barcoding in South Asia.
Chloroplast DNA was isolated by applying the modified CTAB method.
Specific primers for rbcLa were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
amplification. Purified PCR products were then subjected to DNA sequence
for rbcla DNA barcode. After DNA sequencing, the chromatogram file was
analyzed by using Chromas. Then align sequences by multiple sequence
alignment by using clustal W in Geneious. Afterwards, BLAST the sequence
from the NCBI database and align this query sequence. The rbcLa barcode
showed 99.80% precision for species identification. The cataloging derivative
from the DNA barcode tree was then compared with archaic morphology-
based taxonomy. This will help identification of Kasuri methi from its closely
related species for better business opportunities and safer usage by the
public as spice and medicine.
157
Keywords: Trigonella species · Molecular taxonomy · DNA barcode · Rbcla
158
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations – Plants for Industrial Products, Medicinal
Plants
Plants for Industrial Products/Medicinal
Plants/Pharmacognosy
INCPS-2024-210 Bananapeel as an ecofriendly
biosorbent in dye removal: Methyl orange
1* 2 1 1
Farrukh Bashir , Irum Javed ,Javeria Dotani ,Bibi Amina , Sadia
1 1 1 1
Mir , Mamoona Muhammad , Bibi Fazila , Asma Hafeez
1
Department of Chemistry, SBK, Women’s University, Quetta
2
Department of Chemistry, SBK, Women’s University, Quetta
Email: farrukh_chem@yahoo.com
Banana peel has many important applications such as it can be used to

produce biogas, in synthesis of carbon based nanoparticles from activated
carbon, in the manufacturing of bio plastic and in waste water treatment.
This research project is focused on the application of adsorbent prepared
from banana peel to remove methyl orange dye which is present in
industrially contaminated waste water. The process of adsorption is studied
by using parameters such as determining the effect of adsorbent dose on
adsorption by using different amounts of adsorbent and also the effect of
contact time of adsorbent in dye solution. Adsorbent dosages of 0.5 g, 1 g, 2
g and 3 g were added in the solution of methyl orange. The absorbance of
these solutions was taken after every 60 minutes for 3 hours by using
UV/Visible spectrophotometer at wavelength of 464 nm. The results showed
that absorbance decreases as the dose concentration increases from 0.5 to
1g and finally becomes constant at 3g. Thus banana peel is an effective
biosorbent in waste water treatment.
INCPS-2024-129 Wild Plants as Natural Biostimulants: A

Study on their Impact on Maize Growth
1 1
Qurat Ul Ain Hyder *, Abida Aziz
Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Women University
Multan, Pakistan, 68000
Email: quratulainhyder12@gmail.com
Wild plants contribute to the region's biodiversity, providing habitat and food
for various animals. Many wild plants have medicinal properties, used in
traditional and modern medicine. A research study was conducted to explore
the potential of wild plants in Multan as biostimulants to enhance maize
growth and productivity. The study aimed to 1) Evaluate the potential of wild
plants as biostimulants, 2) Assess the impact of different plant extracts on
maize growth, 3) Identify the most effective plant extracts for biostimulation.
20 wild plants were selected, and their shoot parts were used to prepare
extracts. Five levels of treatments (5ml/100ml to 25ml/100ml) were prepared
from each plant extract. The growth pattern of maize was observed and
recorded. Almost all plants showed some growth potential as
159
Plants
biostimulants.Varied constituents in different plant parts affected maize
growth differently. While the study indicates promising results, further
intensive research is required to confirm the potential of these wild plants as
biostimulants and to identify the most effective ones for enhancing maize
growth and productivity which can help reduce the reliance on fertilizers and
promote sustainable agriculture practices.
Keywords: Biostimulants, wild plants extracts, sustainable agriculture
INCPS-2024-138 Synthesis
and Biological Applications of
Silver Nanoparticles from Leaves of Centella asiatica
L.
1 1* 1
Tayyaba Shahzadi , Andleeb Anwar Sardar , Uzma Hanif ,
2
Anjum Perveen
1
2
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Email: andleebanwar@gcu.edu.pk
In the present study leaves of Centella asiatica were used for the synthesis
of silver Nanoparticles. Four different extracts were obtained from the plant
using different solvents. The biosynthesis of Nanoparticles was optimized by
using 1g and 5g powder of leaves treated with 0.5mMol solution of silver
nitrate. The characterization of synthesized silver Nanoparticles was done by
using UV- visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and SEM. The synthesized
Nanoparticles were also impregnated in soap prepared by cold method. The
green synthesized Nanoparticles and solvent extract were also subjected for
antibacterial activities against a skin pathogenic bacteria strains i.e. Bacillus
subtilis,Klebsiellapneumonia,EscherichiacoliandStaphylococcus aureus by
using agar well diffusion method. UV-visible spectroscopy displayed
maximum peak value of AgNPs and reaction mixture at 280nm. X-ray
Diffraction showed in crystalline nature. FTIR analysis confirms the
presence of biocomopnent in the leaves of Centella asiatica which are
responsible for the Nanoparticles synthesis. The synthesized Nanoparticles
displayed as spherical structure, cubic in shape and size ranging showed
1µm to 500nm of both samples by SEM. The maximum ZOI showed by 1g
AgNPs against by Klebsiella pneumonia at concentration of 500µg/ml was
1.675±0.170 while ZOI showed by Escherichia coli at concentration of
1500µg/ml was 1.5±0.081. The present study reveals the efficacy of Centella
asiatica derived green synthesized AgNPs and its applications an
antibacterial agent in industry like medicines and cleaning agents. The
potential biological uses of silver Nanoparticles are increased by this
environment friendly technique.
160
Plants
INCPS-2024-242 Traditional
Knowledge and Biological
Activities of Indigenous Herbal Teas used in District
Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Ayesha Khursheed, Ansar Mehmood
Email: ayeshakhursheed35@gmail.com
Plant resources have remained an integral part of human society throughout

history. After fulfilling the primary needs like food and shelter, man has
sought for a suitable remedy among plants for curing various diseases. The
wild herbal plants grown naturally in the environment are rich in medicinal
properties and meet human medicinal needs. The objective of the research
was to observe the rich traditional knowledge surrounding wild herbal teas in
District Poonch and explore their fascinating biological activities. The
questionnaire method was used to conduct this study and data were
collected from the local people having traditional knowledge of useful herbal
teas.50 Informants were interviewed. All the ethno botanical parameters
were analyzed through descriptive statistics using following indices:
Frequency citation, Use report for species and fidelity level of species. In this
study, a total of 15 plants were recorded which are used as herbal teas. RFC
suggested 3 top listed plants Berginiacilliata, Swertia alata and Achillea
millefolium. These plants contain high amount of total phenolic and
flavonoides (254.15±1.52 mg GAE/g and 182.8±1.40 mg QE/g respectively).
Furthermore, Antioxidant activity of these herbal teas suggested that
Bergenia cilliata is highly antioxidant against DPPH..This research showed
that traditional treatment using wild herbal teas is still widespread in the
study area. The findings from this study not only enrich our knowledge of
traditional herbal teas but also provided a foundation for further research and
development in this field.
Keywords: Berginiacilliata, Antioxidant , Phenolics, Flavonoids
INCPS-2024-108 Formononetin
from Glycine max (L.)
Merr) Seeds as Promisıng Organo-protective
Intervention in Letrozole-induced Polycystıc Ovarian
Syndrome Sprague Dawley Rats
1* 1 1
Asma Ahmed , Anam Naz , Ghazala Waris
1
Lahore, Pakistan
Email: asma.ahmed@imbb.uol.edu.pk
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an emerging health problem for females

belonging to reproductive age across the globe. Conventional methods of
treatment only provide symptomatic relief with many side effects. So to seek
alternative treatment options, current study was designed to observe and
compare the restorative and protective roles of formononetin (40
mg/Kg.b.w./day) on ovary, uterus, liver and kidneys of PCOS induced (via
161
Plants
letrozole @ 1.0 mg/Kg b.w./day) female Sprague dawley rats (150-200 gm)
by keeping cyproterone acetate (1.0 mg/Kg.b.w./day) as positive control.
Statistically analyzed results (p<0.0001) showed that after treatment of
PCOS induced rats with formononetin, there was remarkable restoration of
FSH, estradiol and progesterone (3.14±0.98 ml U/mL, 5.8±1.2 pg/dL and
45± 0.01 pg/mL respectively) as compared to positive control (2.5±0.01
mlU/mL, 3.05±0.3 pg/dL and 48±5.2 pg/mL respectively) while there was
decrease in the levels of bilirubin and uric acid (0.4±0.01 mg/dL and 2.3±0.7
mg/dL) as compared to positive control (0.9±0.01 mg/dL and 4.7±0.15
mg/dL) respectively. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine were
(67±0.01 IU/L, 255±0.3 IU/L, 315±0.0I IU/L, 41.3±1.5 mg/dL, 1.31±0.25
mg/dL) in experimental group as compared to control (78.3±1.8 IU/L,
134.3±4.5 IU/L, 618±0.0I IU/L, 55±0.01 mg/dL,0.8±0.1 mg/d) respectively.
Histological examination experimental group showed restoration of normal
ovarian stroma from typical pearl string cystic appearance, with normal
hepato-renal tissues. So it is concluded that formononetin may helpful to
cure or mange PCOS but more studies are require to establish hepto-renal
safety.
Keywords:Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Letrozole, Cyproterone acetate,
Formononetin, organo-protective
INCPS-2024-122 In
Silico-based Drug Discovery
Approach for Abietadiene from Pinus roxburghii (L.)
Leaves as Anti- frostbite Agent
1 1 1 1
Asma Ahmed , Afaq Akram , Hasan Akbar Khan , Anam Naz ,
1,3 2
Rehana Badar Noman Khalique
1
Lahore Pakistan
2
Institute of Zoology, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Biological Science, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab,
Pakistan
theafaqshah@gmail.com
Exposure to sub-zero temperatures usually leads to vascular damage

causing severe ischemic injury known as frostbite, one of the prominent cold
weather injuries that can lead to devastating consequences such as
amputation of the extremities. Although rate of amputation due to frostbite
has decreased recently due to thrombolytic therapy but this new regimen
comes with a price as well which include symptoms such as profuse
gastrointestinal bleeding in patients. Thus, there is a need to discover
effective treatments with least side effects and more bioavailability rate. In
current work, aqueous extract of Pinus roxburghii leaves were checked
against dry-ice induced frostbite on plantar surfaces of albino Wistar rats
(both genders, 150-200 g) by keeping heparin as control, followed by the
computational evaluation of its phytocompounds to prioritize potential anti-
162
Plants
inflammatory and anti-thrombotic compounds against frostbite. Statistically
analyzed results of molecular docking showed that among all secondary
metabolites of P. roxburghii, abietadiene was most suitable potential ligand
against antiplasmin and antithrombin III, which modulated anticoagulant
pathway and proved to be a valuable anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic
agent for wound healing. These results suggest the wound healing potential
of abietadiene especially in case of frost bite which further needs to be
validated experimentally.
Keywords: Pinus roxburghii; Abietadiene; Antiplasmin and antithrombin III; Wound
healing
of Fatty Acids from Selected
Plants on Poultry Protein: In Silico and in Vivo
Approaches
1* 2 2
Noman Khaliuque , Asma Ahmed , Afaq Akram , Iffat-Tuz-Zahra
1 1
Noman , Rida-i- Muhammad Noman
1
RANI Omico-Informatics Foods (PVT) Limited, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Lahore, Pakistan
Email: nouman.khalique82@gmail.com
The poultry industry is a significant contributor to global food security,

providing a vital source of protein for millions of people worldwide. However,
the industry faces challenges in maintaining optimal animal health and
productivity, particularly in the face of increasingly prevalent diseases and
antibiotic resistance. One promising area of research is the use of plant-
derived fatty acids as nutritional supplements, which have shown potential
health benefits in various animal species. Despite this, there is a significant
research gap in understanding the effects of plant derived fatty acids on
poultry protein and their potential applications in animal nutrition. This study
has investigated the effects of selected fatty acids on poultry protein by using
different tools of bioinformatics and these results has been validated via in
vivo approach on the growth and quality of meat of day 1 old broilers (both
genders). Among all fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids have improved meat
quality and quantity and with in less time as compared to the control (already
commercial poultry feed). The results of this study have provide valuable
insights into the potential applications of plant-derived fatty acids in poultry
nutrition and may lead to the development of novel nutritional strategies for
improving poultry health and productivity, potentially improving poultry health
and productivity, reducing reliance on antibiotics in animal feed, developing
novel nutritional supplements and feeding strategies, and contributing to
global food security and sustainability.l
163
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations –Remote Sensing in Plants
Remote Sensing in Plants

INCPS-2024-82 Assessing Forest Cover Dynamics in the
State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir: A Spatio-Temporal
Analysis from 1990 io 2020 using Remote Sensing &GIS
1 2 3
Hamayun Shaheen , Bushra Nazir , Malik Talha Riaz
1,2
3
Muzaffarabad Pakistan International Environmental Doctoral School,
University of Silesia Sosnowiec, Poland
Email: hamayun.shaheen@ajku.edu.pk
Forest ecosystems are crucial for the sustainability of the Himalayan region
owing to immense ecosystem services and ecological functioning. It is vital
to monitor the ecosystem health and overall changes in forest cover to
ensure environmental sustainability of any region. Remote Sensing
technology (RST) and Geographical Information System (GIS) are robust
and efficient tools to investigate forest cover change using GIS. Current
study aimed to address the critical need for a comprehensive understanding
of the afforestation and deforestation dynamics in the state of Azad Jammu
and Kashmir (AJK). The research objectives include determining forest
cover, assessing vegetation density using Normalized Vegetation Index
(NDVI), and analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in AJK's forest cover
using ArcGIS 10.8 and ENVI 4.7. In this study, we have used the Landsat
data for the detection of forest cover change from 1990 to 2020, using 1990
as a base year. Each satellite image was classified into three land cover
categories, and post-classification implemented to analyze and interpret
change detections. The GIS analysis has revealed that the Re and
Afforestation/deforestation equation for the state of AJK is highly tilted
towards deforestation as almost 2 times more area has undergone forest
loss over the last 3 decades. The cover of the primary forests of the state
have undergone a -11.4% change for 3 decades as compared to <5%
increase in Re-Afforested area. GIS analysis also revealed a highly
significant increase in the barren land area as well as the built area causing
severe forest loss. Historical data suggests that the earthquake of 2005 had
immensely devastating impacts on the forest cover of Muzaffarabad division
which comprises about 71% of the total state forest. However, the NDVI
analysis indicated a significant increase in the private/rural forest cover
linked with the socioeconomic transformations in the region. This
comprehensive assessment of forest cover dynamics in AJK provides
valuable insights for sustainable natural resource management, supports
conservation initiatives, and lays the groundwork for evidence-based policy
recommendations. The study underscores the importance of balancing
development with habitat conservation to ensure sustainability of AJK's
forests.
Key words: Western Himalayas, Arc GIS, Forest Cover, Kashmir
164
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Oral Presentations –Sustainable Agriculture
INCPS-2024-233 Plant Sciences: Unlocking
Entrepreneurial Opportunities for a Sustainable
Future
Ejaz Hussain
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street,
Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
E-mail:eh800@cam.ac.uk, ejaz@leafycoll.co.uk
The future of sustainable innovation lies in plant sciences, offering

groundbreaking alternatives to petrochemical-free and animal-free products.
As the world faces increasing environmental challenges, such as climate
change and resource depletion, plant-based technologies provide essential
solutions for reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. Plants, as
renewable and scalable systems, can be engineered to produce everything
from alternative proteins to bio-based materials, eliminating the need for
petrochemicals and animal-derived products while minimizing environmental
impact.
This shift is essential to meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and
Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
Furthermore, with global commitments to achieving Net Zero emissions by
2050, plant-based innovations present a critical opportunity for
decarbonizing industries and building sustainable economies. Countries like
the EU, UK, and US are setting ambitious targets to phase out fossil fuels
and support eco-friendly alternatives.
Entrepreneurial ventures in plant sciences, such as developing animal-free

proteins and biodegradable materials, are crucial to achieving these goals.
By leveraging the potential of plants, we can reduce environmental harm,
promote sustainability, and create a more resilient future that meets the
needs of both the present and future generations.
Keywords: bio-based, plant-based, Net zero; alternative
INCPS-2024-151 Poultry
Feathers Decomposed by UV-
Mutated Bacillus subtilis with Better N/C Improved
Fiber Quality and Chromium Stress Tolerance in
Cotton
*1
Saqib Mahmood , Naila Moazzam, Beenish Afzal
Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Email: saqibmahmood@gcuf.edu.pk
165
In literature, some studies mention the possible potential of Bacillus subtilis

(BS) to degrade poultry feathers (PF) and transform it into a biofertilizer. But
it is first detailed multidisciplinary research that reports not only
physiochemical comparisons of BDP produced from wild BS also revealed
its role in cotton growth, fiber quality and chromium stress tolerance. Here
improvement in germination percentage, root fresh weight, leaf number and
number of branches, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total soluble proteins, amino
acids, ball weight, FUI, and fiber elasticity was noted along with decreased
Cvt and mean germination time. Hence proved it a potential candidate for
biofertilizer production in line with the literature and our hypothesis. As
regards UV-mutated BS in comparison with untreated feathers or simple soil
with minor variations it improved almost all above mentioned parameters like
wild BS. In addition, it got superior in terms of germination index,
germination percentage extra lowering of Cvt, a greater increase in shoot
fresh weight, root vigor, shoot vigor, root and shoot dry weight, and
chlorophyll a/b ratio. This BDP was with better antioxidant production in
stressed (chromoium) plants as depicted by lowering MDA and H2O2. Hence
for a cotton grower BDPs produced by both types of BS may be
recommended based on the availability of resources and specialty. However,
for scientific studies or for the biofertilizer producers it would be suggested to
prefer UV-mutated BS for similar or somewhat similar outcomes when
working with other crops or stresses.
Keywords:Bio fertilizer; Bacillus subtilis; poultry feathers; cotton; chromium stress
INCPS-2024-07 Exploring
Strategies to Enhance Wheat
Diversity for Sustainable Agriculture in a Fluctuating
Climate
1* 2 3 4
Rida Batool , Imran Ullah , Fiza Shahzad , Afshan Afzal
1
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad.
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad Pakistan
3
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
4
Department of Botany, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan
Email: syedrida122@gmail.com
Wheat is an important staple cereal crop that provides protein and calories
to the human population. As the population rises, the global demand for
wheat is increasing. Additionally, the wheat crop is susceptible to various
environmental abiotic and biotic stresses, including variability in climate such
as increasing temperatures, frequent droughts, and floods. This variability is
threatening global food security. Each degree of temperature rise reduces
wheat production by 6-13%. In this study, we summarize the successful
gene transfer between the wild relatives and the use of available genetic
diversity to address this challenge. This study includes both traditional and
modern strategies to develop climate-resilient wheat varieties that maintain
good end-use quality, enhance crop productivity, and meet future needs.
166
This includes utilizing landraces, which are rich genetic sources of diversity
in wheat, and applying various approaches to harness this diversity amid
climate change. These approaches include conventional breeding, direct
hybridization, backcrossing, and advanced high-throughput phenotyping.
Additionally, we explore quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, sequencing
technology, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), marker-assisted
backcrossing (MABC), Next Generation Approaches, Genome Selection
(GS), and cogenesis. Hundreds of QTL have been mapped using linkage
analysis and GWAS. Insights gained by fine mapping, sequenced genomes,
and QTL cloning have resulted in the identification of new genes and a huge
number of molecular markers, leading to the development of high-yielding
wheat varieties in a changing climate. These cutting-edge technologies
accelerate the breeding process and improve the efficiency of breeding
programs. The Integration of these strategies to explore new genetic
resources, gene discoveries and understand mechanisms of adaptation to
climate change ensures sustainable agricultural development in the future.
Keywords: Wheat, Genetic diversity, Climate-resilient, Quantitative trait loci (QTL),
Breeding strategies
INCPS-2024-202 Stage
Specific Drought Stress in Canola,
Brassica napus L. Affects Population Dynamics of
Aphids and its Yield
Mubeen Ahmad, Fehmina Atta, M Omer Farooq, Farhan
Mahmood Shah,Muhammad Razaq
Department Of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: muhammadrazaq@bzu.edu.pk
Global rise in temperature exacerbates the threat of water scarcity and

subsequently jeopardizing food security. In addition to the climate change,
extensive use of groundwater in intensively irrigated crops continuously
attenuating the water resources and sustainability of future crop production.
Therefore, understanding the response of crops to deficit irrigation strategies
is crucial. Canola is an important edible oil crop susceptible to stage specific
water stress. Skipping irrigation at crucial stages, might keep crop plants
under physiological stress, changing their metabolic profile that might also
influence plant-herbivore competition on the struggling plant. In the present
study, we assessed effect of water stress on the abundance of most
commonly found aphid, BrevicorynebrassicaeL. on B. napus under field
conditions following a randomized complete block design in 2018-2020. We
also determined the consequences on chlorophyll contents and yield
components of plants under both (stressed and unstressed) conditions.
Water stress was given at any of the three phenological stages viz;
vegetative, flowering and pod development (treatments) by completely
inhibiting irrigation throughout the length of each designated stage and
compared with well-watered (unstressed) crop. In terms of preference, our
findings suggest that aphid avoid stressed canola plants and prefer
167
unstressed plants. The relative chlorophyll contents of stressed plants were

higher, due to low aphid presence. Despite harboring low aphid number,
canola plants stressed at flowering and pod formation stages fail to produce
satisfactory yield, clearly indicating canola sensitivity towards water stress at
these stages. We conclude that water stress has role in generating aphid
preference on canola, irrigation at flowering or pod formation stages is
crucial so farmers are suggested not to avoid irrigation at these stages.
of Wheat Canola
Intercropping on Hexapods Density and
Diversity
Salman Khan, M. Omer Farooq, Farhan Mahmood Shah, Sohaib
Saleem,Muhammad Razaq
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: muhammadrazaq@bzu.edu.pk
The rise of monocultures in recent decades has led to increased pest

outbreaks and a higher reliance on pesticides. This overuse of chemicals
jeopardizes the environment by adversely affecting ecosystem services
including biological control. Therefore, it is essential to develop alternative
ecosystem-based strategies like crop diversification that promotes
biodiversity, which can enhance natural pest suppression. Two experiments,
involving wheat-canola (WC) cropping system with wheat as primary crop
and canola-wheat (CW) cropping systems with canola as primary crop, were
with three replications each having treatment plots including a monocrop,
strip crop and an alternate-row intercrop. In WC systems, intercropping of
wheat and canola significantly reduced densities of wheat aphids including
Sitobionavenae and Schizaphisgraminum, while promoting higher numbers
of coccinellids and aphid mummies on wheat plants. Conversely, in CW
systems, the highest populations of canola aphids including Lipaphiserysimi,
Myzuspersicae, and Brevicorynebrassicae were noted in sole canola crops,
with lower densities on canola plants in alternate row treatments. However,
natural enemy populations were higher in sole canola compared to canola
plants in intercrop, suggesting that the enemy hypothesis may not
universally apply. In conclusion, crop diversification practices like
intercropping can offer farmers a chance to minimize reliance on chemical
pesticides, leading to reduced input costs and fostering sustainable
agricultural practices.
168
INCPS-2024-228 Green-SynthesizedMetal Nanoparticles:

A Boon for Sustainable Bio- and Agro-Applications
1* 2
Ansar Mehmood , Muhammad Abdul Rauf Khan , Khawaja
1
Shafique Ahmad
1
Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
Email: ansarmehmood@upr.edu.pk
The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered significant

attention due to its eco-friendly and sustainable approach to nanoparticle
production. This process utilizes natural sources such as plant extracts,
microorganisms, and biocompatible reducing agents, minimizing the use of
hazardous chemicals. This work explored the applications of silver
nanoparticles as antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal agent to find their
significance in treatment of diseases and prevention of fungal attacks on
plants. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using plant extract as reducing
and capping agents. The physicochemical properties of AgNPs were
determined using different analytical techniques viz., scanning electron
microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.
Silver nanoparticles (average size of less than 100 nm) synthesized using
plant extracts have shown tremendous effects as antioxidants, antibacterial
and antifungal agents. In conclusion, the green synthesis of metal
Nanoparticles holds great promise for various biological and agricultural
applications. The eco-friendly nature of this approach, coupled with the
unique properties of the resulting nanoparticles, positions them as valuable
tools for addressing contemporary challenges in healthcare and agriculture
while minimizing the impact on the environment. Further research and
development in this field will undoubtedly uncover new opportunities and
expand the horizons of green-synthesized metal nanoparticles in these
critical domains.
Keywords: Nanoparticles; Green synthesis; Agriculture.
169
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Agricultural Sciences
Poster Presentations
Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy,
Horticulture
INCPS-2024-158 Anthocyanins
and Carotenoids
Production by Cell Suspension Cultures in Carrot
Cultivars
1* 1 1
Atiqa Aleem , Bilquees Fatima , Muhammad Usman , Fareeha
1 1
Shireen , Qurra-tul-ain
1
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Email: atiqa.aleem90@gmail.com
Carrot is considered as a model crop in tissue culture for better

regeneration. Cell suspension cultures are useful to extract plant derived
secondary metabolites and obtain biologically important molecules to be
used as medicine. This study was aimed at establishing suspension culture
of four carrot varieties viz. T-29, Black Carrot, Deep Red and Red Core.
Seedlings of these varieties were developed in vitro on MS and B5 media.
The hypocotyls of seedlings were cultured for callus induction on MS
-1 -1 -1
medium supplemented with 3 mg L 2,4-D, 1 mg L kinetin and 20 g L
sucrose under light and dark culture conditions. Plant material was multiplied
using nodal cultures. Maximum fresh (2.06 g) and dry weight (0.83 g) of
induced calli was noted in cv. T-29 after 30 days of culture on MS media
under 16/8 hrs photoperiod compared with B5 media. The proliferating calli
were suspended in liquid media and placed on an orbital shaker for the
development of suspension cultures. Chlorophyl a, b and total chlorophyll
contents were maximum in calli induced in cv. T-29 compared to other
cultivars. Cultivar Black Carrot developed maximum anthocyanins in different
volumes (25-75 ml) of suspension media and calli weight (1-3 g). However,
carotenoid contents were greater in both cvs. T-29 and Black Carrot. Overall
micropropagation of cultivars was better on MS medium under light
conditions compared to B5 media. Conclusively cells suspensions of cv. T-29
and Black carrot were found rich in carotenoids and anthocyanin production
on MS media compared with other varieties. Further research may be
focused on refining culture conditions to enhance metabolite yields and
exploring industrial applications for these valuable compounds.
INCPS-2024-166 Modern Landscape Leading to

Sustainable Urban Environment
1* 1 1
Qurra-tul-ain , Atiqa Aleem , Fareeha Shireen
1
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Email: qurratulainaslamshaheen@gmail.com
170
Creation of sustainable environment through modern landscape involves

ecological measures and conservation of native Flora and Fauna to promote
healthy ecosystem along with preserving the aesthetics. Urban ecology is
suffering from severe climate change, which is affecting the economy,
efficient resources utilization and human living standards. The idea of
pleasing aesthetics of surroundings is getting popular and have proven
positive impacts on human mental, emotional and behavioral health. Modern
landscape design harmonizes the sustainability of the environment without
any artificial input like chemical fertilizers and pesticides while serving the
purpose of entertainment. Well-planned and executed landscape design can
reduce the carbon footprint and improve air quality. Advanced techniques
like vertical gardening, green roofs, permeable paving and energy efficient
tools can be used to manage the stormwater, surface runoff, heat island
effect and ground water recharge. These landscape designs encourage the
use of native species, efficient irrigation system and self-sustainability which
provide the food and shelter to fauna. Increased efficient green spaces of a
city can improve the socioeconomic factors of urban life. In order to address
the life threating challenges like extreme weathers, unsustainable urban
environment, food insecurity and degraded living standards, execution of
modern landscape is the only way out.
Keywords: Carbon footprint, Vertical gardening, Heat Island effect, Socioeconomic
factor
INCPS-2024-267 Effect of Tamarixaphylla and

Suaedafruticosa as Biostimulants on Growth of
Wheat
1 1
Abida Aziz , Sabahat Shakeel¹,Farkhanda Jabeen ,Quratulain
Hyder¹
1
Email:abida.6363@wum.edu.pk
Bio stimulatory studies explore the positive and negative impact of plants
extract on wheat crop growth and yield. This study explores the influence of
a bacterial filtrate (BF), a vegetal-derived protein hydro lysate (PH), and a
standard synthetic Auxin (SA) on strawberry, exploring their effects on yield,
fruit quality, mineral composition and metabolomics of leaves and fruits.
Agronomic test revealed that SA and BF considerably enhanced early fruit
yield due to their positive influence on flowering and fruit set, while PH
treatment favored a gradual and prolonged fruit set, supplementary with an
increased shoot biomass and persistent production. The role of bio
stimulants of growth of various natures in the production process of spring
wheat variety Zlata was studied, depending on nitrogen nutrition conditions,
and was carried out under field conditions. The studies found that the
greatest effectiveness of the studied drugs was observed under conditions of
171
optimal provision of nitrogen nutrition to wheat plants. It has been

established that the preparations Epin-Extra, Emistim and Hardy increase
the efficiency of the integration apparatus of spring wheat plants, which led
to the acceptance of large increases in grain weight under conditions of
optimal provision of wheat plants with nitrogen nutrition. The experimental
involved field preparation planting fertilizer application, irrigation treatments,
harvestings, and various growth parameter and measurements. A completely
randomized design with two factors seed priming and foliar treatments was
employed.The results indicate that significant effects of plant extracts and
maxi crop on plant height fresh weight dry weight grain weight and yield in
both seed priming and foliar treatments.
Keywords: Biostimulants, plants extracts, sustainable agriculture,priming
of Aqueous Extracts of Cassia
senna L. and Achyranthes aspera L. on Growth and
Yield of Wheat
1 1
Abida Aziz , Zaira sajjad¹,Zarqa Zubair ,Quratulain hyder¹
1
The present research work to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of

Sana maki (Cassia senna L.) and Puth Kanda (Achyranthes aspera L.) on
the growth and yield of wheat crop. A randomized complete block design
with two factor, seed priming and foliar application. Five concentrations of
aqueous extract of each plants prepared i-e 1%,3%,5%,7 and 9%. Seed
priming show increased root length, shoot length, fresh root and shoot
weight, dry root and shoot weight, increased no. of tillers, no. of grains and
spike length of wheat. The foliar spray of these plants applied on wheat. This
study show that the plants showed increased root length, shoot length, fresh
root and shoot weigh, dry shoot and root weight, number of tillers, number of
grains and spike length of wheat at 3%and 5%. Additionally, the result shows
that the higher concentration negative effect on plant growth.
Keywords: Biostimulants, plants extracts, sustainable agriculture
INCPS-2024-269 Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Cenchrus

ciliaris and Convolvulus prostratus as Biostimulating
agent on Growth of Wheat
1 1
Abida Aziz ,Haseena Bibi¹,Ghazala Saqlain ,Quratulain Hyder¹
1
Wheat (Triticum asetivum) is globally used in the human food and used as
staple food in all over the world. It is used to make flour and baked food.
172
Bio-stimulants are artificial or natural substance. This can be employed on

land, plants and seeds. These substances alter structural processes and
effect the plant development by increasing the tolerance to environmental
stresses and enhance grain yield and quality. Fertilizers and pesticides are
not included in biostimulants. The object of this work was to examine impact
of aqueous extracts of Convolvulus prostratus (hiranbooti) and Cenchrus
ciliaris (daman) on the development and productivity of wheat crop.
Experiment was conducted in field. Five different concentration ( 1% ,3%
,5%, 7% and 9% ) of plants aqueous extract were used . The plants
aqueous extract were applied by two methods . Seed priming methods in
which seeds were soaked in plants aqueous extracts for 24 hours and foliar
method in which plants aqueous extracts were applied as foliar spray. First
foliar application was given to wheat crop after 30 days of sowing and
second foliar application was given to wheat crop after 60 days of sowing.
Four harvest of priming method was taken after 30, 60, 90 and 150 days
interval respectively. Three harvest of foliar method was taken after 60 days,
90 days and 150 days interval respectively. According to results of this
research at low concentration of plants aqueous extract stimulate or
promote the growth of wheat crop but as the concentration of plants
aqueous extract was increased it show the negative effect on the wheat
crop and yield. And plants aqueous extract applied by priming method show
more growth of wheat crop as compared to foliar method. Convolvulus
prostratus aqueous extract shown more growth of wheat crop as compared
to Cenchrus ciliaris aqueous extract.
INCPS-2024-270 Phytotoxicity and Uptake of

Chlortetracycline in Commonly Grown Vegetables
1 1
Abida Aziz , Asma Rukhsar¹,SughraShafiq ,Quratulain Hyder¹
1
Phytotoxicity studies explore the adverse effects of chemical or physical

agents on plant growth and ecosystems. Chlortetracycline, an agricultural
antibiotic, is a notable phytotoxic agent, and its presence in soil, impact on
microbial life, and potential consequences for human health and the
environment are subjects of concern. Phytoremediation, a sustainable
remediation technique, employs plants to uptake and degrade pollutants.
Mustard plants have exhibited promising potential in the phytoremediation of
chlortetracycline, while radish and turnip possess nutritional value.
Antibiotics employed in animal agriculture serve to prevent and treat
diseases, yet their continuous use can facilitate the transmission of drug-
resistant bacteria and pose risks to human health. In plant agriculture, the
use of antibiotics like chlortetracycline can lead to soil and water
contamination, disrupt ecosystems, and contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Furthermore, phytotoxicity, which affects plant growth and essential
biochemical attributes, can occur. Mitigating these risks requires proper
173
antibiotic management and disposal, along with the implementation of best

agricultural practices. The present study investigated the effects of antibiotic
treatment on the growth, germination percentage, seedling emergence rate
and energy, total antioxidants, and antibiotic residues of radish and turnip
plants. The experimental design involved pre-experimental soil analysis,
planting, fertilizer application, irrigation, treatments, harvesting, and various
measurements. A completely randomized design with two factors, antibiotic
treatment and vegetable species, was employed. Soil analysis results
informed fertilizer application, and statistical analysis was conducted using
two-way ANOVA. This study contributes valuable insights into the impact of
antibiotic treatment on radish and turnip plants.The results indicate
significant effects of chlortetracycline on plant height, fresh weight, dry
weight, total antioxidant activity, and antibiotic accumulation in both roots
and Shoot. Additionally, higher levels of radiation exposure exhibited
detrimental effects on plant growth, antioxidant activity, and increased
antibiotic accumulation.
Keywords: Phytotoxicity, antioxidant Chlortetracycline, agricultural antibiotic
of Seed Priming with Aqueous
Extracts of Meliolotus officinalis and
Heliotropiumstrigosum on Germination and Growth
of Maize
1 1
Abida Aziz , Shaher Bano¹,Shaista Shareef ,Quratulain Hyder¹
1
The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of priming
maize (Zea mays) seeds with water-based extracts from two wild plants,
Heliotropiumstrigosum and Melilotus officinalis on the growth and yield
indices of the maize crop.The experiment on maize seeds were subjected to
treatment with plant extracts at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and
9%.Three separate harvests were carried out at intervals of 30 days, 60
days, and 107 days after planting to check growth parameters. The
physiological parameters of maize e.g shoot fresh weight and root dry
weight were measured.The results indicated that different concentrations of
plant extracts used for seed priming had a substantial impact on the growth
and yield characteristics of maize. The initial harvest, occurs 30 days after
planting, the application of a 3% Sinji extract resulted in a 22.08% increase
in shoot fresh weight compared to control group. This increase was larger
than the 21.76% rise found with the application of a 1% Gorakh Pan
extract.The 3% Sinji therapy consistently yielded Concentrations of the
extracts 7% and 9% resulted in a decrease in both the fresh weight of shoots
and the dry weight of roots, thereby inhibiting their growth. The observations
were corroborated using statistical analysis using ANOVA, which produced
highly significant p-values (<0.0001) for the effects of treatment, species,
and their interactions.This approach promotes sustainable farming practices
174
while offering a alternative to artificial fertilizers. Both Plant extract

concentrations of 1% and 3% were shown to be useful in enhancing growth
and yield.
175
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Biochemistry, OMICS
INCPS-2024-137 Computational Modeling and

Comparative Analysis of Polyporusumbellatus (Pers.)
Fries Lectin and its Sugar Complex
1 1 1
Sonia Safdar , Sohaib Mehmood , Ahsan Saeed and Ahmed
1*
Akrem
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab,
Pakistan, 60800
Email ahmedakrem@bzu.edu.pk
Polyporusumbellatusmay contain bioactive compounds with

immunostimulating, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective
properties. Polyporusumbellatus is a species of mushroom belonging to
the family Polyporaceae.Polyporusumbellatus lectin (PuL)is found in the
fruiting body of the Polyporusumbellatus mushroom. Polyporusumbellatus
lectin FASTA sequence was retrieved from UniProtKB with a primary
sequence length of 354 amino acids and 37 kDa molecular weight.
Molecular structure was predicted from SWISS-MODEL by using template
6KBQ showing a sequence identity of 49.85%. PuL predicted model was
validated with an ERRAT quality factor of 86% and good values of
Ramachandran plot with only two residues in the disallowed region. VERIFY
3D results show that 89.88% of residues averaged a 3D-1D score >= 0.1.
The overall structure of the PuL is a V-shaped structure composed of two
pseudo-symmetric domains. Each domain displays a β-jellyroll like fold with
the two β-sheets consisting of 9 and 13 antiparallel strands, respectively.
The two domains are connected by a long loop of 20 amino acids (199–218)
and by a disulfide bridge between Cys90 in strand β-6 and Cys253 in strand
β-13. Superimposition of PuL with its template Pleurotus ostreatus (6KBQ)
showed an RMSD value of 0.063 Å. PuL has a unique carbohydrate-binding
specificity and Rhamnose was docked to predicted PuL structure and it
2+
showed two binding sites with one site in each domain. Divalent cation Ca
was found important for stable binding to sugars. Site 1 comprises 3
residues along binding energy of -4.5 kcal/mol while site 2 showed the
interaction of 3 residues (-2.9 kcal/mol). Site 1 ligand molecule makes 8 H-
bonds and site 2 ligand molecule makes 5 H-bonds. The present study
aimed to develop novel PuL protein as anti-cancer agents through an in-
silico analysis approach.
176
INCPS-2024-156 Bioinformatics-guided
Approach for
Pollen Allergy Therapy of Olea europaea L. Ole e 1
Allergen
Muhammad Aaftab
Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
Email: aftabmanzoor1999@gmail.com
Olive pollen allergy is a striking health concern affecting millions of people

worldwide. The Ole e 1 allergen is a significant contributor to cause this
allergy where current treatments have limitations. This thesis explores a
bioinformatics-guided approach to identify potential therapeutic agents
against Ole e 1.UsingUniProt, the Ole e 1 allergen sequence (UniProt ID:
P19963) was retrieved, and its 3D structure was predicted via SWISS-
MODEL, AlphaFold, Phyre2 and trRosetta. The structure predicted from
AlphaFold was selected as reliable based on ERRAT score (90.5512) and
Ramachandran plot analysis (110 residues in the most favored region.) The
targeted protein was aligned on PyMOL software with other homologs three
dimensional predicted structures as superimposition of Ole e 1 with Lig v 1,
Fra e 1 and Syr v 1 shown RMSD values as 0.382, 0.378 and 0.365,
respectively. A library of 1500 phytochemicals from PubChem was screened
using PyRx software, and 10 compounds exhibited favorable docking scores
(ranging from -7.5 to -8.1) when bound to Ole e 1. Enoxolone emerged as a
top candidate, displaying a high docking score (-8.1) and strong hydrogen
bond interactions. Lipinski rule analysis showed 0 violations, indicating good
drug-like properties.This research demonstrates the potential of a
bioinformatics-guided approach in identifying therapeutic agents against Ole
e 1. Enoxolone and other identified compounds warrant further experimental
validation to confirm their efficacy and safety as potential treatments for olive
pollen allergy.This study contributes to the development of novel therapeutic
strategies for pollen allergy therapy and showcases the power of
bioinformatics in drug discovery. The findings offer a promising direction for
addressing the unmet medical need of olive pollen allergy sufferers.
INCPS-2024-189 In-silicoModeling,Molecular Docking

and In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Napin Seed
Protein from Eruca sativa L.
1 1 2
Sumaira Rubbani , Hina Shaheen , Sohaib Mehmood , Sarah
1 1 1
Tariq , Muhammad Arslan Javed , Ahmad Riaz , Ahmed
2 1*
Akrem ,Binish Khaliq
1
Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan, 56300
2
60800
Email: binish@uo.edu.pk
Eruca sativa seeds contain flavonoids, essential oils and also bioactive
compounds. The present study was focused on napin protein which was
177
isolated and purified from seeds of rocket salad (E. sativa). Seeds of E.
sativa extracted in pH 7 buffer at room temperature and protein profile
resolute by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE). An approximately 15 kDa band of Eruca sativaNapin (EstN),
2S albumin type was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation at
90% saturation level and characterized on 12% SDS-PAGE under non
reduced and reduced form. Physio-chemical properites of EstN were
calculated through ProtPram. EstN was examined under in-silico, molecular
docking and in-vitro analysis for their bioactivity as antimicrobial peptides.
Three potential ligand binding sites of EstN model were predicted through
CASTp. 3D structure EstN was examined to predict anti-bacterial screening
and for that in-silico molecular docking done with two lignads i.e. N-Acetyl-
Beta-D-glucosamine and Beta-glucan which shown that EstN has free
binding energy (ΔG) in the range of -6.9 and -9.7 kcal/mol respectively. For
in-vitro analysis EstN was tested against six bacterial species by using disc
diffusion method. In antibacterial activity inhibition zone observed in five
bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Xanthomonas oryzae, pseudomonas
auroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and one bacterial
(Pseudomonas syringe) species did not exhibit the bacterial killing.Three
bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Xanthomonas oryzae and pseudomonas
auroginosa) exhibited bacterial killing on both concentration (40 and 80µg)
while two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli)
shown inhibition only at 80µg concentration while one specie (Pseudomonas
syringe) did not show bacterial killing on both concentrations (40 and 80µg).
This comprehensive analysis of EstN provides key insights about the
structure, active site, binding affinity and mode of binding of the substrates.
Key words:Napin, Eruca sativa, SDS-PAGE, Anti-bacterial activity, Molecular dockinig
INCPS-2024-222 Crystal Structure of Kunitz-type Trypsin

Inhibitor: EntomotoxicEffect of Native and
Encapsulated Protein Targeting Gut Trypsin of
Triboliumcastaneum Herbst
1 2 3
Sohaib Mehmood , Soren Skou Thirup , Sarah Ahmed , Nabila
4 1 1 3
Bashir , Ahsan Saeed , Maria Rafiq , Qamar Saeed , Muhammad
4 5 6
Najam-ul-Haq , Binish Khaliq , Muhammad Ibrahim , Wadi B.
7 1
Alonazi and Ahmed Akrem *
1
60800
2
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Structural Biology,
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 8000
3
Pakistan, 60800
4
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin
Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, 60800
5
Botany Department, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan, 56300
6
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (Sahiwal
Campus), Sahiwal, Pakistan, 57000
178
7
Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King
Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11421 - P. O. Box 800
Email:ahmedakrem@bzu.edu.pk
Trypsin inhibitors are known to act against insect pests by inhibiting

proteases of the digestive tract. In this study, we report structural and
functional characterization of ~ 19 kDaAlbiziaproceraKunitz-type trypsin
inhibitor (ApKTI) protein with potential bio-insecticidal applications. Crystal
structure of ApKTI protein has been refined to 1.42 Å and molecular
structure (8HNR) showed highly beta sheeted conformation including 12
beta sheets, 15 loops and two small alpha helices. Docking between
predicted model of Triboliumcastaneumtrypsin (TcPT) and 8HNR produced a
stable complex ( 11.3 kcal/mol) which reflects the inhibitory potential of
ApKTI against insect gut trypsin. Significant mortality was observed in all life
stages of T. castaneumincluding egg, larvae, pupae and adults with a 3.0 mg
native ApKTI treatment in comparison to negative control. Although standard
trypsin inhibitor (Glycine max trypsin inhibitors; GmKTI; 3.0 mg) produced
maximum reduction against all above life stages; however, a non-significant
mortality difference was observed in comparison to 3.0 mg native ApKTI.
The study further explores the synthesis and characterization of Graphene
(GNPs) and Zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles, followed by the optimization
of ApKTI and GmKTI loading on both nanoparticles to evaluate their
enhanced insecticidal effectiveness. Encapsulated proteins showed
significant mortality against T. castaneumacross all concentrations, with
GNPs proving more effective than ZnONPs. Additionally, encapsulated
GmKTI produced significant mortality of eggs compared to loaded ApKTI
treatments while other life stages were non-significantly affected by two
proteins. This research highlights the importance of encapsulated ApKTI
protein for eco-friendly pest management strategies.
Key words:Kunitz–type trypsin inhibitor, Crystal structure, Graphene nanoparticles,

INCPS-2024-260 In-silico
Analysis of Morchella
conicaPers. H-type Lectin and GalNAc Complex for
Understanding Cancer Therapy
1 1, 2 1
Sayra Ishaq Bhatti , Uzma Ishaq , Sohaib Mahmood , Shah
3 3 1
Rukh , Tazeen Rao , Ahmed Akrem*
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, 60800.
2
Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan, 60800.
3
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,
Pakistan, 60800.
On a global scale, cancer stands as the second most prevalent cause of

mortality, accounting for approximately one-sixth of all deaths. Morchella
conicaPers. contains several active compounds with immuno-modulatory,
anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory properties. Morchella conicaH-type
lectin (McHL) FASTA sequence; retrieved from UniProtKb, was comprising of
258 amino acids. Molecular structure was predicted from trRosetta via
179
template based homology modelling and it indicated McHL model as a

monomeric protein consisting of three domains. Predicted structure was
validated via ERRAT quality factor of 95.88% and Ramachandran plot
showed more than 95% residues in favored regions. VERIFY 3D confirmed
100% of residues with a 3D-1D score above 0.2, indicating high structural
accuracy and reliability. Superimposition of McHL with its templates 3WMP,
2CCV and 4Q56 showed RMSD values of 1.26, 1.03 and 1.03Å,
respectively. McHL was docked with two distinct GalNAc complexes known
as Forssman and Tn antigens which have been recognized as cancer
epitopes. Docking analysis of McHL indicated that residues Arg167, Glu203,
and Gln205 interact with the FORSSMAN antigen, with each residue forming
a single hydrogen bond, with a binding affinity of -6.1 kcal/mol. In contrast,
the interaction with the Tn antigen involves amino acids Gly94, Ser96,
Tyr145, Ser151, and Leu153, where Ser96 forms two hydrogen bonds and
the remaining residues form one hydrogen bond along binding affinity of -6.0
kcal/mol. Conserved residues for carbohydrate-binding sites in H-type lectins
include aspartate, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, tryptophan, and tyrosine.
In the McHL – Forssman antigen complex, two conserved residues (arginine
and glutamine) and one variable residue (glutamate) are present, whereas in
the McHL – Tn antigen complex, tyrosine is conserved, while the remaining
four amino acids fall into the variable group. Our study provides valuable
insights into the therapeutic potential of Morchella conica H-type lectin by
elucidating its molecular interactions with cancer-associated carbohydrate
epitopes where binding of McHL with GalNAc complexes present on cancer
cells will activate the receptor molecules that triggers downstream signaling
pathway including pro-apoptotic signal induction, mitochondrial membrane
disruption and activation of caspase cascade that ultimately will lead to
programmed cell death.
INCPS-2024-261 Structural
Analysis, Molecular Docking
and Dynamics of an Entomotoxic Lectin from Senna
tora (L.) Roxb. Seeds
1 1 2 2
Tazeen Rao , Shah Rukh , Uzma Ishaq , Ahmed Akrem , Najeeb
1* 1
Ullah , Mohibullah Shah
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, 60800
2
Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University,
Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, 60800
Email: najeebkhattak@bzu.edu.pk
Legume lectins are a group of lectins that are derived from leguminous
plants, which belong to the family Fabaceae. Lectins are carbohydrate-
binding proteins that have the ability to recognize and bind to specific sugar
structures. Senna tora Lectin (StL) is Concanavalin A (Con A) like lectin
family protein and has a strong affinity for α-D-mannose, α-D-glucose and
their derivatives. The objective of the study was to understand molecular
180
basis of structural and functional characterization of legume lectin from

Senna tora (StL) against chitin molecules potentially targeting the gut
epithelium of stored grain insect pest TriboliumcastaneumHerbst. In this
study, initially the sequence analysis was performed for legume lectin to
understand the sequential properties followed by using similarity search,
multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis to identify the closely
related protein sequences of StL. UniProtKB retrieved fasta sequence
(A0A834STY8) of S. tora lectin was consisted of 272 amino acids which was
feed to SWISS-MODEL. 3D StL molecular structure was predicted by using
the coordinate information of Ulex europaeus lectin (1FX5). Predicted model
showed homodimer comprising of a mixture of α-helices and β-sheets along
β-turns, γ-turns and β-hairpin. Predicted 3D-StL, was subsequently used for
interaction studies with three ligands namely N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)
and oligomers of chitin (N,N'-diacetylchitobiose and β-N,N',N''-
triacetylchitotriose) to find out the best interaction site of StL with chitin
molecules. Moreover, the docked complexes were subjected to MD
simulation to understand the structural stability, integrity and compactness.
Together the results of docking and dynamics of the StL were showing
comprehensive analysis on binding affinities of ligands towards binding
pocket of StL and provides key insights about the structure, active site,
binding affinity and mode of binding of the substrates. Lectins interact with
glycans in insects, interfere with insect physiology and affect fecundity,
growth, and development, therefore, possess potential insecticidal
properties.
INCPS-2024-128 Evolution of Liquid Dense Clusters

toward Crystallization Area C, C2.2 Exploring
Emergence in Biological Macromolecules
Condensates
1,2 1 2
Ahsan Saeed , Ahmed Akrem , Bruno Alves Franca , Prince
2
Rajaiah Prabhu ,
2 2*
Hévila Brognaro , Christian Betzel
1
2
Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Structural
Biology of Infection and Inflammation
University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
Phase separation is a process by which molecules can self-associate to

create two compositionally distinct phases from a homogenous solution: a
dense phase containing a high concentration of the molecule; and a light
phase relatively depleted of the molecule. We discuss the phase behaviour
in crystallization of a plant storage protein Napin in solution with
coacervating agents. Crystallization from the condensed regime has been
observed to follow different mechanisms i.e., crystals grow following a
classic nucleation and growth mechanism; the crystallization follows a two-
step crystallization mechanism in which crystal growth follows a metastable
181
liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). This study focusses on the two-step

crystal growth of napin monitored with Xtal controller confirmed cluster
evolution in this regime with time dependent increase in size. After achieving
metastable dense liquid phase, the droplet was transfer to crystallization
plate. Based on our observations, During the crystal growth, the metastable
dense liquid phase seeds the crystal nucleation process. Napin
crystallization the nucleation mechanism starting from clusters and from a
metastable LLPS. These protein clusters behave as the building blocks for
nucleation, while the dense phase acts as a reservoir ensuring constant
protein concentration in the dilute phase during crystal growth.
182
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Microbiology and Plant Microbe-
Interaction
INCPS-2024-79 Microbial
Consortium of Cyanobacteria
and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Enhance the
Yield of Wheat Crop
Madiha Habib, Asma Imran, Sohail Hameed
Soil and Environmental biotechnology division, NIBGE-C
Faisalabad,Pakistan
Email: madihahabib2000@gmail.com
Plant-associated microbes are essential for improving agricultural

productivity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that microorganisms can
benefit plants, either in single or consortium forms. Consortium comprised of
two or more similar or diverse microorganisms that lead to an additive or
synergistic impact on plant. Wheat is a vital staple crop for ensuring food
security while its production is significantly affected by various climatic
factors, urging essential to find solutions to increase productivity under
climate stress. Cyanobacteria exhibit visible impact on crops by providing
nitrogen. As a natural root symbiont, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
supply essential inorganic nutrients to host plants, enhancing growth and
yield in both stressed and unstressed conditions. The current study aims to
examine the effects of single and dual inoculations of AMF and
cyanobacteria on wheat crops. Four cyanobacteria strains, isolated and
purified from paddy field in Faisalabad, were tested with previously available
AMF strain Funeliformismosseae in the Microbial Ecology Lab. Colony and
cell morphology was analyzed by using light microscopy while biochemical
and physiological tests e.g., starch, chlorophyll and carotenoid estimation
were done as standard protocols. In addition, growth promoting abilities of
four cyanobacterial isolates CRPS1, CRFS1, COS, CRW and AMF were
evaluated on wheat crop for various growth parameters in a pot experiment.
Plant growth parameters like shoot length, root length, number of tillers,
plant fresh and dry weight, spike length and yield were determined. All
cyanobacterial and AMF inoculations enhanced the growth of Wheat.
However, the combine effect of all cyanobacteria and AMF specially of
CRPS1 and AMF showed significantly higher plant growth and yield as
compared to the un-inoculated control. The results showed that the
combined application of AMF and Cyanobacteria can be used as
efficient microbial consortium for wheat production.
Keywords: Wheat, Consortium, AMF
183
Interaction
INCPS-2024-187 Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting
Rhizobacteria with Biocontrol Potential against
Rhizoctonia sp.
1 1 1
MomnahBakht-Awer , Seema Aslam , Muhammad Baber ,Tahir
1*
Naqqash
1
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 6800, Pakistan
Email:tahirnaqqash@bzu.edu.pk
Wheat, a staple crop worldwide, faces severe yield losses due to fungal
diseases, particularly Rhizoctonia sp., which is threatening food security in
Pakistan. Chemical fungicides are widely used to combat these diseases;
however, their excessive use has led to environmental degradation and the
emergence of resistant fungal strains. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
(PGPR) offer a promising, eco-friendly alternative for enhancing plant health
and disease resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential
of PGPR strains isolated from the wheat rhizosphere as biocontrol agents
against Rhizoctonia sp. A total of 93 bacterial isolates were obtained from
different wheat rhizosphere soil samples and screened for various PGPR
traits. Of these, 76 produced ammonia, 47 isolates demonstrated chitinase
activity, 44 produced siderophores, 43 exhibited cellulase activity, 20
solubilized phosphate, and 51 demonstrated urease activity. However, only
one isolate produced indole acetic acid, and none of them showed zinc
solubilization ability.In addition to their plant-growth promoting traits, these
isolates were further evaluated for their biocontrol potential against
Rhizoctonia sp. Among these 93 isolates, only 47 exhibited varying degrees
of fungal growth inhibition, with 1W10 being the most effective isolate,
showing the maximum inhibition of Rhizoctonia sp. growth (81.25%). These
findings suggest that the wheat rhizosphere harbors diverse PGPR having
the potential to serve as both plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents.
Further studies are essential to evaluate the efficiency of these isolates in
real-world agricultural conditions, offering an eco-friendly solution to combat
fungal diseases in wheat production.
INCPS-2024-68 Isolation and Activity Assays of Some

Antimicrobial Agents from SyzygiumaromaticumL.
Saira Sameen, Haleema Sadia
Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Freed University of Engineering and
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan
Email: sairasameen@gmail.com
Protein was isolated from Syzygium aromaticum floral buds to analyze the
antimicrobial activities against different types of gram positive and gram
184
Interaction
negative bacteria. Different solvent i.e. acetone, phenol and methanol were
employed in this method to ease the extraction of TSP. The treatment was
followed by the extraction of antimicrobial protein with the help of buffers i.e.
Citrate buffer pH3.0, Acetate buffer pH 5.0, Potassium phosphate buffer pH
7.0, Sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and Carbonate buffer pH10.0 at 4°C.
The Bradford’s assay and SDS- PAGE revealed that the Potassium
phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and Sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8 yielded
maximum quantity of proteins. These isolated TSPs were subjected to
antibacterial activity assays in over-lay method in agar plates against one
Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and three Gram-negative
bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas syringae and Escerichia
coli. It was observed that all protein samples were biologically active against
all bacterial strains and have produced bacterial growth inhibition zones in
the agar plates.
Key Words: Antimicrobial Plants, Antimicrobial Protein, Antimicrobial Peptides,
Methanolic extract
185
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Mycology and Plant Pathology
Mycology, Plant Pathology, Disease

Management
INCPS-2024-157 A Survey-
Based Study of Root Rot
Diseases of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in
Sindh
Ishrat Jahan*, Shahnaz Dawar, M. Javed Zaki

Email: ishratjahanansari878@gmail.com
The identification of soil –borne pathogens play a significant role in
agriculture sector. For this study a Survey was conducted to record disease
incidence of root rot in Guar. The aims of this study is cost-effective and
efficient method for pathogen detection, finding the overall health and
productivity of agricultural field. The study area was based on 52 sites of 13
places from five districts of Sindh. i.e., Mirpurkhas, Hyderabad, Tando
Allahyar, Sanghar and Karachi. Fusarium spp. was the most common
destructive root rot fungi found in all survey areas. The colonization
percentage of Fusarium spp. was recorded between 55 to 100%. Four
different species of Fusarium; namely Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F.
moniliforme, F. semitectumwereisolated from the sampled areas. Another
root infecting fungi Macrophominaphaseolina, was found that ranged
rd
between 0 – 45 %. The 3 tested root rot pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani was
found at its lowest distribution (0 - 30 %) in all governorates on the diseased,
survey area. These results showed that Fusariumspp. is the most prevalent
in the soil of the agricultural field and responsible for the decline of guar
crop. In this study, physicochemical properties of soil i.e. soil organic matter,
+
Ec, cation and an-ion showed significant variation and K deficiency was
recorded in all sampled areas. Geographical distribution did not influence
fungal pathogenicity, as determined by principal component analysis. Our
work highlights the potential soil pathogens identification and paves the way
for future research to expand the dataset with A.I to incorporate a wider
range of pathogenic spp and help in disease management.
Keywords: Root Rot Pathogens, Colonization percentage%, Guar
INCPS-2024-12A Study of Fungal Pathogens in Dhakki

Date Palm Trees in Tounsa Shareef, Pakistan
1 1 1,2 1
Hizbullaha , Fozia Khan Siyal , G.S. Markhand , Wazir Mailto ,
1*
Tahira Jatt
1
Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh,
Pakistan
2
Date Palm Research Institute (DPRI) Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur,
Sindh, Pakistan
Email: tahira@salu.edu.pk
186
Date palm trees, vital for their economic, nutritional, and environmental
contributions, face significant threats from fungal pathogens, leading to
diseases like Bayoud disease, False Smut, and Thielaviopsis disease.
These diseases not only diminish yield and quality but can also lead to the
death of trees. Understanding and managing these pathogens are crucial for
sustaining date palm cultivation. A recent study aimed to identify fungal
pathogens affecting Dhakki Dates trees in Punjab, Pakistan. Samples were
collected from the M2H orchard, where trees exhibited unusual drying
symptoms. The study involved the preparation and analysis of various plant
parts, including stem, leaves, fruit, and root. These parts were meticulously
washed and sliced, subsequently, the sliced samples were inoculated onto
Sabroud dextrose agar (SDA) plates and placed in an incubator set at 30°C
for 5 to 7 days to allow fungal growth. Upon observation of different fungal
colonies, sub-culturing was conducted to obtain pure cultures and
morphological studies. Microscopy examination under a 40x objective lens
was done, using Lactophenol cotton blue techniques was performed to study
fungal structures. Out of 54 samples 12 were positive for fungal isolation,
with a total of 183 fungi identified. Thielaviopsis punctulata emerged as the
predominant pathogen, highlighting its significant impact on date palms in
the region. Other notable isolates included Curvularialunata, Alternaria
species, Aspergillus species, Fusarium oxysporum, and Graphioliaphoenic,
all contributing to disease incidence. Efforts to manage fungal infections
showed potential, with eight out of 27 infected trees recovering after
intervention measures. However, five trees required immediate removal to
prevent further spread. This study underscores the importance of identifying
and managing fungal pathogens in date palm cultivation. Such efforts are
crucial for sustaining economic viability, ensuring food security, and
preserving environmental sustainability. Moreover, insights gained from this
research advance scientific understanding of fungal-plant interactions,
informing future strategies for disease control. Moving forward, continued
research and proactive management practices are essential to mitigate the
impact of fungal diseases on date palm production.
Keywords: Date palm, Pathogen, Bayoud disease, False Smut, Thielaviopsis
of Microfungi from
Different Types of Water Samples Collected from
District Bhimber Azad Kashmir
1* 1 1
Tanveer Hussain , Muhammad Ishtiaq , Humma Farooq ,
2
Faheem Ahmed Khan
1
Department of Botany, Azad Jammu & Kashmir University of Bhimbe,
Bhimber-10040, AJK
2
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar
25000, Pakistan
Email: tanveer.botany@must.edu.pk
The current research was focused on micro-fungal assessment of drinking
water from District Bhimber, Azad Kashmir (Pakistan) during the year 2023.
The samples of water were collected from specific spots from the study area.
187
For fungal culturing, two different culture media were used for fungal spores’
cultivation. One is potato dextrose agar (PDA) and other is nutrients agar
(NA) media. The Baiting Technique and Direct Plate Method (DPM) were
used for microfungal culturing and identification from aquatic samples. A total
of five sources of each drinking water and polluted water of the selected
spots were collected and analyzed. These water sources were tap water,
pond water, stream water, rain water, well water and industrial effluent
polluted water. The findings indicated that 15 different fungal species were
isolated frequently from collected samples and it was estimated that most of
the isolated species were predominantly human pathogenic. The occurrence
of fungal species was identified in tap water samples (TWS) that were
counted 11 species. Similarly, 9 species were isolated from pond water (PW)
and 8 species were identified from stream water sample (SWS). It was
observed that Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Rhizopus
species were the dominant species isolated from drinking water samples. It
was noted that TWS of drinking water contained highest frequency of fungal
species because it was provided best atmosphere and nutrition for growth
and development of the fungal growth. It was also concluded that
Dreschlerahavaiensisshowed maximum CFU value (900 CFU/ml) in TWS.
Keywords: Water Fungi, Azad Kashmir, Paper, Microfungal Isolation, Trichoderma
and Rhizopus
INCPS-2024-111 Responsesof Fungal Stresses and

Climatic Impact on Growth and Yield of Cicer
Arietinum in District Bhimber, Azad Kashmir
1* 1 1
Tanveer Hussain , Muhammad Ishtiaq , Kinza Zulifqar , Rawish
1
Sikander
1
Department of Botany, Azad Jammu & Kashmir University of Bhimber
Bhimber-10040, AJK
The current study was elaborated the responses of microbial stresses and
the influence of the climatic factors on the growth and yield of Cicer
arietinum in District Bhimber, Azad Kashmir. Both abiotic and biotic stresses
reduced the production of chickpea. This research was focused on
pathogen-induced biotic stresses which mainly included fungal diseases
impact on growth and yield of Cicer arietinum. The fungal diseases identified
from collected samples were Ascochyta Blight, Botrytis Gray Mold,
Fusariumwilt and Rhizoctonia root rot. The most dominant fungal species
were recognized as Fusarium salani,Ascochytarabiei, Botrytis cinerea,
Rhizoctonia solaniandFusarium oxysporum. Highest infection rate 57.14 %
was observed against Rhizoctonia salani while minimum infection rate 20.8
% was observed against Ascochyta rabieipathogen. The highest severity
rate was recorded 80 % while the minimum severity rate was recorded as 40
%. The yield of the chickpea crop showed negative correlation with sudden
climatic variation in the selected study. A shorter crop cycle observed due to
shorter phenological stages after sudden higher temperatures. The low
188
productive/nutrient soils have also negatively influenced on farming when

rainfall declines and poor irrigation opportunities. Therefore, it was
concluded that both fungal diseases/biotic stresses and drastic chances in
climatic/abiotic factors showed negative impact on growth and yield of Cicer
arietinum crop in the study area. Hence, the crop of Cicer arietinum reduced
significancy due to fungal stresses and poor climatic factors.
Keywords:Microbial Stresses, Climatic Factors, Fungal Diseases, Biotic Stresses,
Abiotic Factors, Cicer arietinum, District Bhimber, Azad Kashmir
Allelopathic Impact of Selected Weeds

INCPS-2024-112
on Growth and Yield Parameters of Wheat Grown in
District Bhimber, Azad Kashmir
1* 1 1
Tanveer Hussain , Muhammad Ishtiaq , Madiha Kabir , Rawish
1
Sikander
1
Department of Botany, Azad Jammu & Kashmir University of Bhimber,
Bhimber-10040, AJK
Email: Tanveer.botany@must.edu.pk
Four weed species like Chenopodium album, Fumaria indica, Lantana

camara and Anagallis arvensis were used to check their allelopathic effects
against growth rate of Triticum aestivum. All the weed powder treatments
indicated significant effects on fresh and dry root and shoot weight of wheat
plant. Some treatments exhibited inhibitory effects on seed germination and
plant growth, while others showed stimulatory effects. The speed of seed
germination varied among the treatments, with some showing faster or
slower germination rates compared to the control. Result of this study
revealed that higher concentration of weed invitro treatments suppressed the
growth of Triticum aestivum significantly. The allelopathic effects varied
depending on the type and quantity of the weed leaf powder used. These
results suggested that the allelopathic effects of weed extracts indicated
negative impacts on the seed germination and growth of wheat crop. Hence,
many different weed management strategies were recognized in agricultural
practices. Further the research was explored the specific mechanisms
involved in these allelopathic interactions and assessed the long-term effects
on crop productivity.
INCPS-2024-120 Antifungal Activity of Euphorbia

helioscopia, Fumaria indica and Anagallis arvensis
Subsp. Foemina Collected from Sokasan District
Bhimber, Azad Kashmir
Tanveer Hussain*, Rafia Kousar, Muhammad Ishtiaq,Muhammad
Ajaib
Department of Botany, Azad Jammu and Kashmir University of Bhimber -
10040 (AJK), Pakistan
189
The antifungal activity of stem and leaf extracts in different solvents of three
medicinal plants were evaluated against four fungi i.e., Rhizoctonia solani,
Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerellagraminicola, and Gibberellaavenacea.
The agar well diffusion method and disc diffusion method were used to
evaluate the antifungal activity of selected medicinal plants. The Euphorbia
helioscopia showed a maximum zone of inhibition (ZI) 27mm in methanolic
leaf extract, while a maximum ZI of 28mm was also indicated against
Gibberellaavenacea in methanolic stem extract by agar well diffusion method
(AWDM). The Euphorbia helioscopia showed a maximum zone of inhibition
(ZI) of solvent methanol (29mm) for leaf extract and 27mm ZI for stem
extracts against Gibberellaavenaceaby disc diffusion method (DDM). The
Fumaria indica leaf and stem crude methanolic extracts indicated maximum
ZI 26mm against Gibberellaavenaceaby agar well diffusion method (AWDM).
The plant Fumaria indica indicated maximum ZI 30mm for methanolic leaf
extract, while ZI of 29mm for methanolic stem extracts against
Gibberellaavenacea by Disc diffusion method (DDM). The plant Anagallis
arvensis subsp. foemina elaborated a maximum ZI (25mm) against
Mycosphaerellagraminicola for leaf extract in methanol and a maximum zone
of inhibition by solvent ethanol (27mm) against Fusarium oxysporum for
stem extract by agar well diffusion method (AWDM). The plant Anagallis
arvensis subsp. foeminaalso explored maximum ZI 28mm against
Gibberellaavenacea in ethanolic leaf extract, while maximum ZI 26mm
measured against Mycosphearellagraminicolaafter treatment stem extract
prepared in distilled water by disc diffusion method (DDM). These findings
revealed that the disc diffusion method DDM has shown better antifungal
activity as compared to the agar well diffusion method. Although all selected
medicinal plants indicated very significant antifungal activity against 4 fungal
species. Fumaria indica medicinal plant indicated the best antifungal activity
against Gibberellaavenacea fungi. Therefore, we should focus on the
compound isolation from Fumaria indica medicinal plant for future targeted
fungal species.
Keywords: Antifungal activity, Euphorbia helioscopia, Fumaria indica and Anagallis
arvensis, Medicinal plants
INCPS-2024-121 PhytochemicalScreening and Antifungal

Activity of Silene Conoidea Collected from Samahni
Azad Kashmir
Tanveer Hussain*, Sibgha But,Rawish Sikander
Department of Botany, Azad Jammu and Kashmir University of Bhimber -
10040 (AJK), Pakistan
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of distilled water and ethyl
ether extracts from silene conoidea leaves, stem and inflorescence on
190
growth of two pathogens Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum

prepared from these extract inhibited the growth of the test pathogen and the
effect gradually increased with concentration shows the antifungal activity of
S. conoidea in correspondence to control. The control used was
Streptomycin and penicillin. The present antifungal activity were assessed
by following methods i.e. agar well diffusion method and disc diffusion
method. The investigation showed that Silene conoidea have maximum
antifungal potential in distilled water extract with highest zone of inhibition
(25.21mm) against Fusarium oxysporum and with lowest zone of inhibition
(20.01mm) against Aspergillus niger, While ethyl ether extract showed
highest zone of inhibition (29.84mm) against Aspergillus niger and with
lowest zone of inhibition (22.05mm) against Aspergillus niger and the
maximum antifungal potential in distilled water extract with highest zone of
inhibition (25.59mm) against Fusarium oxysporum and with lowest zone of
inhibition (20.10mm) against Fusarium oxysporum, While ethyl ether extract
showed highest zone of inhibition (29.03mm) against Aspergillus niger and
with lowest zone of inhibition (22.60mm) against Fusarium oxysporumby
these methods respectively. The main objective of this study was to conduct
phytochemical screening of selected traditionally used medicinal plant Silene
conoidea. The phytochemical constituents identified were flavonoids,
alkaloids, saponins, and proteins. The crude extracts and distilled water and
ethyl ether fractions of the extracts showed an activity against the tested
strains. The investigation of leaves extract of S. conoidea of solvent ethyl
ether shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloides, and proteins
while saponin is absent. The investigation of leaves extract of S. conoidea of
solvent distilled water shows the presence of saponin, tannins, and proteins
while flavonoids and alkaloids are absent.
INCPS-2024-62 In
Vitro Propagation of Sugarcane
Mitigating Effect of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease
*
Sana Munir , Muhammad Abu Bakar Jaffar, Shafquat Yasmeen,
Saifullah Abro
Sugarcane Biotechnology Group, Plant Breeding and Genetics Division,

Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, Pakistan
Email: ch.sana11@gmail.com
Sugarcane, an economically significant crop used for sugar extraction
particularly in Pakistan. Sugarcane white leaf disease (SWLD) is
emerging as a devastating threat to sugarcane and industry and causes
enormous economic losses. Disease samples were collected from
farmers’ fields, as well as sugar mills and research farms at multi-
locations in province Sindh. Data regarding disease incidence and
severity was assessed. The disease incidence varied from 2 to 15% in
different areas of the province. In vitro culture was also carried out to
develop healthy and disease free seed from SWLD. NIA-2012, SPF-234,
HSF-240 were utilized as ex-plant source for tissue culture. Tissue
culture derived plants were sown in Mirpur Khas and Tando Muhammad
191
Khan. These locations have substantial SWLD incidence because of the

already present vector population in the area and encountered disease
prevalence in past. A very low disease incidence (0.0 to 3.0%) was
observed in tissue culture derived plants at Mirpur Khas and Tando
Muhammad Khan. This observation suggested that the apical
meristematic tissue culture of the thin plant tissues resulted in loss of
phytoplasma–the causative agent of SWLD. Absence of the causative
agent, the progeny population did not carry the disease. Therefore,
results have shown that tissue culture derived plants can successfully
utilize for SWLD disease mitigation.
Keywords: In vitro; Sugarcane white leaf disease; Tissue culture; Mitigation
INCPS-2024-275 Screening of Cucumber Germplasm for

Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Correlation of
Disease with Environmental Factors and its
Management Strategies
1 1
Ishtiaq Haider , Muhammad Nouman Siddique , Luqman
1
Amrao*
1
Email: raoluqman@gmail.com*
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an important vegetable crop which

belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. It is native of Asian continent and grown
in different areas of the world. Cucumber carries minerals such as
copper, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, as well as 14% to 19%
of the vitamins K, B and C. Winter is the growing season for cucumbers.
Many bacterial, viral and fungal diseases affect it. The most prevalent
disease affecting cucumber plants is Cucumber Mosaic Virus which can
reduce crop production by 10% to 20%. Cucumber Mosaic Virus is a
RNA virus and belongs to genus Cucumovirus and family Bromoviridae.
It is spread by several types of aphids. Aphids feed on infected plants for
a few minutes during which time the virus spreads to healthy plants. This
study is conduct to screen the cucumber germplasm against CMV and its
management through chemicals. Among the 11 varieties VRI-3-80A and
VRI-6-76E show moderate symptoms and VRI-7-31F show extremely
sever infection of disease. No variety was completely immune against
the Cucumber Mosaic virus. Among all the treatments Acetamaprid have
highest control against the disease and control treatment has lowest
control after 1st and 2nd treatment. After 1st and 2nd treatment VRI-3-
80A is highly effect by the disease and show sever symptoms. In term of
vector population the control plants have maximum number of vectors
(10.6) and VRI-5-81B has minimum number of vector population (1.3).
Environmental factor is positively co- relate with the disease severity. At
maximum temperature (34℃) the disease severity was 49% and at
minimum temperature (26℃) the disease severity was 41% recorded.
Disease severity was 47% when relative humidity was 18%. In the
192
results of survey the maximum disease severity was noted in Yazman

area and minimum in Bhawalpur area.
Keywords: Cucumber Mosaic virus, Aphids, environmental factor and disease
severity
INCPS-2024-276 Evaluation
of Berseem Germplasm
and Various Chemicals for Management of Stem
and Crown Rot Disease and Its Epidemiology
*1 1
Luqman Amrao , Muhammad Nouman Siddique , Mudassar
1
Hussain
1
Email: raoluqman@gmail.com*
Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is one of the most important winter

fodder crops and is cultivated as winter annuals in the tropical and
subtropical regions of Pakistan. It is grown in irrigated areas on a large
scale throughout the country. It is a high-quality green forage and a
Nitrogen-fixing legume. It is the major growing cattle fodder in Pakistan.
As a winter crop, its play a vital role in providing good quality feed for
animals. As a nitrogen fixer its cover the soil and prevents soil erosion.
Stem and crown rot disease of berseem is a complex disease that
causes severe losses upto 46-60% to the crop. Light brown spots appear
on leaves and petioles and crown or basal parts show brown soft rot and
white mycelium grow on dead leaves and petioles. The disease was
found to be prevailing in the district Faisalabad; thus, the research was
conducted for evaluation of different berseem germplasms and to
observe the effect of different chemicals on disease in relation to
epidemiological factors. Samples were collected from the research area
of department of Plant Pathology UAF Faisalabad. The fungus was
isolated, purified and morphologically identified. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
was found to be present in collected infected samples of stem and crown
rot of berseem. Ten different germplasms were collected and underwent
screening. Anmol germplasm was observed resistant with a disease
incidence of 9.33%. To observe the effect of different chemicals on
disease incidence of stem and crown rot of berseem, different treatments
were prepared for management. Among used treatments, Topsin-m
(Thiophanate methyl) was found most effective against the disease.
Effects of different chemicals were examined statistically by using Tuckey
HSD at a 5% level of significance. Correlation and Regression analysis
were made to find the relation of disease development to environmental
factors. For temperature (Max. and Min.), the relationship was found
positive, while the relationship for wind speed, relative humidity and
rainfall was found to be negative with a disease incidence against stem
and crown rot of berseem.
Keywords: Berseem, germplasms, Stem and crown rot and Sclerotinia

sclerotiorum
193
INCPS-2024-277 Management
of Downy Mildew of
Cucumber in Relation to Epidemiological Factors
*1 1
Luqman Amrao , Uneeza Javaid , Muhammad Nouman
1
Siddique
1
Email: raoluqman@gmail.com
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) which belongs to family Cucurbitaceae, is a
significant vegetable crop that is grown all over the world. Downy mildew
disease of cucumber is caused by Pseudoperonosporacubensis which
reduces yield from 10-40% under favorable environmental conditions. To
identify the source of cucumber downy mildew symptoms, nearly ten
cucumber germplasm samples were taken from the Ayub Agriculture
Research Institute in Faisalabad (AARI) and sown in a greenhouse
before being transferred to the field after three weeks. In order to
manage downy mildew disease, an experiment was carried out using a
randomized complete block design (RCBD). Downy mildew disease on
cucumber was treated with various chemicals, particularly with
Metalaxyn+mancozeb, Propineb and Mendipropamid. The results
suggest that the VRI-5-81B variety responded 38.54% to disease
severity, while the VRI-7-31F variety rose 53.89%. In terms of disease
incidence, VRI-4-BSR had a minimal disease incidence of 20.55%,
whereas VRI2-SK had a disease incidence of 57.84%. VRI-6-76F
demonstrated a minimum of 18.34% of disease severity and diversity.
VRI-09-SA revealed a maximum disease severity of 39.42%. Disease
severity was compared after the first chemical therapy and VRI-7-31F
had the lowest disease severity at 13.47%, while VRI-6-76E had the
highest at 24.72%. After the second treatment, chemicals reduced
symptoms of disease by 28.44%. There was a negative correlation
between cucumber disease incidence and downy mildew. Environmental
factors such as minimum and maximum temperatures, relative humidity,
and rainfall all aided in the spread of the disease. The varieties had a
negative correlation with percentage incidence of downy mildew at
minimum and maximum temperatures. Rainfall had a significant impact
on disease spread since extended leaf wetness was the primary cause of
downy mildew disease, with disease severity at 18mm being 25% and at
20mm being 43%.
Keywords: cucumber, downy mildew, disease severity and environmental factors
INCPS-2024-279 Biochar for Nematode Control in

Vegetable Crops
1 1 2
Maria Fayyaz , Amjad Abbas , Muhammad Sufyan , Muhammad
1*
Amjad Ali
1
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
38040, Pakistan.
194
2
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
38040, Pakistan.
Email: amjad.ali@uaf.edu.pk
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is a fundamental component

of our diet, but it often faces a hidden problem in the soil, root-knot
nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). These tiny worms form galls on
tomato roots leading to reduced yields and fruits with inferior quality.
Usually, people use chemicals called nematicides to get rid of these
worms but these chemicals can harm the environment and even
make people sick. So, there's a need to find a better and more
sustainable solution. Biochar, a charcoal made from natural
byproducts, could be a potential strategy to control nematodes. This
study focuses on the utilization of biochar developed from different
feedstocks (wheat straw, maize stalks, green waste and sugarcane
bagasse) at two different pyrolysis temperatures (300°C and 500°C)
to manage root-knot nematodes in tomato. The extracts of these
biochars were tested for there nematicidal potential at first but no
direct nematicidal activity was found. A pot experiment was launched
using a triplicate completely randomized design to test the efficacy of
various biochars at different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) to
combat root-knot nematodes and growth promotion effects. The
application of biochar resulted in improved tomato plant growth and a
decrease in root-knot nematode development. According to the
results, the most effective biochar treatment was sugarcane bagasse
biochar (SCB) produced at 300℃, followed by SCB500°C for both
enhancing growth and managing nematodes in tomato. However,
further investigation is needed to understand the specific
mechanisms through which biochar application promotes growth and
controls nematodes in tomato. The number of females, galls and egg
masses differed for all treatments. The lowest number of galls, egg
masses and females were found in 3% sugarcane bagasse
pyrolyzed at 300°C treatment and highest results were examined in
the positive control. The results show that using biochar is important
for managing root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in tomato and other
crops.
195
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Photosynthesis and Crop Productivity
Photosynthesis and Crop Productivity

INCPS-2024-201 Assessment of Growth, Yield and Some
Physiological Attributes of Selected F7 Wheat Lines
from a Cross S-24 × Fsd-08
1* 1 1
Hira Anwar Ansari , Aneela Kanwal Shehzadi , Sawera ,
1 1 1
Waresha Javed , Tariq Aziz , Muhammad Umar , Zafar Ullah
1 1
Zafar , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
1
Email: hiraans27@gmail.com
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in the world.
It belongs to the most important and diverse family, Poaceae, in the plant
kingdom. Production of wheat has gradually declined and is disturbing in
developing countries, which are already facing the problem of food storage.
There are many strategies to enhance wheat production, but breeding is one
of the best solutions to enhance wheat production. Breeding strategies prove
successful in producing high yield cultivars of wheat along with better use of
nutrition, more salt and drought tolerant and less susceptible to diseases.
We can improve the existing genes with better high yield and disease-
resistance genes through wheat breeding. To evaluate the different selected
F7 lines of wheat, field experiment was designed in which parent wheat
cultivars (S-24 and Faisal abad-08) and their 12 selected F7 lines were sown
under normal field conditions in the field of Biopark, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan, Pakistan. Water and fertilizers were applied to the plants
periodically whenever needed. Different growth and yield parameters such
as the flag leaf length and width, plant height, number of spikes/plant, the
number of tillers/plant, total seed weight (g/plant), 100 seed weight (g), and
the number of grains produced/spike. The chlorophyll fluorescence-based
technique can detect genetic variation in PSII-related parameters.Significant
correlations were observed between photosynthesis-related traits and yield-
related traits in wheat. The study focuses mainly on growth and yield while
some physiological attributes are also taken at different stages of growth by
using photosynQ. Based on the outcomes, L-1, L-4, L-6, and L-15
demonstrated the most favorable growth and are recommended for further
research. They exhibited superior performance compared to their selected
F7 lines and parent lines in terms of growth and yield characteristics,
including a longer flag leaf length (31.4cm), shorter plant height (106.8cm),
100 seed weight of 5.116g, spike yield of 2.805g, number of grains per spike
(14.51), and physiological parameters such as quantum yield (0.71),
chlorophyll content (52.19), Fo′ (642), Fm′ (3015), and Fv′/Fm′ (0.772).
Keywords:Wheat, growth, yield, physiology, breeding, photosynQ
196
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Phycology, Marine Biology

INCPS-2024-259 Systematic
Study of Prokaryotic Blue-
Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) Based on Dichotomy of
Morphological Characteristics
Rabea Asghar, Ishrat Javeed, Shehrooz Afzal, Seema Mahmood
rabeaasghar08@gmail.com
The broad group of prokaryotic microbes known as cyanobacteria, or blue-

green algae, is essential to many ecosystems. Uncovering their ecological
relevance and prospective applications requires an understanding of their
taxonomic classification and evolutionary links. In this thesis, prokaryotic
blue-green algae are systematically studied, with a focus on the dichotomy
of morphological traits as a basis for classification. The study starts with a
thorough analysis of the state of the art in cyanobacterial taxonomy,
emphasizing the problems with conventional methods and the demand for
new categorization techniques. It is suggested that a novel strategy to
address these issues and offer a greater knowledge of cyanobacterial variety
is the dichotomy of morphological traits. A large number of cyanobacterial
samples from various habitats, including freshwater, marine, and terrestrial
settings, are included in the study. These samples are put through in-depth
morphological evaluations using light, scanning, and transmission
microscopy, among other techniques. For each strain, a wide range of
morphological traits, including cell size, shape, arrangement, pigmentation,
and cellular structures, are recorded. A dichotomous key is created based on
the reported morphological characteristics to help identify and categorized
cyanobacteria. The key is intended to assist taxonomists and researchers in
correctly identifying cyanobacterial species and genera based on their
distinctive physical characteristics. Furthermore, the visually based
classification system is validated and improved using molecular techniques
like DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A thorough foundation for
cyanobacterial taxonomy is created by combining molecular information with
morphological traits, allowing for a more reliable and precise categorization.
The findings of this study aid in the development of a thorough and
trustworthy categorization scheme for prokaryotic blue-green algae.
Researchers may identify cyanobacteria with the help of the dichotomy of
morphological traits, which also provides vital information about their
ecological functions, evolutionary history, and possible biotechnological
uses. In the end, this research improves our knowledge of the diversity of
cyanobacteria and makes it easier to conserve them and use them
sustainably in a variety of applications.
197
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Plant Biotechnology & Genetic
Engineering
INCPS-2024-185 Docking-based
Therapeutic Analysis of
Maize Cysteine Proteinase 1 and LOX-1 Complex
Against Atherosclerosis
1 1 1
Farhana Majeed , Sohaib Mahmood , Sayra Ishaq Bhatti ,
1
Ahmed Akrem*
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, 60800.
Zea mays L. is a cash crop belongs to grass family (Poaceae). The study is
primarily focused on sequence analysis, structure prediction, structure
validation and molecular docking of Cysteine Proteinase 1 of Z. mays. The
primary residual sequence of ZmCP was obtained from UniProtKB online
server with Accession No B5KVP9. Primary sequence showed 89.3%
sequence homology with Sorghum bicolor (Accession No. C5WVP4) and
82.9 % with Setariaviridis (Accession No. A0A4U6T481). Structure of ZmCP
was predicted by online server SWISS-MODEL which used coordinate
information of Ananas comosus Cysteine Proteinase 1 (PDB ID: 6U7D) as a
template which has 42.9 % sequence homology with ZmCP. Predicted
ZmCP consists of 310 amino acids in a polypeptide chain and 34 kDa
molecular weight. There are 6 sheets; 4 β-hairpins and 10 helices. Predicted
structure was validated by ERRAT which showed 88% overall quality factor
for ZmCP. Similarly, Ramachandran plot showed 85% with 227 residues in
the favored regions. The structure alignment of ZmCP with the template
Bromelain of A. comosus was performed by PyMOL software. Root Mean
Square Deviation was calculated to analyze the structural similarity between
aligned structures which indicated highly homologous molecular
conformation of both the proteins with RMSD value of 0.134 Å. ZmCP was
docked with human Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) via ClusPro
and it showed low binding energy (-12.7 kcal/mol) along two salt bridges and
fourteen hydrogen bonds inside the complex. One salt bridge has been
contributed by arg-75 of ZmCP and asp-147 of LOX-1 and second is aided
by arg-85 of ZmCP and asp-189 of LOX-1. The main residues contributing
for hydrogen development in docked complex are met-45, arg-74, arg-75,
glu-78, his-79, thr-83, arg-85, glu-104, asn-139, glu-272, gln-288, arg-292,
asn-294 (ZmCP) and asn-139, ser-141, gln-146, asp-147, trp-148, trp-150,
his-151, gln-193, ala-194, tyr-197, leu-270 (LOX-1). The structure prediction
of ZmCP and its docked complex with LOX-1 is valuable for understanding
of atherosclerosis development at first and further anti-atherosclerosis
therapy by inhibiting the binding of oxidized LDL with LOX-1 receptor that will
reduce the frequency of cardiac arrest.
Keywords: Zea mays; Cysteine Proteinase 1; LOX-1; ClusPro; Atherosclerosis
198
Engineering
INCPS-2024-05 Epidemiological
Analysis of Autism
Spectrum Disorder in the Children of District
Swabi,KP, Pakistan
Muskan Nadeem
Department of Botany, Women University Swabi
Email: muskannadeenwus@gmail.com
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder

characterized by social communication and behavioral impairments. This
study aims to evaluate the prevalence of ASD in district
Swabi.Aquestionnaire based study were conducted in the month of
December 2023 to March 2024.This study aims to evaluate the current
understanding to examine the maternal, parental and environmental factors
that may increase the risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Moreover, it was
estimated that psychological interventions in the children can improve
specific behaviors such as joint attention, language, and social engagement
may affect further development and could reduce symptom severity.
Understanding these factors can inform the early intervention and prevention
strategies to support the families and individuals affected by Autism
Spectrum Disorder.
Keywords: Autism, Prevalence, Factors, Psychological interventions, Prevention
strategies
INCPS-2024-288Spatio-temporal
Expression of Cry2A
Protein in Some Bt-Cotton Varieties and their
Comparative Study for Drought Tolerance
1 1 1 1
Amna Sadiq , Saeed Ullah , Misbah Shoukat , Aqsa Qamar ,
2 1*
Allah Bakhsh , Kausar Hussain Shah
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800-Multan,
Pakistan
2
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab
Lahore, 53700-Lahore, Pakistan
Email: kausar.shah@bzu.edu.pk
The Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a very important fiber and cash crop. Its
production has been severely reduced because of the environmental constraints
including drought stress and insects/pests attack. To control this problem, some sort of
resistant and good fiber quality varieties were raised through conventional and
molecular breeding approaches. Among these, the transgenic Bt cotton varieties,
harboring Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin gene, gained much importance exhibiting
resistance to the boll worms. In this study, five different transgenic cotton varieties. i.e.,
CKC-1, CKC-3, CKC-5, CKC-6 and CKC-7 were compared with a non-Bt variety VH-
144 for potential of water deficit tolerance by investigating the plant biomass, plant
height, number of leaves per plant, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins,
total free amino acids, quantum yield, antioxidants (POD, CAT and APX), number of
flowers per plant and number of bolls per plant,. Furthermore, the selected Bt varieties
were subjected to investigate the spatio-temporal expression of the insecticidal Cry2A
199
Engineering
protein through ELISA. The results indicated that the CKC-3 and CKC-6 varieties were
found to be relatively better in growth management under water deficit condition
whereas the varieties CKC-1 and CKC-5 were screened as poor in drought tolerance.
Furthermore, CKC-3 and CKC-7 showed the highest concentration of Cry2A protein as
compared to other Bt varieties. The leaves of the Bt cotton plants were found to have
the highest level of toxin protein (Cry2A) followed by bolls and flowers. It was
concluded that CKC-3 and CKC-6 could be good choice to grow in water deficit area
for better crop production.
INCPS-2024-289 Identification and Characterization of

Some PGPR Strains Isolated from Some Grasses of
Cholistan Desert
1 1 1 1
Ramiz Raja , Hasrat Iqbal , Rashid Bashir , Sana Zaryab and Kausar
1
Hussain Shah *
1
Institute Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800-Multan, Pakistan.
Email: kausar.shah@bzu.edu.pk
The rhizosphere is the narrow zone of soil in close contact with plant roots.
Along with the root exudates, rhizosphere is important for variety of useful
microbes particularly bacteria. The rhizospheric bacteria may directly or
indirectly help the plants in growth improvement as well as immunity
strengthening. Cholistan desert is spread along the Eastern border of
Pakistan in Bahawalpur division. There are some wild grasses growing in
Cholistan desert which are drought tolerant and open horizons to investigate
drought tolerance mechanism. Considering previous reports of the role of
PGPR in inducing and/ or strengthening drought tolerance, current study
was designed to identify and characterize PGPR in rhizosphere of some wild
grasses of Cholistan desert. The bacteria were cultured from collected
rhizospheric soil samples on agar media in multiple steps to get the purified
bacterial colonies which were subjected to Gram staining, microscopy and
16S-rRNA sequencing for identification. The identified genera included
Bacillus, Enterobacter and Exiguobacterium. Twenty bacterial isolates were
tested for different plant growth promoting attributes including N, S & Zn
solubilization and catalase, siderophores and indole-3 -acetic acid (IAA)
production. The results showed that the bacterial isolates possess multiple
plant growth promoting traits and can be used as a potential candidate to
improve plant production. The isolated strains are being applied to some of
the crop and non-crop plants including Wheat, Barley, Rice, Maize,
Sorghum, Pearl millet, Sunflower, Safflower, Canola, Chickpea, Tomato,
Paprika, Cucurbits, Arabidopsis, Tobacco, Lawn grass and others to
investigate their compatibility and functions for plant growth promotion and
defense strengthening against various biotic and abiotic stresses. On these
grounds, this study will be very helpful in sustainable plant production and
agriculture.
Keywords:Cholistan, PGPR, Phosphate solubilization, Rhizosphere,
200
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Plant Ecology and Environmental
Pollution
Plant Ecology and EnvironmentalPollution
INCPS-2024-15 Phytosociological
Study of Weeds in
(Saccharum officinarum L.) Crop Fields of Union
Council Bagh, District Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
Sana Batool
Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Email: sanakbaloch@gmail.com
Sugarcane is the most important commercial crop of Pakistan as it is

cultivated on large area across the country and also providing raw material
for a number of industries. It is extremely important to study the effects of
unwanted weeds on crops as they compete for resources such as nutrients
available for crops specifically considering sugarcane as they lower crop
yield. Their reproductive rates are comparatively high as compared to other
plants due rapid seed development and also having allelopathic effects.
Current study was done during the months of July and August 2023 to
examine their impact on sugarcane crop (Saccharum officinarum L.). For
sampling purpose, quantitative ecological techniques were used and 60
quadrats of 1m2 were placed randomly in 20 fields of sugarcane. Soil
samples were also collected for analysis such as percentage soil organic
matter, electrical conductivity, pH, soil textural class (percentage sand, silt
and clay), percentage of available phosphorus and potassium etc. Density
and cover of weeds in a quadrat were noted during the field survey. Relative
density, relative cover, relative frequency and Importance Value Index of
weed were calculated. Total 36 weeds were collected and identified from the
fields out of which Dactylocteniumaegyptium was dominating weed with
highest IVI value, followed by Cynodondactylon and Euphorbia serpens. Our
findings will pave a way to build up new environment-friendly weed control
methods to increase the crop yield.
201
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Plant Genetics and Breeding

INCPS-2024-182 Characterization of Wheat Genotypes for
Some Morphological Traits to Improve Yield
1 1* 2 1
Mehwish Riaz , Wajid Nazeer , Safdar Hussain , Zia-Ullah-Zia
1
Department of Plant breeding & Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi
Khan, Pakistan
1
Department of agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
Email: wajidpbg@yahoo.com
Genetic improvement is an ongoing process aimed at sustaining wheat

production in Pakistan. In this context, efforts have made to evaluate
genetically diverse germplasm for various grain yield and its related traits. To
fulfill this objective, fourteen genotypes was utilized, namely Dilkash, Akber-
19, Fareed-06, Ghazi-19, Johar-16, Fakhar-e-Bakhar, Aas-11, Nawab-21,
Subhani, Arooj, Gold-16, Sadiq-21, Meraj-08, and Nishan these genotypes
were evaluated in RCBD.The results revealed that the tallest plant height
was observed in Dilkash (83.70 cm). Conversely, Subhani exhibited the
shortest plant height. The longest peduncle length was observed in Sadiq-21
(18.47 cm). Variety Nishan showed the highest number of spikelet per spike
(22.53), followed by Dilkash (22.07) and Gold-16 (21.80). In terms of spike
length, Fakhar-e-Bakhar exhibited the longest spike (19.87 cm), followed by
Johar-16 (19.73 cm) and Ghazi-19 (16.40 cm), While the shortest spike
length was observed in Fareed-06. Dilkash had the largest leaf sheath area
(64.22 cm²), followed by Akber-19 (60.60 cm²), whereas Fakhar-e-Bakhar
exhibited the smallest leaf sheath area (30.74 cm²). The diverse genotypes
crossed in a manner to achieve heterosis and their hybrids perform well
against adverse challenges of climate change.
Key words: Wheat, Heterosis, Yield, Morphological traits
INCPS-2024-227 Unravelling the Combining Ability of S-

24 and Linxia 06-43 for Agronomic Trait of Spike and
Grain Yield in cv. S-24 and cv. Linxia 06-43
1*
Saba Abdul Ghaffar , Hira Anwar Ansari, Aneela Kanwal
1 1 1
Shehzadi , Zafar Ullah Zafar , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
1
Email: sabaabdulghaffar1709@gmail.com
Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)is the most important cereal crop throughout the
world. It belongs to most important and diverse family of plant kingdom.
Production of wheat has gradually declined and is disturbing in the
developing countries, which are already facing the problem of food shortage.
For increasing wheat production and to meet future demand breeding is the
best method. Through wheat breeding, we can change the existing genome
202
with a better yield productive genome. The study mainly focuses on yield
parameters, although different agronomic and physiological parameters were
also taken at different growth stages. In a field experiment; one local cultivar
S-24 which is rust susceptible to lodging and Chinese variety Linxia06-43
was grown in the field of Biopark, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.
Plants of both cultivars were crossed. Data for photosynthetic pigments and
functional activity of PSII and PSI is measured using RIDE.2.0 protocol at
the photosynQplatform.In addition, ATP synthase activity was also measured
using dark induce relaxation kinetic analysis (DIRK) at the same
phenotyping platform. Morphometric and agronomic attributes of yield were
also measured. The results showed that from 60 crosses made, 45 seeds
were formed. Photosynthetic activity of PSII was higher in S-24 which was
positively associated with Fo′ higher in S-24 while PSII, NO, NPQ,
NPQt, LEF, and light intensity (PAR) photosynthetic pigment are almost
same in both lines qL is higher in S-24. Grain yield in S-24 is greater than
Linxia06-43. Hundred seed weight (g) is almost the same in both cultivars.
Total seed weight in grams is higher in S-24. Plant height in cm, number of
tillers per plant, and number of spikes per plant is higher in S-24.
Keywords: Pakistani and Chinese wheat cultivars, growth, yield, breeding, photosynQ
INCPS-2024-229 Genome-WideAssociation Study

(GWAS) on Novel Leaf Traits (NLTS) in Wheat
1 2 1
Safia Khushi* , Muhammad Ali Sher , Muhammad Awais , Sadia
2 1 1
Hakeem , Shoaib Ur Rehman , Mahmood Alam Khan , Babar
1 1 3
Farid , Sabah Merrium , Humayun Raza
1
Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture
Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
2
Cotton Research Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
3
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The Islamia University
Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Email:safiakhushi705@gmail.com
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop in Asia and is crucial in

nourishing humanity. Regarding food security, wheat is the second most
important food crop in the developing world after rice. The changing climate
and diminishing water sources require the use of scarce natural water
supplies, such as air moisture, for irrigation. Wheat production is threatened
by climate variability and extreme climate events, particularly heat waves
and drought. Several studies have been conducted on the self-irrigating
properties of the wheat plant. This study aimed to find the SNPs associated
with Novel Leaf Traits in wheat. This would help in the selection of self-
irrigating wheat plants by optimizing leaf architecture and surface properties
for precise self-irrigation. Wheat germplasm of 220 genotypes was
characterized for Novel Leaf Traits (NLTs) i.e. leaf angle, leaf rolling, grove
type, and prickle hairs. The analysis of variance depicted significant
203
difference among genotypes for NLTs. GWAS was conducted to find the
SNPs linked with Novel Leaf Traits to mitigate the water shortage problem.
Based on the 37K wheat SNP assay, a genome-wide association study
(GWAS) identified 50 stable and significantly associated signals for above
mentioned traits. The SNPs were found on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 3A, 4B,
5A, 2D and 7A. Most of the SNPs were found on chromosome 2B. This
study establishes the theoretical foundation for future research into the
genetic mechanisms underlying wheat novel leaf traits and the efficient
breeding of varieties with desired plant architecture through Genomic
selection.
204
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Plant Physiology and Stress
Physiology
INCPS-2024-169 Effectiveness
of exogenous proline
through priming in reversing salt damages to growth
of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants as well as
excised leaves
1,2 1 2
Sarah Ambreen *, Habib-ur-Rehman Athar , Ameer Khan ,
1 1
Zafarullah Zafar , Nawishta Saleem
1 2
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, University of
Sargodha, Sargodha
Email: sarahambreen@yahoo.com
Proline modulates the salinity stress along with improving plant growth. An
experiment was set up to observe the response of four wheat varieties: S-
24, Galaxy-13, Pasban-90 and Sehar-06 to proline (15mM) and salinity (150
and 300 mM) in terms of growth and photosynthetic stability. Proline priming
(15 mM) led to an improvement in overall shoot and root growth. Salinity
treatments depicted variable response in growth, where S-24 showed no
impact, P-90 exhibited reduction and G-13 exhibited improvement. Besides
growth, plants were further studied for their PSII stability through OJIP-test.
Performance indexes, PIABS and PItot, were considered as indicators of
cumulative impact of treatments at PSII. Results indicated slight
improvement in PIABS and Fv/Fo (functionality of OEC) in G-13, due to
proline treatment in control group contrary to their proline treated saline
groups. In all other three varieties, there was uniform response of increased
performance indexes (PIABS and PItot) due to proline treatment during
salinity, whereas there was a decline in proline treated than control plants. In
the second part of experiment, proline primed leaves of two wheat varieties;
S-24 and G-13, were excised and tested for their salt (NaCl) susceptibility at
low (150 mM), medium (300) and high salt stress (600 mM). Structural
stability of PSII was again tested through chlorophyll a fluorescence
technique (OJIP-test) after random intervals (4 hrs, 40 hr and 64 hrs).
Results indicated successful regulation of all stresses after 4 hours of leaf
excision. Proline enhanced the activity of OEC (Fv/Fo) in salinity treated
leaves resulting in rapid electron flow in low salinity levels and also the
PIABS. However, both Fv/Fo and PIABS decreased at higher salinity levels.
Stress induced dissociation of LHCII was observed at later stages (40 and
64 hrs). After 64 hours, the leaves were tested for PSII and PSI efficiency
through light curve. Studies revealed that Proline reduced the photochemical
damages at higher salinity. Overall, G-13 was damaged more quickly than S-
24, exhibiting its lower tolerance potential. Moreover, for low salinity (150
mM), proline can provide long term protection to PSII.
Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence, Performance index, proline, OJIP, salinity,
excised leaf
205
Physiology
of Mode of Action of
Photosynthetic Herbicide, Atrazine, on Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) by Chlorophyll a Fluorescence
Analysis and Molecular Docking Study
1 1 1
Waresha Javed *, Zafar Ullah Zafar , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
1
Email: wareshajaved4@gmail.com
Many herbicides applied for weed control inhibit PSII by interrupting the
photosynthetic electron transport chain at the level of the D1 protein, through
competition with the plastoquinone for the QB site. In the present study, a
pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of PSII-inhibiting
herbicide (Atrazine) at six different concentrations (0 µM (control), 0.1, 1, 10,
100, and 1000 µM) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We combined OJIP
chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic measurements with in-silico analysis.
Fluorescence measurements were taken after 24, 48, and 72 hours of
herbicidal application but more significant results were observed after 48
hours. A significant reduction in fluorescence measurements was observed
at 100 and 1000 µM concentrations of atrazine. To investigate the molecular
details of the interaction of atrazine with the D1 and D2 proteins of wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.), we performed an in-silico analysis. For that purpose,
a predicted 3D structure of the D1 protein of wheat was retrieved in PDB
format from a protein data bank (PDB) or UniProtKB. The D2 protein of
wheat was homology modeled by using SWISS-MODEL, homology
modeling, an online server, using the structure of Arabidopsis thaliana as a
template. Ligand (atrazine) was downloaded from PubChem. When the D1
protein of wheat was docked with atrazine, it was found that atrazine bound
with Glu 333 residue at the QB site and when the D2 protein of wheat was
docked with atrazine, it was observed that atrazine bound with Val 260
residue at QA. The binding of atrazine with those residues caused the
blockage of the electron transport chain and inhibited photosynthesis. This
condition was observed when atrazine was applied at 100 and 1000 µM
concentrations. Docking was performed by using PyRx, a multiple ligand
binding software. Docking results were observed in PyMol and BIOVIA
Discovery Studio 2020.
Keywords: Photosynthetic herbicides; atrazine; OJIP, JIP-test; molecular docking
206
Physiology
INCPS-2024-194 Influence
of Exogenous Application of
Omeprazole on Water Status and Photosynthetic
Capacity of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Drought
Stress
1 1 1
Waresha Javed *, Aneela kanwal shahzadi , Hira Anwar Ansari ,
1 1 1 1
Muhammad Umar , Sawera , Tariq Aziz , Zafar ullah Zafar ,
1
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
1
Email:wareshajaved4@gmail.com
Drought stress hampered maize growth, development, and yield,

necessitating novel strategies to increase drought tolerance. Exogenous
application of biostimulants at minimal concentration can enhance a plant’s
abiotic stress tolerance. Recently, omeprazole (PPI) has been reported to
enhance N uptake and assimilation in tomato, basil, and corn. The present
study aimed to assess the influence of exogenously applied OMP (10 µM)
through the rooting medium and as a foliar spray in alleviating adverse
effects of drought stress on plant water status, PSII structural stability and
functionality, and light reactions in maize. In a pot experiment, two week old
maize plants were exogenously treated with OMP (10 µM) through the
rooting medium & foliar spray and subjected to drought stress by withholding
water for further two weeks. Drought stress reduced growth, RWC, water
potential, and osmotic potential. Exogenously applied OMP increased growth
and improved plant water status by increasing the accumulation of proteins
and amino acids. Drought stress reduced photosynthetic pigments and
caused PSII photodamage at the donor and acceptor end of PSII by
reducing QY, Fv/Fm, and PIABS, and increasing Fo, Fj, and Vj. Drought stress
also reduced PSII activity by declining Y(II), ETR-II, and increasing NPQ.
Exogenous application of OMP improved PSII activity by increasing the
photoprotective component of NPQ as indicated by Y(NPQ), NPQt, and
+ +
NPQ. Exogenous application of OMP decreased ECSt, gH , vH through
ATP-synthase. Drought stress caused membrane damage through oxidative
stress (H2O2& MDA), and OMP application reduced the membrane damage
by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT & POD). However, both
modes of application of 10 µM OMP (rooting medium & foliar spray) were
effective. Yet this improvement was greater through the rooting medium
treatment of OMP. It is concluded that OMP application improved the
structural and functional activity of PSII, regulation of cyclic electron
transport, and photo-protective components of NPQ. Molecular docking
between OMP and each of HKT1, PsbA, PsbD, PIP1-1, PIP1-2, TIP1-1,
nrt2.1, nrt2.2, and NAR of maize showed that OMP interacts with these
proteins confirming its role in K uptake, water uptake, NPQ generation,
nitrogen use efficiency.
Key Words: Omeprazole, drought, maize, photosynthesis, molecular docking
207
Physiology
INCPS-2024-141 Omeprazole Alleviated Adverse Impacts
of Drought in Maize (ZeamaysL.): A Nexus of
Dynamics of Water Balance and Photosystem II
Activity
1* 1 1
Misbah Amir , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar , Zaffar ullah Zafar ,
1 2
Zahida Asghar , Chukwuma ogbaga
1
Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University,
Multan 60800, Pakistan
2
Departments of Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, Philomath
University, Kuje 903101, Nigeria
Email: misbahamir95@gmail.com
Drought is able to cause biomass reduction, disturbance in water relations
as well as in photosynthetic apparatus. Though it has been found that
chemical compounds such as omeprazole showed recently good results by
promoting biomass, morphological attributes, relative water content, water
potential and photosynthetic efficiency. However, mechanism behind the
OMP action under drought is unclear. The present study investigates the
Tol Sens
effect of 10µM omeprazole on two varieties (D3366 and D6619 ) of Zea
mays (maize) subjected to drought after screening. Drought decreased
relative water content in both varieties (70% and 62%) while substantially
increased osmotic adjustment along with an increase in NPQ and NPQt.
However, such effects are different in both varieties. Exogenous application
of 10µM OMP increased morphological attributes (shoot /root length, shoot/
root biomass, number of leaves, leaf area), improved water relation related
parameters (RWC and water potential) influenced photosynthetic parameters
(ɸII, ɸNO, LEF, ECSt, vH+, gH+) under normal and drought conditions in
Tol Sens
both varieties (D3366 and D6619 ). This led to increase maize varieties’
growth under drought, such as increase in biomass. These results indicate
Tol Sens
mitigating effect of omeprazole in D3366 and as well as in D6619 by
increasing morphological, water relations and photosynthetic attributes,
reduction in loss of water by boosting water potential of leaf and relative
water content (RWC); improving PSII activity when exposed to drought.
INCPS-2024-140 The Battle for survival: Application of

FTIR Spectroscopy linked with Physiology in Maize
under Drought stress
1* 1 1
Misbah Amir , Muhammad Umar , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar ,
1 2
Zaffar ullah Zafar , Chukwuma Ogbaga
1
2
Email: misbahamir95@gmail.com
Development of drought tolerant hybrids is restricted due to poor knowledge
of mechanism behind drought tolerance. The present study was aimed to
208
Physiology
investigate the effect of drought on antioxidant response, photosynthetic
capacity and mineral nutrient status of maize hybrids. Initially six maize
hybrids (D-3464, D-6619, D-4464, D-2468, D-3377, D-3366) have been
screened at seedling stage. Selected drought tolerant (3366) and drought
sensitive hybrid (6619) (two treatments (0, 1) × 2 hybrids (D-3366 and D-
6619)) were further evaluated using growth, biochemical and physiological
attributes. Drought significantly reduced relative water content, plant
biomass, photosynthesis, and altered accumulation of micro and macro
nutrients/ limited uptake of essential macronutrients (N, P, K). Drought
induced oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA) caused photoinhibition of both donor
and acceptor ends of photosystem II. Significant reduction in QY of PSII in
hybrid D6619 was mainly due to PSII photodamage. Raw OJIP and double
normalised curves of Fo and Fm shows marked changes in fluorescence
occurred at O, J, I and P steps only in D6619. Moreover, JIP test has
showed decrease in PIABS of D6619 as compared to that of D3366 which is
associated with closed reaction centres Mo, energy fluxes of absorption.
ABS/RC, trapping TRo/RC, electron transport ETo/RC and dissipation per
reaction centre as heat DI/RC. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy revealed notable metabolic adjustments, especially in lipids,
plastids, proteins, and carbohydrates, indicating biosynthesis of protective
compounds such proline in response to drought. Pearson correlation
analysis confirmed a strong relationship between drought and the observed
physiological and metabolic changes. The findings highlight the potential of
FTIR spectroscopy as a non-destructive tool for early detection of drought
stress and timely intervention to improve crop resilience and yield. This study
highlights the widespread application of FTIR spectroscopy in agricultural
research to manage drought stress in crops. Biochemical and physiological
attributes suggest greater photodamages to D6619 as compared to that of
D3366 which somehow maintained RWC, Biomass, photosynthetic
pigments, metabolites and mineral ions around the threshold and protected
PSII. The genetic variation revealed among selected maize hybrids could be
used in breeding program and high precision crop management.
Keywords: OJIP. Photosystem II. Water use efficiency, Maize, Drought.
INCPS-2024-193 VarietalScreening of Canola (Brassica

napus L.) and Agronomic and Physiological
Responses under Lead Toxicity
*1 1 2
Khalid Bilal , Nosheen Noor Elahi , Muhammad Imtiaz
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
2
Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division National Institute for
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
Email: kbmaitla@gmail.com
Heavy metals contaminations have not only polluted the agricultural soil but
also has hazardous effects on human and wild life. As the complete
exclusion of lead (Pb) toxicity from soil is difficult, researchers are working
on selecting tolerant varieties that combat against Pb toxicity in the soil.
209
Physiology
Keeping the importance of canola, the present investigation was conducted
to screen out the canola varieties with different Pb tolerant levels from the
available germplasm. A total, 15 varieties (i.e., CON-II and Dunkeld, Super
canola, Super raya, Rainbow, CON-III, AARI canola, Cyclone, AC Excel,
Legend, Punjab canola, Faisalabad canola, Oscar, Shiralae and Sandal
canola) were sown in a hydroponic culture medium at various toxicity levels
of Pb, i.e., tap water (no Pb), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg Pb/L of solution.
The result showed that among the different varieties, CON-II and Dunkeld
showed the best germination characteristics, improved chlorophyll contents,
antioxidant activity and other growth parameters validated their tolerance. So
based on our results CON-II and Dunkeld were observed as tolerant, Super
canola, Super raya and Rainbow were found susceptible while remaining as
moderate canola varieties against Pb toxicity. Choosing the right canola
varieties is important if we want to grow in areas with lead pollution.
Keywords: Heavy metals, Canola, Growth attributes, Antioxidant activity, Chlorophyll
contents.
INCPS-2024-152 Improve
Tolerance in Barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.) via Application of Green Synthesized
Silicon Nanoparticles under Water Deficit Condition
Sibgha Noreen*, Ayesha Hayat Lodhi and Seema Mahmood,
Zahra Ijaz, Zahra Falak, Hunza Fatima, Haiqa, Irum Batool
Email: sibgha_noreen@yahoo.com
Among all the abiotic stress, drought stress is the one which drastically
effects plant growth development. To cope with this stress, different kinds of
nanoparticles i.e. Silicon nanoparticles (Si Nps) are used that enhance the
plant capability to withstand in this stress. The soil filled pot experiment was
consist of two (a) Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties i-e Barley-17 and
sultan-17 (b) foliar application of Si NPs @ 0, 50,100, 200ppm at vegetative
stage. Drought stress affects decreases in root and shoot biomass, relative
water content, chlorophyll content. Enzymatic antioxidant such as CAT, POD,
APX increases up to some extent. Chlorophyll content such as chlorophyll a,
Chlorophyllb, carotenoids and total chlorophyll decreases under drought
stress. Spad and quantum yield also decreases under water deficit
condition. Proline and amino acids increase under drought stress. Ion
analysis results in increases in Na+ ion under drought stress. Yield
parameters such as number of tillers, number and length of spike, number
and length of spikelet, total seed weight, hundred seeds weight and
thousand seed weight decrease under water deficit condition. Treatment of
silicon nanoparticles causes increases in all biochemical, physiological,
morphological parameter. All regimes of Foliar application of improve
biomass production, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigments, K content
and as well as decrease MDA content, Na content. Moreover, (Si NPs) @
100ppm promote growth of both varieties significantly.
210
Physiology
Keywords: Si NPs, water deficit condition, green pigments, Proline, MDA,
Antioxidants
of Foliar Application of
Nanoparticles on cabbage Grown in Activated
Biochar Amended Soil under Drought Stress
1 1
Kinza Ramzan , Summera Jahan
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore
Email: summera.botany@pu.edu.pk
The most devastating abiotic stress that has a significant impact on plant
growth and output is drought stress. The current study investigated the
effects of supplementing biochar and nanoparticles on the physiological,
biochemical, and yield characteristics of cabbage grown in two different
moisture regimes (100% FC, 70% FC and 70% FC with GNPs) combined
with drought stress at vegetative and reproductive stages. The experiment
was carried out in the University of the Punjab Lahore's Quaid-e-Azam
Campus Botanical Garden in Pakistan. Two amounts of two types of biochar
(sugarcane bagasse and acacia wood shaving biochar) amendment in the
soil (0 tons per hectare and 5 tons per hectare) were used in the field
experiment, which was set up as a split-plot design. During the vegetative
and reproductive stages, cabbage plants with 70% field capacity received
two foliar spays of green synthesis nanoparticles. The findings demonstrated
that biochar and green synthesized nano-particles nanoparticles had a major
impact on the physiological (transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal
conductance and sub-stomatal conductance), and biochemical processes
(proline, protein and antioxidant enzyme assays) and yield attributes (head
weight, head length, stem length, head size, inner stem length, and width).
Green synthesis nanoparticals and activated biochar amendments in soil are
the most ecofriendly interventions used in agricultural field for cabbage
production.
INCPS-2024-286 Bridging
Growth and Sustainability:
Biochar's Impact on Yield and Water Dynamics in
Diverse Maize Hybrids under Natural Field Conditions
1 1,2 1 2
Zarghoona Naz , Summera Jahan , Audil Rashid , Atif Kamran
1
Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
2
Email- summera.botany@pu.edu.pk
Water shortage is a major problem for agricultural crop production around
the globe it’s a major problem in different regions of the world, it affects plant
metabolism, growth, and yield and ultimately leads to significant crop loss.
Despite struggles to enhance agriculture production in the world, there
always remains a large gap between real and possible yields of food crops.
There are numerous types of soil amendments in the world
211
Physiology
(organic/inorganic) to increase the soil properties and gain more yield under
drought conditions. The addition of biochar to degraded soil has a significant
ability to increase crop productivity biochar-based applications can mitigate
environmental changes through the storage of carbon in soil. The present
research work explored the effect of biochar amended in soil on Chlorophyll
a, Chlorophyll b, Total Chlorophyll content, Carotenoids, relative water
content, proline, sugar, lipid, protein, Antioxidant, Absolute growth, and
economic analysis of three maize varieties under three different regimes. A
field experiment was conducted at location 32°38.37’N, 74°9.00’E (Gujrat) to
explore the suitable level of activated biochar under different moisture
regimes (100% ETC, 70% ETC, and 50% ETC). Field experiments were
performed to explore the dynamic effect of biochar-amended soil on maize
growth and yield. The following seeds of maize hybrids will be used DK-
2088, DK-6317, and YH-5427. The experiment was placed in a split-plot
design with three replications. We examine the response of non-amended
−1
soil (0 tons ha ), and biochar-amended soil which was applied at 5 tons
ha−1 and 10 tons ha−1. Maize yield gives positive results as compared to
the control and enhances the average increase of yield. Furthermore, the
preparation of biochar has no negative influence on other environmental
factors, such as the cutting of forests, trees, herbs, and shrubs and it also
inhibits the modification of agricultural landscapes.
Key words. Biochar, drought, vermicompost, soil composition
of Sugarcane Industrial
Effluent as an Alternate Source of Irrigation on
Various Parameters like Growth, Chlorophyll
Contents and Antioxidants on Various Canola
Varieties
1* 1* 2
Hafeez Ullah , Nosheen Noor Elahi , Muhammad Imtiaz ,
3 4
Muhammad Nadeem Shah , Mohammed Asiri & Mohammad
4
Y.Alshahrani
1,
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
2
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab,
Pakistan
Email:hafeezullah9938@gmail.com
Irrigation is backbone of life in crops especially if sugarcane industrial

effluent is used for irrigation purposes; however, its tricky composition and
elevated metal contaminants have a risk of soil and crop contamination So, it
is imperative to pay effective approaches to ensure the wise utilization of this
resource for cultivation of crop. Dilution is a useful approach to lessen its
toxicity, minimizing its contrary impact on health of soil and crops. To resolve
this issue the current study is based on the use of the best dilution technique
of sugarcane industrial effluent (SW) for the cultivation of canola varieties. A
total of 15 canola varieties (i.e., write varieties names) were cultivated at 0%,
20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% SW. Results showed that at 60% SW;
212
Physiology
Faisalabad Canola and Punjab Canola enhanced germination, shoot length,
root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, and
chlorophyll contents compared to other treatments and control. AARI Canola
and CON-III showed poor growth and chlorophyll contents under 60%SW.
Dunkled and Oscar cultivars showed moderate improvement in growth and
chlorophyll contents under 60SW. The 60% SW can be recommended for
maximum growth benefits in canola cultivars, specifically Faisalabad Canola
and Punjab Canola. At 20SW, the root dry weight of Faisalabad Canola
increased by 2.7%, while Punjab Canola increased by 3.4%. Canola
varieties showed the highest increase in POD (antioxidant) activity compared
to the control, with a 55.45% increase, followed by Sandal Canola, with a
43.26% increase. However, additional field-level experiments are required to
govern the best cultivars suitable for ideal growth under 80SW and 60SW
irrigation conditions.
Key words: Irrigation; Growth attributes; Antioxidants; Dilution technique; Canola
INCPS-2024-114 Interactive Effect of Co- composted

Biochar on Ameliorating Drought Stress on Different
Zea mays Varieties
Aqsa Razzaq, Mussarat Qamar
Islamia university Bahawalpur (Botany Department)
Email: aqsarazzaq81@gmail.com
Drought stress severely impacts maize production by interfering with plant

physiological functions, hindering nutrient and water uptake, resulting in
stunted growth and reduced yields. This study investigates the potential of
composted biochar (CB) and different maize genotypes to mitigate drought
stress effects. CB improves soil aeration, water retention, and nutrient
cycling, benefiting plant growth and sequestering carbon due to its porous
structure that fosters beneficial microbes. We examined the effects of CB on
five maize genotypes (SG2002, RS111, RS999, AH9272, AS376) under
varying drought conditions. A completely randomized design was used with
four treatments (control, drought stress, CB, and (drought + CB) in four
replications. Results showed that under drought stress, maize plant height
(~47%), shoot length (~72%), root length (~62%), and fresh weight (~80%)
decreased significantly compared to control. The (CB + drought) treatment
significantly improved these parameters, with increases in plant height
(~32%), shoot length (~100%), root length (~80%), and fresh weight
(~125%) compared to drought stress alone. Chlorophyll content also
improved significantly with (CB + drought) treatment, showing increases in
chlorophyll a (~80%), chlorophyll b (~85%), and total chlorophyll (~83%)
compared to drought stress. Soil nutrient availability (P, K, N) and organic
matter content were better maintained with CB application under drought
stress. Among genotypes, RS111 showed the highest drought tolerance,
while RS999 exhibited the most least responses to both drought stress and
CB treatment. These findings demonstrate that CB application is an effective
213
Physiology
method for mitigating drought stress in maize plants, with potential for
improving crop resilience in water-limited environments.
INCPS-2024-33 Growth, Water Relation, and
Photosynthesis of Canola (Brassica napus L.) as
Influenced by Nickel Stress
1 1 1,
Aysha Akbar *, Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi , Muhammad Umar
1 1 1
Tariq Aziz , Zafar Ullah Zafar and Habib Ur Rehman Athar
1
Email: ayshaalich@gmail.com
Low nickel concentrations are necessary for normal plant growth; however,
higher levels reduce plant growth by affecting plant physiological processes
such as water status, mineral nutrition, and photosynthesis. To assess up to
what extent increasing concentration of Ni negatively affects the plant water
status and photosynthesis which translates into poor growth of plants, three-
week-old plants of canola (Brassica napus L. var. Dunkled) were subjected
to different concentrations of nickel (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm) as NiCl2 in
half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Growth attributes, water status,
and photosynthetic efficiency were recorded after twenty-one days of nickel
application. Nickel application in the rooting medium reduced the growth of
canola plants, but the maximum reduction in growth was observed in 200-
ppm nickel-applied plants. The nickel application reduced water potential,
osmotic potential, and turgor potential. The chlorophyll contents and
quantum yield of PSII were also decreased significantly by nickel application.
Nickel reduced the structural stability of PSII in canola by reducing the JI and
IP amplitude and significant changes in L- and K-band. Nickel reduced the
PSII activity by decreasing Fm and increasing the relative variable
fluorescence at the J step (Vj). The performance index was reduced, and Mo
was enhanced at higher nickel concentrations. However, ABS/RC, TRo/RC,
and ETo/RC decreased, and DIo/RC was enhanced by 150- and 200-ppm
nickel application. These results indicate that PSII activity was reduced by
nickel application via reducing the antenna size, electron trapping to QA, and
linear electron transport from PSII to PSI while increasing heat dissipation. It
is concluded that 150- and 200-ppm nickel had more negative effects on
plant growth, water status, and photosynthetic efficiency than lower nickel
concentrations.
Keywords: Nickel, Canola, PSII activity, Water Status, Growth
INCPS-2024-13 Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Wheat
*
Muhammad Aqib , Muhammad Ali Khan, Muhammad Ubaidullah
Shirazi, Muhammad Siafullah Baloch, Muhammad Usama
Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando Jam,
Pakistan
Email: maqib372@gmail.com
The world population is expected to increase up to 9.7 billion in the year

2050, which stands currently at 7.7 billion. Abiotic stresses viz. drought and
214
Physiology
temperature extremes arise when population explosion combines with
climate change. Drought and heat are two major abiotic stresses
constraining wheat productivity worldwide, causing yield losses of up to 86%
and 69%, respectively. Due to continuous increase in the population of
Pakistan; it is the need of time to improve the yield of staple food. An
experiment was designed in plastic pots (1mx1.5m) under controlled
environment in wire netted pot house to study the responses of selected
genotypes under drought and high temperature stress. Selected advanced
genotypes (SDW-17, SDW-25, DF-1701, DF-1708, DF-1709, DF-1917 and
Khirman as a local Check) were sown in plastic pots filled with clay loam soil.
The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with
three treatments i.e. Control (100% FC), drought (50% FC), high
temperature stress (late sowing) and replicated thrice. The genotypes were
evaluated on the basis of physiological indices, agronomical traits and water
use efficiency. It was observed that genotype DF-1701 exhibited maximum
leaf area, NRA, proline and RWC under stress conditions compared to
control followed by DF-1708 and SDW-17 respectively. The abiotic stress
tolerant genotypes specified in this study may be recommended to wheat
breeders to produce stress tolerant genotype
Keywords: wheat, abiotic stress, physiology, water use efficiency
INCPS-2024-147 Influence of Polyvinyl Chloride

Microplastics on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments
and Antioxidant enzymes in Wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) Crop
Haiqa Khalid, Hunza Fatima, Zahra Ijaz, Ayesha Hayat, Iram
Batool, Zahra Falak, Noor Akbar, Sibgha Noreen*, Seema
Mahmood
Email:sibgha_noreen@yahoo.com
In the present era, the productivity ratio of crops has been reduced due to
increased level of plastic pollution worldwide. It can severely affect the
growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant capacities. Therefore, a pot
trial was conducted to examine the effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics
(PVC MPs) on morphological physiological and biochemical attributes of
(Triticum aestivumL.) crop under different levels. The experiment was carried
out at Botanical garden of BZU Multan, Pakistan. The experimental studies
was consist of Wheat varieties (Akbar-19), (Arooj-22) and (Anaj-17) and
PVC microplastic @0,50, 100, 200, 400, 600mg/kg of having completely
randomized design (CRD) with four replicates of each treatment. Each pot
consists of 5kg soil and PVC was mixed with sieved soil before sowing of
seeds. Seeds were obtained from Ayub Agriculture Research Institute,
Faisalabad-Pakistan. All three varieties of wheat significantly differ from each
other under different regimes of soil applied PVC microplastic. The plants
-1
which grow in medium containing PVC MPs @600 mg kg showed decrease
215
Physiology
+
in biomass production i.e., shoot fresh dry weight, proline content, K ions
-1
and spike length, no. of spikes, seed weight plant . On the other hand, shoot
and root length, chlorophyll content (a, b), quantum yield, H2O2 and relative
water content (RWC) all these attributes remain unchanged under various
regimes of PVC MPs. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD), total soluble
+
protein, amino acid content of leaves and Na ions also increased via
increasing dose of PVC MPs. Finally results showed that PVC MPs effects
few attributes significantly but it did not significantly effects on various
morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat crop. It is also
assume that, they may have more severe effects on growth of plants if they
remain persist in soil for long time.
Keywords: Microplastic, Wheat, physiological, chlorophyll, PVC, Antioxidants,
biomass
of Foliar Fertigation of Silicon on
Lipid Peroxidation, Photosynthetic Attributes and
Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes under Cadmium
Stress on Canola (Brassica napus L.) Crop
Hunza Fatima, Zahra ijaz, Haiqa Khalid, Irum Batool, Noor Akbar,
Sibgha Noreen*, Seema Mahmood
In the recent times, the productivity ratio of crops has been reduced due to
increased level of heavy metal pollution worldwide. Although Canola
(Brassica napus L.) crop is regarded as stress tolerant, but shows great
genetic variability under Cadmium (Cd) stress. The adverse effects of
drought stress could be quenched by exogenous application of Silicon. For
this purpose, an experiment was conducted at Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan -Pakistan. Therefore, a pot trial was conducted to
examine the effect of cadmium chloride on morphological, physiological and
biochemical attributes of (Brassica napus L.) crop under different levels. The
experimental studies was consist of (a) Canola varieties, (b) Cadmium
chloride @0, 50, 100, 150mg/kg (c) two silicon levels @ 0, 200ppm K2SiO3
consist of completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates of each
treatment. Both varieties of canola significantly differ from each other under
different regimes of soil applied Cd. The plants which grow in medium
-1
containing 150mg kg of CdCl2 showed decrease in biomass production,
shoot & root length, chlorophyll content, SPAD, quantum yield and relative
water content (RWC), amino acid and protein and antioxidant enzymes
(CAT, POD,APX) , but proline show antagonistic behavior in response to Cd
stress. H2O2, which is regarded as oxidative stress indicator. However, after
application of Silicon @200ppm all morphological, physiological and
biochemical attributes of both varieties of canola was improved which
indicate that the adverse effects of heavy metal stress could be mitigated by
foliar application of silicon on canola crop.
216
Physiology
INCPS-2024-35The
Integrative Effect of Zinc Oxide-
Nanoparticles and Biochar on Turnip (Brassica napus
L.) and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Drought
Stress
1* 1*
Sibgha Noreen , Shamsa Kanwal
1
Email: shamsak698@gmail.com
Water shortage is a major challenge for sustaining global food security.

Using nutrients in the nano-scale formulation including zinc oxide
nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) is a novel fertilization strategy for crops. Biochar is
a carbon-based soil amendment that may increase soil porosity and
functionality. A study with complete randomization will be carried out three
experiments. This study was specifically developed to observe the
comparative effects of ZnO-nanoparticles and at diverse concentration levels
(0, 50mg/L 100mg/L and 200mg/L) and biochar at different levels (0,
0.5%,1% and 1.5%) that could effectively decrease the injurious effect of
drought stress on turnip and radish plants. In experiments on the turnip and
radish, drought stress caused a significant reduction in all growth and
biochemical attributes, and increased antioxidant enzymatic activity. In a
comparison with the conventional ZnO-nanoparticles, the foliar application of
100mg/L ZnO-nanoparticles and application of 0.1% biochar on soil
rhizosphere significantly improved plant biomass, antioxidant defense
system, secondary metabolites, and photosynthetic pigments in the leaves
under drought stress. Based on the collected results, it is recommended that
the foliar application of ZnO-nanoparticles and biochar apply on soil
rhizosphere under drought stress is helpful in increasing the growth and
yield of turnip and radish plants.
INCPS-2024-131 Influence of Foliar Fertigation of
Ascorbic Acid on Physio-Biochemical Attributes of
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Drought
Stress Condition
1* 1
Sibgha Noreen , Shamsa Kanwal
1
Drought stress severely inhibits growth and development of plant by
disturbing all metabolic functions. In this regard, foliar application of ascorbic
acid can be used an approach to lessen the adverse consequences of
drought stress to crop plants. Several organic and inorganic compounds
such as osmolytes, vitamins and ascorbic acid exogenously applied to
enhance tolerance in plants under drought stress conditions. The current
research consists of two safflower varieties (AYT-V7 and AYT-V9) with four
foliar applications (0, 100, 200 and 300ppm). The soil filled pot experiment
was completely randomized design (CRD). Drought stress significantly
affected different morphological attributes (biomass accumulations and shoot
lengths) and biochemical (chlorophyll contents, total soluble protein contents
217
Physiology
+ +
and antioxidant enzymes) and ionic contents (root and leaf Na and K ). The
foliar application of ascorbic acid further strengthened the defensesystem
which was evident from enhanced activities of antioxidant, thus mitigating
the excessive H2O2 (ROS) produced under drought stress. The results
clearly described that drought stress induced reduction in growth,
photosynthetic pigments and yield attributes were reversed through foliar
application of ascorbic acid. Among all concentrations of ascorbic acid, the
dose 300 ppm alleviated the different physio-biochemical as well as yield
traits. Conclusively, foliar application of Ascorbic acid posed a positive effect
on overall health of plant especially under drought stressed safflower plants.
INCPS-2024-148 ImprovingResistance Against Multiple

Abiotic Stresses via Inoculation of Growth Promoting
Bacterium Enterobacter cloacae on Safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Zahra Ijaz, Haiqa Khalid, Hunza Fatima, Irum Batool, Zahra
Falak, Noor Akbar, Ayesha, Sibgha Noreen*, Seema Mehmood
In the present era, the productivity ratio of crops has been reduced due to
increased level of abiotic stress. However, application of Enterobacter
cloacae as plant growth promoting rhizobia (PGPR)as an alternative for
chemical fertilizers is an effective approach to improve plant growth and as
well as soil health. Therefore, a soil containing pot trial was conducted to
improve the resistance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) crop under
abiotic stress (drought, diesel stress and heavy metal stress) condition. The
research study was consisting of (a) two varieties of Safflower “SAF-65” and
“SAF-111” (b) seed primed with Enterobacter cloacae (c) drought stress,
-1 -1
diesel stress @ 5mgkg and cadmium (cd) stress@ 75mgkg The
experiment was completely randomized design with four replications. Under
various abiotic stress condition, many attributes of both varieties of safflower
have been reduced including biomass production, photosynthetic pigments,
RWC, quantum yield and total protein content. On the other hand, all
stresses enhance production of H2O2 content in both varieties. But the var
“SAF-111” performed better as compared to var “SAF-65” under all stress
condition. However, among all stresses diesel stress significantly reduced
the plant growth and development of both varieties of safflower. Moreover,
exogenous application of PGPR enhance the morphometric attributes, green
pigment concentration, stress related protein and amino acids and also
antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase dismutase (POD), Catalase (CAT),
ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and reduced H2O2 content to ameliorate
oxidative stress in plants. The ion analysis of Na K and cd showed that Na
increased under abiotic stresses while K and cd showed reduction under cd,
dr and diesel stress. Plants treated with Enterobacter cloaceae showed
decreased in Na and Increased in K and cd c ontent. Thus, Enterobacter
218
Physiology
cloacae improved the resistance against multiple abiotic stresses in
safflower.
INCPS-2024-173 Boosting
Wheat Growth and
Photosynthetic Efficiency with Proline Applied
through the Rooting Medium
1* 1 2
Sawera , Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi , Neha Allah Ditta , Tariq
1 1 1 1
Aziz , Waresha Javed , Hira Anwar Ansari , Muhammad Umar ,
1 1
Zafar Ullah Zafar , and Habib-ur-Rahman Athar
1
2
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabd, Pakistan
Email: sawerasahil991@gmail.com
Proline, an imino acid known for its osmo-protective properties, plays a

crucial role in promoting plant growth under both stress and non-stress
conditions. However, the impact of exogenously applied proline on water
status, and photosynthetic efficiency in wheat remains underexplored. To
address this, a pot experiment was conducted at the Botanic Garden of
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Plastic pots of 10 cm
diameters were filled with washed river sand. The study utilized a completely
randomized design with one wheat cultivar (Galaxy-13) and five proline
concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mM), each with five replications. After
germination, five equal sized and equidistantly placed plants were selected
for further experimentation. After seven days of germination, wheat plants
were given different proline concentrations in half strength Hoagland’s
nutrient solution through a rooting medium. After three weeks of proline
treatment, different growth, biochemical, and photosynthetic attributes
including the quantum yield of PSII, total chlorophyll contents (SPAD values),
light response curve, and chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP curve analysis)
were measured. Results showed an overall improvement in plant biomass
production, quantum yield, total chlorophyll contents (SPAD values), total
soluble proteins, proline contents, catalase, and peroxidase activity and
chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP curve analysis). However, the results were
more prominent at 10 mM Proline concentration. Antioxidant activity (CAT
and POD) was greatly enhanced at 10 mM proline concentration which
indicates that proline activates an antioxidant defense mechanism.
Exogenous application of proline increases the level of total soluble proteins,
total free amino acids, and proline contents. PSII, ETRII, PSI, and ETRI
activity was enhanced at 10 mM proline concentration indicating that proline
maintained PSII activity by improving the electron transport chain,
modulating thylakoid membrane structure, enhancing light-harvesting
complex, and reducing photoinhibition. In conclusion, exogenous application
of proline, particularly at 10 mM, concentration was found to be the most
effective dose for enhancing wheat growth by improving antioxidant defense,
protein synthesis, proline accumulation, and photosynthetic efficiency.
Keywords: Growth, PSII activity, Catalase, POD, Proline, Wheat
219
Physiology
INCPS-2024-183 Agro-Morphological,Physiological and
Yield Related Performances of Sarson (Brassica
campestris L.) Evaluated for Nickel Stress Resistance
1 1
Shehzadi Saima *, Ramisha Majeed **
1
Email: ramishamajeed623@gmail.com
Nickel (Ni) toxicity poses a significant threat to crop productivity and

environmental sustainability, particularly in regions with elevated levels of
this heavy metal. In this study, we investigated the agro-morphological,
physiological, and yield performances of Sarson (Brassica campestris L.)
under nickel stress conditions, with a focus on evaluating the potential of
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in enhancing stress resistance. Mustard
(Brassica campestris L.) is widely cultivated around the whole World for the
production of edible oils and biodiesel fuel. A pot experiment was conducted
which consisted of two varieties (Ghobi and Raya Sarson), six treatments (0,
100mg ZnO, 100ppm Ni, 200ppm Ni, 100mg ZnO with 100ppm Ni, 100mg
ZnO with 200ppm Ni) and four replicates in completely randomized design.
Distinct responses in the agro-morphological and physiological parameters
of Sarson plants were exbhited under nickel stress. Morphological traits such
as shoot and root length and biomass production significantly decreased,
indicative of stress-induced growth inhibition. The effects of nickel
contamination on plants include an overall reduction in growth, chlorophyll
content, yield attributes (number of flowers, pods, seeds and 100 seed
weight) and increase antioxidants (peroxidase, catalase and proline) while
increasing nickel stress. Ni stress led to considerable reduction in yield
highlighting its adverse effects on crop productivity. Interestingly, the
application of ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated a notable mitigation of nickel-
induced stress effects in Sarson plants. ZnO nanoparticles effectively
enhanced the tolerance mechanisms against nickel stress, as evidenced by
improved agro-morphological traits, physiological functions, and yield
performances compared to non-treated plants under similar stress
conditions. Notably, the varietal differences were observed, with the tolerant
variety (Raya Sarson) exhibiting greater resilience to nickel stress compared
to its counterpart (Ghobi Sarson). These results underscore the potential of
ZnO nanoparticles as a promising strategy for alleviating heavy metal stress,
thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and food security in
metal-contaminated environments.
INCPS-2024-184 Impact
of Salt Stress on Physiology,
Biochemical and Yield Attributes on Varieties of
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
1 1
Shehzadi Saima *, Ayesha Javed
1
Email: shehzadi.saima@bzu.edu.pk
220
Physiology
Salinity is the most problematic abiotic stress that has significant effect on
plant growth, physiology and biochemical processes of plant by causing
osmotic stress that result in reduced biomass production. This adverse effect
of salt stress appears at almost all growth stages including germination,
seedling, vegetative and maturity stages. However, tolerance to salt stress
at different plant developmental stages varies from species to species. Salt
tolerance and yield stability are complex genetic traits that are difficult to
establish in crops since salt stress may occur as a catastrophic episode, be
imposed continuously or intermittently and become gradually more severe at
any stage during development. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is relatively
salt sensitive crop, therefore the present study was planned with the
objective to screen the best salt tolerant variety by simple and efficient
technique. The screening experiment consisted of 10 varieties (Sandal
canola, Rainbow, Legend, Punjab canola, Dunkled, Oscar, AC Excel, Super
canola, Shiralee and Faisal canola), three NaCl treatments (0, 50 and 100
mM). Seeds were sown in plastic trays of (70x50cm). Hoagland solution was
applied as nutrient medium. Germination percentage, root and shoot length
and root and shoot fresh and dry weights decreased in all varieties with the
increase of salt concentration. Shiralee and Super canola showed the
highest germination and growth in all parameters while Punjab canola and
Oscar showed less germination. These four varieties of rapeseed were
selected for adult experiment that consisted of two stages, four varieties,
four replicates and four treatments (0, 50, 100 and 150mM) in completely
randomized design. After 8 weeks of experiment plants were harvested and
different parameters such as fresh and dry weights of stem, root, leaves and
petioles, root and shoot length, number of flowers, relative water content
(RWC), chlorophyll a & b content, cell membrane injury, proline content,
peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total
soluble protein were measured. At mature stage number of pods, number of
grain per pod, weight of pods per plant and 100 seed weight were
measured. AgainShiralee and Super canola performed better in all
parameters and can be therefore classified as best salt tolerant varieties.
Keywords: salinity, rapeseed, Superoxide dismutase, Germination percentage, stress

tolerance
INCPS-2024-199 Influence of Sugarcane Industrial

Effluent as an Alternate Source of Irrigation on
Various Parameters like Growth, Chlorophyll
Contents and Antioxidants on Various Canola
Varieties
1* 1* 2
Hafeez Ullah , Nosheen Noor Elahi , Muhammad Imtiaz ,
3 4
Muhammad Nadeem Shah , Mohammed Asiri , Mohammad Y.
4
Alshahrani
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab,
Pakistan
221
Physiology
2
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab,
Pakistan
Email:hafeezullah9938@gmail.com
Irrigation is backbone of life in crops especially if sugarcane industrial

effluent is used for irrigation purposes; however, its tricky composition and
elevated metal contaminants have a risk of soil and crop contamination So, it
is imperative to pay effective approaches to ensure the wise utilization of this
resource for cultivation of crop. Dilution is a useful approach to lessen its
toxicity, minimizing its contrary impact on health of soil and crops. To resolve
this issue the current study is based on the use of the best dilution technique
of sugarcane industrial effluent (SW) for the cultivation of canola varieties. A
total of 15 canola varieties(i.e., write varieties names) were cultivated at 0%,
20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% SW. Results showed that at 60% SW;
Faisalabad Canola and Punjab Canola enhanced germination, shoot length,
root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, and
chlorophyll contents compared to other treatments and control. AARI Canola
and CON-III showed poor growth and chlorophyll contents under 60%SW.
Dunkled and Oscar cultivars showed moderate improvement in growth and
chlorophyll contents under 60SW. The 60% SW can be recommended for
maximum growth benefits in canola cultivars, specifically Faisalabad Canola
and Punjab Canola. At 20SW, the root dry weight of Faisalabad Canola
increased by 2.7%, while Punjab Canola increased by 3.4%. Canola
varieties showed the highest increase in POD (antioxidant) activity compared
to the control, with a 55.45% increase, followed by Sandal Canola, with a
43.26% increase. However, additional field-level experiments are required to
govern the best cultivars suitable for ideal growth under 80SW and 60SW
irrigation conditions.
the Influence of GA3 Seed
Priming in Improving Performance of Maize (Zea
mays) under Moisture Deficit
Nosheen Ilahi, Ali Shan
Institute of Botany Bahauddin Zakriya University Multan Pakistan
Email: zeshanharal813@gmail.com
(Zea mays) often known as maize or Indian corn (or corn in certain other
countries), is a grass belonging to the Poaceae that is more reasonable to
select for research as a seasonal,growth and native point of veiw. Study aim
to look at how different types of maize are affected by GA3 priming and
hydro priming at moisture deficit. To find out how long maize seed hydro
priming and GA3 priming should last.The purpose of the current experiment
was to evaluate whether hydro-priming and GA3 Priming may enhance
maize seed germination and primary seedling development.This study
aimed to assess the effects of hydro priming and priming with gibberellic acid
(GA3) on different drought stress levels. GA3 has been shown to boost
germination and enhance seed vigor. Results show that GA3 primed plants
222
Physiology
have a high germination rate, which ensures crop settlement, and that GA3
increases plant growth, seed yield, and vigor at the germination stage. On
the other hand, GA3 reduces plant production of chlorophyll and has
detrimental effects on antioxidant enzymes, CAT, and POD. Two hybrid
maize cultivars are employed in the experiment. Data suggests that Sahiwal
2002 has greater growth responses to stress levels than Malka. Additionally,
hydropriming responds to various stimuli with improved development in
every way. Because of its minimal agricultural risk and ease of application, it
can be utilized in agricultural activities. In conclusion, the development of
Zea maize plants was significantly improved by the application of 30% GA3
and hydro priming procedures as compared to the control group (unprimed).
Growth characteristics were significantly improved by using 30% GA3, a
water-soluble polymer. Additionally, presoaking seeds in water, or
hydropriming, accelerated germination and improved plant development.
The 30% GA3 treatment was shown to be efficient, as seen by the
noteworthy decrease in antioxidant levels in Maize plants, which implies a
decrease in osmotic stress caused by stress. With less stress and oxidative
damage, the plants' growth circumstances were better, as seen by the
reduction in antioxidants. These results advance our knowledge of priming
strategies and the ways in which they may be used to improve crop growth
and stress tolerance. The 30% GA3 treatment was shown to be efficient, as
seen by the noteworthy increase in root length with respect to treatment
sequence like 30mg GA3 primed plants of both varieties have long root
length when it comes with increasing drought stress level control plants have
small root length as compare to 2 day stress level plants similarly less than
3 day level stress plants but shoot length work inversely as compare root
length. When we increase the stress levels the shoot length decrease
respect to control
INCPS-2024-205 Role of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000)

Seed Priming in Lessening the Adversarial Influence
of Drought in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
1* , 1**
Nosheen Noor Elahi Abdur Rehman
1
Email: Zeeshankhandawar1@gmail.com
Drought stress significantly hampers the growth and productivity of sunflower

(Helianthus annuus), a vital oilseed crop. This study, conducted at
Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan, evaluates the effectiveness of
seed priming with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) in mitigating the adverse
effects of drought on sunflower plants. Seed priming involves treating seeds
with PEG 6000 solution to enhance their drought tolerance. The experiment
utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with various
treatments, including different concentrations of PEG 6000 and control
groups.
Our results indicated that PEG 6000 seed priming markedly improved the
germination rate, and overall growth of sunflower plants under drought
223
Physiology
conditions. Primed seeds exhibited enhanced physiological and biochemical
responses, including increased chlorophyll concentration, and improved
antioxidant enzyme activities compared to non-primed seeds. These
improvements suggest that PEG 6000 seed priming enhances the plant’s
ability to withstand water deficit by maintaining better hydration and reducing
oxidative stress.In conclusion, PEG 6000 seed priming emerges as a
promising agronomic practice to mitigate drought stress in sunflower
varieties. This technique offers a viable approach to sustaining sunflower
productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Further research is recommended
to optimize the priming protocol and explore its applicability across different
sunflower variety's and varying environmental conditions.
of Nitrate Ammonium Ratios on
Growth and Photosynthetic Capacity of Sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.)
1* 1 1
Kakaish Raees , Hira Anwar Ansari , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar ,
1
Zafar Ullah Zafar
1
Email: kakaishraees@gmail.com
Helianthus annuus (L.) is the most important source of edible oil and fourth-
largest oilseed crop in the world. The study aimed to assess the effects of
- +
different NO3 / NH4 ratios (80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 20:80) on the
physiological and growth parameters of Helianthus annuus (L.). The results
demonstrated significant variations in plant responses to different nitrogen
forms. A higher ammonium ratio 20:80 significantly promotes root length,
root fresh weight and root dry weight suggesting that ammonium is
particularly effective for enhancing root development. A balanced 50:50 ratio
supports the greatest shoot elongation, indicating that equal parts nitrate and
-
ammonium provide the best conditions for shoot growth. The 60:40 NO3 /
+
NH4 ratio may be the most effective for enhancing shoot fresh and dry
biomass, which is crucial for overall plant productivity. Higher ammonium
ratios (20:80) improved water potential, enhancing water retention, but
increased osmotic stress, reflected in more negative turgor potential.
Osmotic potential remained relatively stable across treatments. Results
showed a significant decrease in Y (II) and Y (I) as light intensity increased,
2 1
with maximal changes observed at 1420 µmol m− s− . Non-photochemical
quenching (NPQ) and regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)) increased with
light intensity, while non-regulatory energy dissipation (Y(NO)) and donor-
end limitation (Y(ND)) also showed marked variations across
nitrate/ammonium ratios. These findings suggest that Helianthus annuus (L.)
plants exhibit differing photo protective mechanisms based on
nitrate/ammonium ratios. The findings showed that nitrate/ammonium ratios
significantly influenced light absorption (ABS/RC) and energy trapping
(TRo/RC). The 60:40 ratio demonstrated optimal performance in light
utilization and energy trapping. Electron transport (ETo/RC) slightly
224
Physiology
decreased with higher ammonium, while dissipation of excess energy
(DIo/RC) increased under these conditions, suggesting stress adaptation
mechanisms. The optimal ratio for chlorophyll content in Helianthus annuus
(L.) appears to be around 60:40, suggesting that a balance between nitrate
and ammonium favors efficient nitrogen metabolism and chlorophyll
production, contributing to better plant growth and photosynthetic
performance. The 20:80 ratio showed the lowest values, indicating excess
ammonium may negatively affect chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis in
Helianthus annuus (L.).
Keywords: Nitrate Ammonium Ratios, growth, Photosynthetic capacity,
Helianthus annuus (L.)
INCPS-2024-208 Influenceof Phosphorous Deficiency on

Functional Activity of PSII and Electron Transport of
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
1 1 1 1
Noor-ul-ain , Hamida Akbar , Zahra Malik , Zafar Ullah Zafar and
1
Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Email: ulain481@gmail.com
Thepresentresearchinvestigatestheinfluence of phosphorous deficiency on

functional activity of PSII and electron transport of Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis L. in sand culture. Seeds of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis L.) were obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI),
Faisalabad. The experiment was carried out in a wirenet house in the
Botanic Gardens of Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, Pakistan,
under regular day and light circumstances, with a temperature of 23-9°C
day/night and a relative humidity of 60-70%. Phosphorus (P) is a necessary
nutrient for plant growth and the second most limiting macronutrient after
nitrogen (N). It regulates metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis in
chloroplasts. Inadequate P nutrition slows plant maturity and lowers crop
output. In this study, a controlled experiment was carried out with five
groups of cauliflower plants. Within each group, different concentrations of P
(31ppm, 15.5ppm, 3.88ppm, 1.94ppm, 0ppm) were applied weekly to each
group by giving half strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Amendments
were made in the concentration of Hoagland’s nutrient solution and applied
to pants for 3 weeks. Various parameters were analyzed. The results
showed that phosphorus deficiency affected overall plant growth and
biochemical parameters, electron transport, PSII activity. However, the
plants with no phosphorus showed negative effects on plants. Specifically,
the plants with 31ppm phosphorus showed increased plant height, leaf area,
biomass accumulation, chlorophyll response, QY, SPAD values,
concentration of soluble proteins, amino acids, proline, catalase, peroxidase,
OJIP, light respose curve, induction curve, induction+relaxation curve and
photosynthetic activity. The current study aims to analyze some of the
biochemical and physiological features for use as criteria to study the
225
Physiology
consequences of phosphorus deficiency, to assess the effects of this
deficiency on crop yield globally and to assess photosynthetic activity in
plant groups with varying phosphorus concentrations.
Keywords: deficiency, photosynthetic, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll responses.
INCPS-2024-209 Changes in Growth and Macronutrient

uptake in Trigonella corniculate L. Grown under
Rhizospheric Contamination by Microplastics
Urooj Fatima, Ameer Hamza, Shehrooz Afzal, Shahnaz Bibi,
Seema Mahmood
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800 Pakistan
Emails: fari345noor@gmail.com; shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Microplastics ubiquitous synthetic polymers, are widely used across the

globe. Several industries manufacture various products for their diversified
uses, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. The wide use of plastic material
resulted in its addition to the environment This study investigates the impact
of microplastics on the growth and physiological attributes of Trigonella
corniculata L., commonly known as fenugreek, a vital plant species with
agricultural, medicinal, and leafy vegetable to ensure its suitability for
growth. Microplastic (derived from polystyrene finished products) treatments
of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg soil were applied to Trigonella plants grown in a
wire-net house. Several growth parameters were measured, including shoot
fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot
length, root length, leaf surface area, and the number of leaves per plant.
The results indicated that increasing polystyrene concentrations showed a
non-significant impact on measured attributes of Trigonella plants. However,
the study underscores the importance of understanding the implications of
microplastic contamination on agricultural ecosystems, highlighting the need
for sustainable practices to mitigate plastic pollution. Furthermore, it
emphasizes the significance of Trigonella corniculata in Pakistani agriculture
and medicine, suggesting avenues for further research to explore its
potential resilience to environmental stressors and its pharmacological
properties.
Keywords: Microplastic, Polystyrene, and Fenugreek
INCPS-2024-136 A Comparative
Study of Two Species of
Family Solanaceae under Escalated Fluoride Levels
in the Growth Medium
Abdul Aleem, Shehrooz Afzal, Muhammad Arsalan, Seema
Mahmood
Institute of Botany Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
226
Physiology
Emails: aleem3451@gmail.com: shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Fluoride pollution has become a significant environmental concern, affecting

various ecological systems, particularly plant life. A pot experiment was
conducted in the spring at the Botanic Garden, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan, Pakistan to investigate the effects of Fluoride (F) applied
in the form of NaF to green chili (Capsicum annum L.) and tomato
(Lycopersicum esculentum L.) plants @ of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40
mg/kg fluoride salt in the soil along with control plants. F distinctively
influences the physicochemical properties of soil and plant growth
parameters and seems to induce stress. Growth parameters; fresh and dry
biomass, leaf area, and number of leaves per plant significantly reduced
both vegetables. Furthermore, the 40 mg/kg level appeared to be most
detrimental on green chili and tomato plants. Based on the study, it was
concluded that the presence of F in soil can adversely affect plants'
metabolic processes, hence reducing growth and yield. The ever-increasing
F pollution of arable soil or water can pose serious threats to the ecosystem.
The study signified that appropriate measures should to taken by the EPA to
address threats to biodiversity of plants for the sake of food safety and
security.
INCPS-2024-212 Temporal
Variation in Productivity Traits
of Two Leafy Vegetables Grown under Independent
and Combined Stress of Essential and Non-
Essential Growth Elements
Muhammad Jamshaid, Azlan Hafeez, Bushra Walait, Furva
Rubab, Shehrooz Afzal Seema Mahmood
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya, University Multan 60800 Pakistan
Emails:jamshaidm217@gmail.com: shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Manganese is an essential micronutrient required at optimal levels for the

growth of all crop plants including leafy vegetables because it supports
critical physiological processes such as photosynthesis, nutritional balance,
and overall plant growth. In contrast, non-essential elements like chromium
negatively impact the performance of plant species. When present in the
growth medium, this non-essential metal element can hinder the absorption
of essential nutrients required for vital processes involved in plant growth.
The presence of metal ions disrupts cellular functions, and cause oxidative
stress, leading to decreased growth and productivity. This research aimed to
assess chromium and manganese's independent and combined effects on
two leafy vegetables: spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and fenugreek
(Trigonella corniculate L.). Both vegetables are highly valued for their rich
nutritional profiles and health benefits. Spinach is a rich source of essential
vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a staple for promoting overall
health and preventing chronic diseases. Fenugreek, known for its medicinal
properties, is a rich source of fiber, iron, and protein. Various growth
parameters (shoot and root fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per
227
Physiology
plant, leaf area, shoot and root length, and photosynthetic pigments like
chlorophyll and carotenoids were measured in both controlled and treated
plants of these vegetables. The results showed that independent and
combined applications of chromium and manganese had a differential impact
on the growth of the leafy vegetables. Chromium alone (10 mg/kg) reduced
shoot and root fresh and dry weight, while manganese when applied singly
at 20 mg/kg showed a positive influence on plant growth. The combined ratio
of chromium and manganese (5+20 mg/kg) enhanced the growth attributes
of both spinach and fenugreek plants. The leaf area was maximized with 10
mg/kg of manganese and at a combined ratio of chromium and manganese
(10+20 mg/kg). Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) in
both species were the highest with manganese application of 20 mg/kg) and
similarly when the ratio of chromium and manganese applied @ 5+20 mg/kg
compared to chromium alone. However, the most detrimental impact of the
combined levels of the two elements was observed for 10+20 mg/kg. The
results of the study indicated that chromium has harmful effects on growth
when present in higher concentrations while manganese has potentially
resulted in better growth and shown its ability to antagonize chromium when
the metal element is present in a lower level. Thus, manganese seemed to
have a limited ability to compete with metal ions.
INCPS-2024-213 Evaluating the Effects of GA3 Seed

Priming in Improving the Adverse Effect of Drought
in Sunflower (Helianthus annus)
1* 1**
Nosheen Noor Elahi Muhammad Saqlain Khadim
1
Institue of Botany Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,Pakistan
Email: saqlainkhadim3754@gmail.com
Oil production largely relies on the sunflower crop, with enormous amounts
of oil cakes are used as animal feed. As a non-hyperaccumulating plant that
also generates biomass, sunflower is a good option for phytoextraction. GA3
seed priming causes regulating effect in sunflower ,at the same time
hydropriming reduces the hazardous effect of drought and impact positively
in sunflower growth. A pot experiment (each plastic pot filled with 8kg of clay
and soil combination) was directed At the Bio Park of Bahauddin Zakariya
University in Multan, we conduct an examination to assess the impact of
different priming methods at sunflower under drought stress. In this
experiment, the sunflower variety “FH-701 and FH-648” was cultivated with
GA3 priming treatments (10mg) and hydroprimimg treatments at sowing
stages to the seeds. Experimental design was completely randomized(CRD)
under factorial arrangement with 3 replicates per treatment. Data was
collected for various growth and physiological characteristics after 65 days of
sowing. Redical and plumule length ( centimetres), leaf area index
( centimetres), fresh weight and dry weight of the redical (g), fresh and dry
weight of the plumule (g), and plant height are growth factors (cm).
Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll ratio,
carotenoid, flavonoids, soluble sugar, anthocyanin, as well as yield, Least
228
Physiology
Significant Difference (LSD) was used to compare treatments at 5%
probability levels. COSTAT software was used to examine the data.
INCPS-2024-214 Modulation
of Growth in Newly
Developed Germplasm of Cotton (Gossypium
hirsutumL.) and Maize (Zea mays.) Supplemented
with Exogenous Moringa oleifera L. Foliage Extract
* *
Ume Amara Liaqat , Sania Naseer, Shehrooz Afzal , Sadia Bilal,
Shahnaz Bibi, and Seema Mahmood
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
Email: mainalit565@gmail.com: shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Natural plant growth substances are widely used to enhance plant

productivity under both stress and favorable environmental conditions.
Moringa is gaining popularity as a super fertilizer due to its high nutritional
value. Agricultural scientists are increasingly interested in moringa because
it is a rich source of micro and macronutrients, antioxidants, and growth
hormones. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract is highly beneficial for
promoting vigorous growth, deeper root development, better seed
germination, and improved yields. The present study investigated the
growth-enhancing potential of different concentrations (25%, 50%, and
100%) of moringa leaf extract on 8-week-old cotton and maize plants grown
in normal conditions. The results showed that growth attributes were
significantly enhanced with increasing concentration of moringa leaf extract.
The maximum increase in the shoot, root fresh, dry weights, shoot length,
root length, and leaf area was found at 25% of the crude extract of moringa
leaves. The overall result showed that moringa leaf extract could be a
potential source for growth enhancement of crop plants.
INCPS-2024-215 Does Dependent Relationship Between
Polystyrene Microplastic Pollution and Early
Establishment of Cicer arientinumL.
Farva Rubab, Shehrooz Afzal, Sadia Bilal, Nisha Shafi, Misbah
Shoukat, Seema Mahmood
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800 Pakistan
Emails: farvarubab9@gmail.com; shehroozafal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a crucial annual pulse crop and ranks as the
world’s third-largest food legume. However, polystyrene microplastic
pollution negatively impacts most crops. A pot experiment aimed to assess
whether the presence of Polystyrene microplastics would affect the growth
attributes of chickpea plants. Three chickpea varieties (Bittal-2022, Bittal-
2021, Noor-2022) were exposed to three Polystyrene levels (0, 50, 100
mg/kg) by setting up an experiment in a completely randomized design with
three replications. Several growth parameters, including shoot fresh and dry
weight (g), root fresh and dry weight (g), shoot & root length (cm), number of
229
Physiology
compound leaves, number of flowers, number of pods, pod fresh weight (g),
pod dry weight (g), seed fresh weight (g), seed dry weight (g), chlorophyll
content (mg/g fresh weight), carotenoid content (mg/g fresh weight), and
phenolic content (mg/g fresh weight) were estimated. The results declared
that increasing polystyrene concentration reduces the morphological, foliage,
and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) at 100mg/kg.
While the phenolic contents were found maximum at 100 mg/kg polystyrene.
Keywords: Cicer arietinum, polystyrene microplastic, photosynthetic pigments
INCPS-2024-217 Osmoregulatory Role of Root Extract of

Glycyrrhiza glabara L. In Lagenaria Siceraria L.
Plants Grown under Moderate and Severe Moisture
Deficit Conditions
Sadia Bilal, Shehrooz Afzal, Shahnaz Bibi, Sania Faiz, Zoha
Sohail, Seema Mahmood
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
Email: sadiabilal450@gmail.com
Drought stress is a critical environmental factor that adversely affects

vegetable plants' growth, productivity, and physiological processes. This
study investigates the osmoregulatory role of root extract from Glycyrrhiza
glabra L. (licorice) in Lagenaria siceraria L. (bottle gourd) plants subjected to
moderate and severe moisture deficit conditions. The experiment was
designed to evaluate how the application of licorice root extract influences
osmotic adjustment and enhances drought tolerance in bottle gourds. Plants
were grown under controlled conditions with varying levels of water stress,
and treatments included the application of licorice root extract (25 and 50%).
Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, root and shoot
biomass, and leaf area were meticulously recorded. Additionally, Fo, Fv/Fm,
ETRo/RC, QYPSII, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and
carotenoids) plants' physio-chemical responses to drought stress. Results
indicated that drought stress significantly reduced plant height, leaf number,
and biomass of bottle-gourd plants. Fv/Fm, ETRo/RC, Photosynthetic
pigments decreased markedly under severe water deficit, indicating impaired
photosynthetic activity. While the applications of 25 and 50% foliar spray of
licorice root extract showed a significant increase in growth rate and
photosynthetic efficiency.
Keywords: Drought, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Lagenaria siceraria, QYPSII
INCPS-2024-150 Risk
Assessment of Microplastics (MPs)
Pollution Through Defensive Strategies in Sorghum
(Sorghumbicolor L.)
Iram Batool, Sibgha Noreen, Zahra Falak, Zahra Ijaz , Haiqa
Khalid, Hunza Fatima ,Ayesha HayatLodhi
230
Physiology
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Email: Batooliram868@gmail.com
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a vital crop for global food security, rural
livelihoods, and sustainable agriculture. In this study, we examined the
effects of PE on various physiological and biochemical parameters in two
plant varieties. The parameters evaluated included chlorophyll content
(chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll), carotenoid content,
anthocyanin content, scavenging capacity, enzymatic activities (superoxide
dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase), lipid
peroxidation (malondialdehyde content), proline content, and total soluble
protein content. Seeds of both plant varieties were subjected to different
concentrations of PE (0,250mg,500mgand 1000mg) during priming, with
appropriate control groups. After priming, the seeds were germinated under
controlled conditions, and the measurements were taken.Our results
demonstrated significant variations in the measured parameters among the
different PE concentrations and plant varieties. Increasing PE concentrations
positively influenced chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and total
soluble protein content in both varieties, indicating improved photosynthetic
efficiency and protein synthesis. Additionally, PE treatment enhanced the
scavenging capacity and enzymatic activities associated with antioxidant
defense, mitigating oxidative damage caused by microplastic stress. These
findings highlight the potential of PE as a seed priming agent for enhancing
crop performance under microplastic stress. Further investigations into the
underlying molecular mechanisms and optimization of PE application are
warranted for practical agricultural applications.
Key words: Microplastics (polyethylene),Sorghum varieties
INCPS-2024-220 Exogenous Application of Omeprazole to

Induce Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)
1 1 1
Kiran Shahzadi , Misbah Amir , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar , Zaffar
1 2
ulla Zafar , Chukwuma Ogbaga
1
2
Email: missshahzadi300@gmail.com
In present study, the impact of omeprazole on photosystem-II susceptibility

to photoinhibition occurred in the drought stressed plants, was evaluated in
both varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) i.e., D-6619 and D-3366. For this
purpose, a pot experiment was performed at Botanical Garden of Bahauddin
Zakariya University (BZU), Multan. The design of experiment was CRD. The
pots were arranged in eight sets, one set was used as a control set (0 µM
OMP), three sets were used with various concentration of omeprazole
treatment (i.e., 10, 20, and 40 µM OMP respectively), while remaining four
sets were used under drought stress. One set of drought stressed plants
was used without omeprazole treatment, while other three sets of drought
stressed plants were used with various concentration of omeprazole
231
Physiology
treatment (i.e., 10, 20, and 40 µM OMP respectively). After 21 days of foliar
application of omeprazole various parameters were measured, including
water relation parameters, morphological parameters, the quantum yield of
photosystem-II, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), fast chlorophyll a
fluorescence (OJIP curve analysis), and biomass. Plants biomass,
chlorophyll content, quantum yield of photosystem-II, RWC, Fm, Fj, Fi, Fv,
Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, Fm/Fo, PIabs, ΦPo, Ѱo declined under drought stress. But
this decline was minimum in 10 µM OMP treated plants. While Fo, Vj, ΦDo,
and Dio/RC increased under drought stress. It was observed that this
increase was minimum in 10 µM OMP treated plants. It was also observed
that PS-II of variety D-6619 was more susceptible to photoinhibition than
variety D-3366 under drought stress but application of 10 µM OMP
increased the drought tolerance in both varieties. This is because of increase
in chlorophyll content, reduction in inactivation of reaction centres of PS-II
and it also reduce the hindrance in transport of electrons from one electron
acceptor to another in electron transport chain.
Keywords: Maize, omeprazole, foliar spray, drought stress
of Drought on Growth,
Photosynthetic Pigments and Chlorophyll
Fluorescence of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties
1 1 1 1
Misbah Sehar , Laiba Batool , Ayesha Riaz , Hira Nawazish Ali ,
1 1 1 2
Tayyaba Rafique , Iqra Rafiq , Amna Bibi , Muhammad Arsalan ,
1,2 1 2*
Faiza Samreen and Shehrooz Afzal ,
1
Department of Botany, Punjab College Mian Channu 58000, Khanewal
2
Email: shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Drought is a major environmental stressor that significantly impacts the

growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.), a vital staple crop
worldwide. This study investigates the effects of drought stress on maize
growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) and
chlorophyll fluorescence, a key indicator of photosynthetic efficiency. Two
maize varieties (2266 and DK8148) plants were subjected to drought stress,
and various growth parameters, including plant height, and biomass, were
measured. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed to assess the
functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus under water-deficit conditions.
The results revealed a substantial decline in growth metrics, with reduced
plant height, leaf area, and overall biomass accumulation under drought
stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis indicated a significant reduction in
the maximum quantum efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm), suggesting
impaired photosynthetic performance. The decline in fluorescence
parameters, particularly in the quantum yield and electron transport rate,
underscores the detrimental impact of drought on the photosynthetic
machinery, leading to reduced energy capture and conversion efficiency in
maize. These findings highlight the sensitivity of maize to drought stress,
particularly in terms of growth and photosynthetic efficiency, as reflected by
232
Physiology
chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Understanding these responses is
crucial for developing strategies to enhance drought tolerance in maize
thereby ensuring sustainable crop production in the face of increasing water
scarcity.
INCPS-2024-109 Unlocking the Potential of Co-applied

AMF and Plant Meditated Magnesium Nanoparticles
on Cauliflower Growth under Salt Stress
1 1
Tahira Hafeez , Mussarat Qamar
1
Islamia university bahawalpur, Pakistan
Email: tahirahafeez66@gmail.com
Salinity is one of the major threats to an agriculture production system and

limits plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from
a mutualistic association with the majority of land plants and play an
important role in stress tolerance. In the present study, effects of mycorrhizal
treatments, i.e., single species AMF (Rhizoglomusintraradices ), formulated
AMF and moringa based MgO NPs and non NPs along with control
(nonmycorrhizal) on growth, yield performance, and metabolic changes in
cauliflower crop under salinity stress was examined in a completely
randomized design with four replications. The results revealed that AMF
inoculation mitigated the negative effects of salinity in cauliflower due to
higher nutrient uptake, accumulation of compatible osmolytes, and lower
cellular leakage of electrolytes which in turn enhanced biomass production,
chlorophyll synthesis, yield, and growth attributes. The foliar applications of
MgO-NPs substantially enhanced the biomass, root length, and flower height
-
under Cl salt but a positive effect was found in improving water content. NPs
increased Brassica oleracea var. the soluble sugar and protein of the salinity
-
treated plants. The exogenous treatment of MgO-Np reduces the Cl uptake
while enhances the nutrient (K, Mg and NO3) content in the plant. Moreover,
NPs increased photosynthetic pigments and carotenoid content. It concluded
that MgO-NPs and AMF have the potential to improve the growth and floral
properties of Brassica oleracea var. when cultivated with saline resources.
Keywords: Salt stress, Nanoparticles, AMF and cauliflower plant
of Potassium Deficiency on
Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency of Potential
Oilseed Crop Til (Sesamum indicum L.)
*
Aghna Javed , Shehrooz Afzal, Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi, Sania Faiz,
Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar, Zafar Ullah Zafar
Email: 17bsbot28439@gmail.com
Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient that is crucial in plant growth,

development, and physiological processes, particularly in oilseed crops like
233
Physiology
sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). This study aimed to evaluate the influence
of potassium deficiency on growth parameters, and photosynthetic efficiency
(specifically PSII) in sesame. In this study, two-week-old sesame plants were
subjected to varying K levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 mM). Results indicated that
moderate to optimum K levels (2 and 3mM) enhanced the growth of sesame
plants. Conversely, both very low and very high K levels resulted in
decreased growth rates for sesame. Additionally, low K application increased
Fo and decreased Fv/Fo, and PIabs, in sesame plants.The decline in PIABS
was associated with a decline in active reaction center density and electron
transport efficiency and an increase in heat dissipation. Overall, this study
highlights the critical role of potassium in sustaining optimal growth, and
photosynthetic activity in sesame, suggesting that adequate K supply is
essential for maximizing growth, and photosynthetic activity in this
economically important crop.
Keywords: Potassium, Fo, Fv/Fo, Sesamum indicum
INCPS-2024-239 Role
of Aqueous Infusion of Processed
Leaves of Camelia sinensis L. in Growth Promotion
of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Plants after Exposure
to Elevated Barium Levels
*
Sania Faiz , Shehrooz Afzal, Aghna Javed, Nimra Iqbal, Shahnaz
Bibi, Sadia Bilal, Sania Naseer, Ume Ammara Liaqat, Seema
Mahmood
Email: 17bsbot28441@gmail.com: shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Elevated barium (Ba) levels in soil pose a significant threat to plant growth
and development, reducing agricultural productivity. Abelmoschus
esculentus L. (okra), an important crop, is particularly vulnerable to heavy
metal stress. To mitigate the adverse effects of barium toxicity, natural plant-
based treatments have gained attention. This study explores the potential of
an aqueous infusion of processed Camellia sinensis L. leaves (green tea) in
promoting the growth of two A. esculentus L. varieties (Sabzpari and
FLIMZY) under elevated barium conditions. Tea, known for its antioxidant
and metal-chelating properties, was hypothesized to enhance tolerance to
barium-induced stress. Okra plants were exposed to barium concentrations
(0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM) and treated with 1% C. sinensis aqueous infusion.
Growth parameters such as shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and
root lengths, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and
PSII activity were assessed. The results indicated that elevated barium
levels did not significantly reduce growth or photosynthetic pigment content
in either variety, though the two varieties responded differently. PSII activity
(Fo, Fv/Fm, and ETRo/RC) showed nonsignificant results for barium and C.
sinensis applications. The variety Sabzpari showed higher Fo values under
barium levels which is an indication of damage to the PSII reaction centers.
Fv/Fm and ETRo/RC results were found non-significant. Overall results
234
Physiology
showed that the application of barium to okra plants showed non-significant
results. However, FLIMZY was found more resistant to Ba.
Keywords: Barium, Abelmoschus esculentus, Camellia sinensis, Fo, Fv/Fm, and
ETRo/RC
INCPS-2024-244 Potential of Menthol as Growth

Promoting Agent in Some Summer Vegetable
Species of the Family Cucurbitaceae under Drought
Stress
Nimra Iqbal*, Shehrooz Afzal, Muhammad Adnan, Sania Faiz,
Aghna Javed, Sadia Bilal, Shahnaz Bibi, Sania Naseer, Seema
Mahmood
Email: nimorani6261@gmail.com: shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Drought stress is a major limiting factor affecting the growth and yield of
summer vegetable crops, particularly in the Cucurbitaceae family. Menthol is
a bioactive compound with antioxidant and stress-mitigating properties, as a
growth-promoting agent under drought conditions.Menthol, a natural organic
compound with well-known bioactive properties, has been explored for its
potential as a growth-promoting agent in various plant species. This study
investigates the effect of menthol application (0, 25 and 50%) on
Praecitrullusfistulosus L. (tinda) growth and physiological responses under
drought stress. The effects on key growth parameters were evaluated, such
as shoot, root fresh, and dry weight, RWC (%), QYPSII, and photosynthetic
pigments (chlorophyll & carotenoids). Additionally, physiological responses
related to drought tolerance, including relative water content (RWC), and
chlorophyll fluorescence (OJIP) were assessed. Results indicated that
drought stress has significantly decreased the growth attributes,
photosynthetic pigments, and QYPSII but menthol application, particularly at
50%, significantly improved plant growth and physiological attributes under
drought stress. The overall result declared that menthol application to tinda
plants had improved their efficiency under drought stress.
INCPS-2024-245 Ameliorating
the Effects of Drought
Stress on Morpho-physiological, Antioxidants
Activity and Yield Components of Maize through
Biostimulants Application
*1 1
Hafiz Mohkum Hammad , Zainab Sarwar Alvi , Khuram
1 2 2, 3
Mubeen , Sarfaraz Hashim , Saeed Ahmad Shafqat Saeed
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental
Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan-
66000 Punjab Pakistan
235
Physiology
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Bio System
Engineering and Technology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan-66000
Punjab Pakistan
3
Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental
Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan-66000 Punjab Pakistan
Email: hafizmohkum@gmail.com
Maize is third major cereal crop of world and cultivated on large scale for
human food and animal feed. However, drought stress is a major threat to
the sustainable maize productivity in arid regions. Hence, there is urgent
need to explore the mitigation strategies to decrease the adverse effects of
drought stress on maize crop and enhance maize productivity under drought
stress conditions. In this regard, biostimulants might be environment
ecofriendly mitigation strategy to minimize the adverse effects of drought
stress on maize crop. Therefore, a consecutive two years field trial was
conducted to evaluate the effects of individual and consortia application of
biostimulants viz; control, Smoke water, Trichoderma harzianum, Bavaria
bassianaandMetarhizium anisopliae on morphophysiological traits,
antioxidants activity and yield components of maize crop under well-watered
and drought stress conditions. The results of the study indicated the maize
crop showed superior response to the consortia of biostimulants as
compared with individual biostimulants. However, maize crop exhibited the
maximum grain yield (42-51%) and biological yield (37-43%) with the
application of consortia of biostimulants including Trichoderma harzianum,
Bavaria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae that attributed to increased
relative water contents (35-41%), stomatal conductance (35-37%), water use
efficiency (37-42%), chlorophyll contents (23-27%) and net leaf
photosynthetic rate (38-44%) in comparison to control under drought stress
conditions. Moreover, the same microbial consortia also led to a significant
reduction in malondialdehyde concentration (36-39%) owning to a marked
increase in proline contents (43-59%), superoxide dismutase (52-57%) and
peroxidase (43-46%) under drought stress conditions. The findings conclude
that the consortia application of Trichoderma harzianum, Bavaria bassiana
and Metarhizium anisopliae, is the best agricultural practices to alleviate the
adverse effects of drought stress on morphophysiological traits, antioxidants
activity and enhance the grain yield of the maize crop under drought stress
conditions.
INCPS-2024-246 Oxidative
Stress Induced by Changing
Moisture Content of Soil in Luffa aegyptiacaMill, and
Antioxidative Capacity of Tea Leaves using Time
Gradient Extraction Method
Samra Batool, Shehrooz Afzal, Laraib Iftikhar, Sania Faiz, Ume
Ammara Liaqat and Seema Mahmood
Email:samrabatool@815gmail.com
236
Physiology
Oxidative stress is a complex chemical and physiological phenomenon that
accompanies virtually all biotic and abiotic stresses in higher plants and
develops as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Impact of soil
moisture variation cause oxidative stress in Luffa aegyptiacaMill (Sponge
guard) and evaluate the antioxidative capacity of tea leaves. Fluctuations in
soil moisture particularly drought which cause the oxidative stress in plant by
production of ROS H2O2 leading cellular damage. The current study
evaluated leaves extract of tea which highly rich in antioxidant enzyme, such
as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase
(CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and flavonoids were analyzed for ROS
scavenging ability. Application of tea leaves which help the plant to retain
moisture. Experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant capacity to
combat the oxidative stress occur due to drought. Concentration of tea
-1 -1
leaves (5g L and 10g L ) extract was given through root media after one
week interval to check the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll
fluorescence of Luffa aegyptiaca. Results indicated that drought stress has
decreased the growth and physiological attributes of luffa plants. While
-1
application of tea leaves (10g L ) enhanced the growth attributes i-e shoot,
root fresh/dry weight), number of tendrils and tendrils length. Chlorophyll and
-1
carotenoids were found maximum under 5g L .Additionally, chlorophyll a
fluorescence as FO, PIabs and ETo/RC were also measured. Results declared
that Fo was found maximum under drought stress which showed the issue in
efficiency of the PSII in luffa plants. PIabs& ETo/RC values were found lower
under drought stress while tea leaves application enhanced the mean values
for both parameters. This conclude that tea leaves serve as natural source of
antioxidant capable of countering oxidative stress in biological system. This
research provides insight into the relationship between soil moisture induced
oxidative stress and plant resilience.
Keywords:PIabs& ETo/RC, Luffa aegyptiaca
INCPS-2024-247 Antioxidative
Capacity of Cinnamon
Extract in Reducing Adverse Effects of
AluminumToxicity in Cucurbita maxima L. Plants
Shahnaz Bibi, Shehrooz Afzal, Sadia Bilal, Sania Naseer, Ume
Amara Liaqat and Seema Mahmood
Institute of Botany Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800, Pakistan
Emails: shahnazkhadim74@gmail.com: shehroozafzal@student.bzu.edu.pk
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a significant abiotic stressor that negatively affects

plant growth and physiological functions, particularly in acidic soils. This
study investigates the antioxidative capacity of cinnamon bark extract in
mitigating the adverse effects of aluminum toxicity on Cucurbita maximum L.
-1
(pumpkin) plants. Plants were treated with Al (0, 0.05, 0.1 & 0.2g Kg ) and
supplemented with varying concentrations of cinnamon extract (0, 5, 10 &
20%) was foliarly applied to assess its potential protective role. Key growth
parameters (Biomass), chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency,
including QYPSII (quantum yield of PSII), Fo (minimum fluorescence), Fv/Fm
237
Physiology
(maximum quantum efficiency of PSII), PIabs (performance index), and
ETRo/RC (electron transport rate per reaction center), were evaluated. The
results demonstrated that aluminum toxicity significantly reduced plant
growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency, with marked
declines in QYPSII, Fv/Fm, PIabs, and ETRo/RC, while Fo values increased,
indicating damage to PSII. However, plants treated with cinnamon extract
showed significant improvements in these parameters. Cinnamon's
antioxidative properties helped alleviate oxidative stress, restoring PSII
functionality and enhancing plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity. The findings
suggest that cinnamon extract could be an effective natural remedy to
reduce the harmful effects of aluminum stress on pumpkins, promoting
growth and photosynthetic performance.
Keywords: QYPSII, PIabs, Cucurbita maximum, Cinnamon
INCPS-2024-250 Alleviationof metal toxicity by cellulosic

and lignin-derived material in a medicinal herb
(Coriandrum sativum L.) under exceeding levels
of Aluminum
*
Qudsia Batool, Shehrooz Afzal , Laraib Iftikhar, Samra Batool,
Shama Subhan, Sania Naseer, Sania Faiz, Shahnaz Bibi, Sadia
Bilal, Seema Mahmood
Metal toxicity, particularly aluminum (Al), poses a significant threat to plant

growth and development, affecting various physiological and biochemical
processes. Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), a medicinal herb with notable
therapeutic value, is highly sensitive to excessive aluminum levels, which
impair growth and photosynthetic pigment production. This study
investigates the potential of cellulosic and lignin-derived materials as
bioremediation to alleviate aluminum toxicity in coriander. The experiment
involved treating coriander plants with aluminum stress (0, 50, and 100 mg
-1
Kg ) and applying cellulosic and lignin-based materials (Sawdust) i-e 0, 50,
-1
and 100 mg Kg to evaluate their effects on plant growth, photosynthetic
pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). The results revealed that sawdust,
at all tested concentrations, showed non-significant effects on plant growth
and photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and
carotenoids) under increasing aluminum levels. While aluminum
concentrations showed a significant difference in growth and photosynthetic
pigment. On the other hand, aluminum along with sawdust application
showed a reduction in growth chlorophyll concentrations compared to
untreated controls. This suggests that sawdust, as a cellulosic material, may
not effectively mitigate aluminum toxicity in coriander under the tested
conditions. These findings highlight the need for further exploration of other
organic materials or combinations to develop strategies for alleviating metal
toxicity in sensitive crops like coriander.
238
Physiology
Keywords:Aluminum, Sawdust, Metal toxicity, Photosynthetic pigment
INCPS-2024-252 Effects of Exogenously Applied Proline

through Different Modes on Growth and
Photosynthesis of Wheat
1* 1 1
Tariq Aziz , Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi , Sawera , Neha Allah
2 1 1 1
Ditta , Waresha Javed , Hira Anwar Ansari , Muhammad Umar ,
1 1
Zafar Ullah Zafar , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
1
2
Email: taziz4503@gmail.com
In the present study, effects of exogenously applied proline through different

modes on growth and photosynthesis of wheat were studied. For this
purpose, a pot experiment was performed at the Botanical Garden of
Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan. The experimental design was
CRD with 2 cultivars (galaxy-13 and S-24), four exogenous proline
treatments (0 mM without proline, 10 mM root applied proline, 100 mM foliar
application, and 15 mM seed priming) two salinity levels (0 mM and 200 mM)
and four replicates. After three weeks of germination, physiological attributes
were measured including total chlorophyll contents (SPAD), the quantum
yield of PSII and rapid light responsive curve. Salinity stress significantly
reduced the plant growth and photosynthesis. However, exogenous
application of proline improved the growth (fresh and dry weight, shoot and
root length) and photosynthesis of wheat plants under saline and non-saline
conditions. Proline application by various modes improved photosynthetic
efficiency, with significant increase in quantum yield of PSII and total
chlorophyll contents. Proline applied plants improved the PSII and PSI
activity by improving ETRI, ETRII and cyclic electron transport rate. Salinity
significantly decreased the water potential and osmotic potential in both
cultivars of wheat under saline conditions. However, proline application
enhanced the water potential of both cultivars under saline and non-saline
conditions. Cultivar-specific responses were observed, with Galaxy-13
showing increased root length and S-24 exhibiting increased quantum yield
of PSII. Salinity induced varying effects on photosynthetic parameters,
including decrease in Fv/Fm, Fm and LEF, and increases in ФNPQ and qL.
Exogenous proline application enhanced salinity tolerance in wheat cultivars
by improving growth and photosynthetic efficiency, highlighting its potential
as a stress-mitigating agent.
INCPS-2024-253 ExploringPGPB Mediated Chromium

Detoxification by Antioxidant Defence System in
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Muhammad Salim Akhter
Email: msalimakhter82@gmail.com
239
Physiology
Soil contaminated by heavy metals is a major issue of current world due to

rapid industrialization. The plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) are
being utilized to enhance plant growth, development and yield by successful
phytoremediation of polluted metal surfaces soils with a considerable
decrease in metal contents in edible parts of plants. This trial was design to
determine the ameliorative role of PGPR (Bacillus cereus and Bacillus
aerius) on biochemical, physiological and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.) varieties (Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019) grown in 60 mg Kg-1 chromium
(Cr: K2Cr2O7) contaminated soil. The germination % (54%) was significantly
reduced with delayed germination and lengthier mean germination time
(53%) under Cr toxicity, while PGPR application enhanced these attributes
either under control or Cr stressed plants. A noticeable decline in biomass
accumulation (43%); shoot length (39%); number of tillers (50%); spike
length (16%), yield per plant (37%) and 1000 grain weight (26%) was
observed in wheat plants under stress. The decrease in chlorophyll contents
(39%) associated with reduction in absorption and transport of electron
through electron transport chain of thylakoid membrane (ABS/RC, ETo/RC,
TRo/RC) with a subsequent increase in Mo and Dio/RC resulted in lowered
efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in wheat crop grown in contaminated soil with Cr.
However, the presence of PGPR in growing media ameliorated the harmful
consequences of Cr by stabilizing the integrity of thylakoid membrane (13%)
and chlorophyll molecules (31%) either under non-contaminated or Cr
polluted soils. Similarly, under Cr stress the PGPR significantly reduced
H2O2 (- 44%) synthesis while the actions of antioxidants enzymatic (POD,
SOD, CAT, APX and GR) and non-enzymatic (AsA, proline, α-tocopherol and
total glutathione) were enhanced that reduced lipid peroxidation (-24%)
resulting in better growth and yield. The PGPR inoculation also lowered Cr
concentration in roots and leaves (38% and 30%) that were significantly
enhance (477% and 136%) in wheat crop grown in Cr polluted soils. Based
on the outcome the bacterial strains; Bacillus cereus and B. aeriuseffectively
ameliorated the toxic effects of Cr and produced a significant enhancement
in growth and productivity of both wheat varieties that behaved almost
similar to Cr stress and PGPR application.
Key words: Antioxidants, Chromium, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Plant Growth
Promoting Rhizobacteria, Total soluble sugars, Translocation factor Cr, Wheat, Yield,
α-amylase activity
of Proline Application through
Rooting Medium on Water Status, Photosynthetic
Pigments, PSII-activity, and Electron Transport
Efficiency of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt
Stress
240
Physiology
1* 1 2
Sawera , Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi , Neha Allah Ditta , Hira
1 1 1
Anwar Ansari , Tariq Aziz , Zafar Ullah Zafar and Habib-ur-
1
Rehman Athar
1
2
Email: sawerasahil991@gmail.com
In the present study, the effects of proline application through rooting

medium on water status, photosynthetic pigments, PSII activity and electron
transport efficiency of two wheat cultivars Galaxy-13 and S-24 were studied.
Experimental design was completely randomized including two wheat
varieties, Galaxy-13 and S-24, four exogenous treatments of proline, two
-
salinity levels (0 mM proline, 10 mM proline, 200 mM NaCl , 10 mM proline +
-
200 mM NaCl ) and four replications. After 21 days of proline and salinity
treatments, different parameters were measured. Plant biomass, QY, SPAD,
total soluble proteins, total free amino acids increased with the exogenously
applied proline (10 mM). Plant biomass, quantum yield and total chlorophyll
contents increased in exogenous proline (10 mM) treated plants in both two
cultivars (Galaxy-13, S-24) but the results were more profound in S-24
cultivar. However, salinity (200 mM) decreased the photosynthetic rate in
both cultivars equally. Total soluble proteins increased in salinity given plants
in both cultivars and the level of total free amino acids also increased more
prominently in Galaxy-13 cultivar indicating it as a protective mechanism to
cope with oxidative damage. Production of Hydrogen peroxide and
malondialdehyde elevated in response to salinity exposure particularly in S-
24 cultivar. Exogenous proline increased the rate of Fm, Fv/Fm, ɸ NO, vH+
and gH+ while salinity increased Fo level. Salinity caused reduction in the
leaf water potential and leaf osmotic potential to a large extent in both
cultivars of wheat. However, elevation in leaf turgor potential was observed
by the exposure of salinity in both two cultivars. Activity of YII, ERTII, YI and
ETRI was enhanced by the exposure of exogenously applied proline. These
results were more prominent in S-24 cultivar indicating it as salt tolerant
variety and Galaxy-13 as a salt sensitive variety of wheat.
INCPS-2024-256 Effect of Chromium on Growth and
Biochemical Attributes of Spinach (Spinacia
oleracea)
1* 1 2 2
Neha , Uzma Nasrullah , Sawera , Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi ,
1 1 2 1
Ayesha Yousaf , Zubair Zaheer , Tariq Aziz , Freeha Taj ,
1
Fareeha Shireen
1
2
Email: nehasahil898@gmail.com
Chromium is a noxious heavy metal detrimental to plant growth. Long term

irrigation of vegetable crops such as spinach with untreated wastewater
released from industrial processes cause excessive accumulation of Cr in
soil and subsequently into the crop. This study was conducted with the aim
to evaluate the effect of Cr on growth and biochemical attributes of spinach,
241
Physiology
and to find the toxic level of Cr impairing spinach growth. A pot experiment
was performed and seedlings of desi spinach were exposed to five Cr
concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM). Experiment was laid out
according to Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications of each
treatment having three pots in each replication. Data was collected for root
length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, relative
chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content,
electrolyte leakage, Cr concentration in root and shoot, Cr translocation
efficiency, relative water content, leaf water potential, and total soluble solids
of leaves. Collected data was evaluated statistically through ANOVA and
significance was tested by means of Least Significance Difference (LSD) test
at probability level of 5%. Results indicated that the application of 100 µM
caused significant reduction in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll
content, root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight and relative water
content of spinach. At 100 µM concentration of Cr, electrolyte leakage, Cr
concentration in shoots, Cr concentration in roots and Cr translocation
efficiency were significantly enhanced.
Keywords: Chromium, Biomass, SPAD, Relative water content, water potential,
growth Spinach.
INCPS-2024-257 Effect of Biochar on PSI and PSII Activity

of Luffa aegyptiaca (Sponge gourd) under Drought
Stress
1* 1 1
Amna Ehsan ,Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar , Zafar Ullah Zafar Iqra
1 2 2 2
Malik , Nazar Hussain , Abid Niaz , Aneela kanwal , Wareesha
2
javed
1
Email: amna45618@gmail.com
Drought stress is a major environmental constraint causes alteration in

physiological and biochemical processes, limited the water uptake through
roots, decline in leaf water content and turgor loss in plants leading poor
plant water status. It affects the cell turgor, cell enlargement, cell elongation
and cell division. Biochar is a carbon-rich material that has capacity to
improves soil water retention, improve long term productivity and increase
agricultural yield. This study was purposed to evaluate the effect biochar on
physiological and biochemical attributes or PSI and PSII activity on luffa
aegyptiaca under drought stress. This research was conducted through field
experiment in the Botanical Garden of Bahauddin Zakariya University,
Multan, Pakistan. The experiment was a completely randomized design with
four treatments (control, control + biochar, Drought, and drought +
biochar).Biochar is a promising solution to alleviate the negative impacts of
drought stress on Luffa aegyptiaca production. Key parameters measured
included plant biomass, relative water content, water potential, osmotic
potential, the levels of stress indicators such as chlorophyll contents,
chlorophyll a fluorescence, proline contents, protein content, amino acid
content, antioxidant enzyme activity, ions analysis of sodium, potassium,
242
Physiology
calcium, magnesium, zinc and photosignQ parameters (ECSTmAU, ECS-
tau, gH+, VH+, Fs, Foꞌ, Ꝋ2, ꝊNPQ, qL, NPQt, ꝊNO, Fvꞌ/Fmꞌ). The results
demonstrated that biochar application notably improved drought resilience,
as evidenced by increased plant biomass and length, improved water
retention, quantum yield of PSII, and enhanced biochemical responses
compared to drought. Moreover, biochar application changed the
ECSTmAU, ECS-tau, Foꞌ, Fvꞌ/Fmꞌ, Fsꞌ, ꝊNO, ꝊNPQt, in Luffa aegyptiaca
plants indicating changes in PSII and PSI activity. Biochar-induced changes
in energy fluxes for absorption, trapping, electron transport, and heat
dissipation per reaction center indicated that Luffa had better ability to
process absorbed light energy through photosynthetic machinery. Thus, the
application of biochar is a promising solution to enhance the growth, root
morphology, and physiological characteristics of Luffa plants under drought
stress.
Keywords: Biochar effect, Sponge gourd, Water-retention capacity, Biochar, Drought
stress, Luffa.
INCPS-2024-23 Growth Improvement in Wheat (Triticum

aestivum L.) due to Exogenous Proline is Associated
with Regulation of Donor End of PSII and Cyclic
Electron Transport
1* 1*
Aneela Kanwal Shahzadi , Habib ur Rahman Athar , Zafar Ullah
1
Zafar
1
Email: habibathar@gmail.com: aneelakshahzadi@gmail.com
Amino acid proline usually accumulates in plants as an osmoprotectant

under normal or stress conditions. Exogenously applied proline can improve
plant growth under non‐stress or abiotic stress conditions. However, the
physiological basis of proline-induced improvement in growth is not known
yet. An experiment was conducted to assess proline-induced improvement in
growth, photosynthetic efficiency of wheat plants in general, and
photosystem II (PSII) structural stability and functional activity, in particular.
Ten-day-old wheat (cv. S-24) plants were sprayed with different proline
concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 400 mM). Structural stability of PSII (OJIP
and JIP-test analysis) and efficiencies of PSII and PSI (through rapid light
rd
response curve analysis) were recorded after the 3 week of proline
application. The application of 100 mM proline improved the growth of wheat
plants and 400 mM proline application had negative effects on the growth of
wheat plants. Chlorophyll content and quantum yield of PSII remained
unchanged due to proline application. Proline improved the structural
stability of PSII (OJIP) in wheat as indicated by changes in the L-, K- band,
J-I, and I-P phases. These results indicate the improvement in energetic
connectivity between the antenna and reaction center, and the oxygen-
evolving complex (OEC) and reaction center. However, the performance
243
Physiology
index and Mo remained the same by proline application. Application of a
higher concentration of proline (400 mM) reduced the ABS/RC, TRo/RC, and
ETo/RC but DIo/RC, and REo/RC remained unchanged. Proline also
increased the functional activities of PSII and PSI, electron transport through
PSI (ETRI), and cyclic electron transport (CET), while reducing NPQ.
Although 400 mM proline did not change the PSII and PSI, it reduced the
electron transport from PSII to PSI, and CET. It is concluded that 100 mM
proline improved wheat growth by improving PSII structural stability and
functional activity and regulating electron transport via CET. In contrast, the
higher dose of proline reduced both linear and cyclic electron transport.
of Phosphorous Application on
Electron Transport Chain rate (OJIP) in Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) and Canola (Brassica napus
L.)
Shehrooz Afzal, Sana Zaryab, Seema Mahmood, Habib-Ur-
Rehman Athar and Zafar Ullah Zafar
Institute of Botany Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800 Pakistan
Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient that plays role in various

physiological processes such as photosynthesis. In most of the agricultural
soils, only a small fraction is readily available to plants. Phosphate fertilizers
are being used to address phosphorus deficiency. However, a major fraction
of applied phosphorus becomes locked in the soil, thus optimum dose of
phosphate fertilizer should be used. Since phosphate deficiency causes a
decline in photosynthesis and growth, it is updated to assess photosynthetic
efficiency (specifically Photosystem II) as a non-invasive indicator of plant
health. In this study, three weeks old plants of wheat variety Dilkhus-21 and
canola variety AARI were subjected to various phosphorus levels (12.5, 25,
-1
32, 62, and 124 mg L ). Results indicated that moderate to optimal
-1
phosphorus levels (25 and 62 mg L ) enhanced the growth of both wheat
and canola plants. Conversely, both very low and very high phosphorus
levels resulted in decreased growth rates for Canola. Additionally, low
phosphorus application increased Fo and decreased Fv/Fo, and PIABS in
both wheat and canola plants. The decline in PIABS in both plant species was
associated with decline in active reaction center density and electron
transport efficiency and an increase in heat dissipation. However, wheat is
more efficient for low phosphorous tolerance.
Abbreviations:Fo: Minimum fluorescence of OJIP; Fv/Fm: maximum quantum yield
of PSII; PIABS: Performance index for energy conservation from photon absorbed by
PSII antenna to reduction of QB.
of Aerial Fertigation of Zinc
Oxide Nanoparticles on Some Winter Vegetables to
Alleviate Drought Stress Condition
244
Physiology
*
Zahra Falak , Ghulam Umul Banin, Zahra Ijaz, Sana Zaryab,
Hunza Fatima, Ayesha Hayat, Shamsa Kanwal, Haiqa Khalid,
Irum Batool, Sibgha Noreen, Seema Mahmood
Email:zahrafalak559@gmail.com
Drought stress significantly affects the plants and decreases the crop yield
and productivity all over the world. However, recently, zinc oxide
nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been used as an innovative strategy for crops
yield and highlighting the potential as a valuable tool in sustainable
agriculture practices to ameliorate drought stress. Hence a field study was
planned in the Botanic Garden of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan to
observe the effects of ZnONPs at various concentrations i.e., 0,50,100, 200
& 300ppm on turnip (Brassica rapa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and
carrot (Daucus carota L.) crops under both control and drought stress
condition. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD).
Results showed that drought stress caused a significant reduction in growth,
colored pigments of leaves, and antioxidant system of all these three
vegetables. However, aerial application of various regimes of ZnONPs
enhance all the vegetables' morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes.
Moreover, among various regimes of ZnONPs the dose @100ppm was
significantly improved biomass production in terms of shoot and root weight,
photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD, APX), non-
enzymatic (ascorbic acid, proline) activity, proteins and amino acids content
and secondary metabolites (flavonoids and phenolics) under both control
and drought stress condition. On the other hand, oxidants (H2O2 and MDA)
also increased under control and under drought-stress conditions. Data
based on results presented that foliar application of ZnONPs, under drought
stress is compliant in the enhancement of growth and productivity of turnip,
radish, and carrot plants.
INCPS-2024-161 Screening
of Wheat Genotypes using
Growth and Physiological Attributes at Seedling
Stage under Drought Stress
Halima Nawaz
HEC
Email:halimarana26@gmail.com
The implications of shortage of water supply around the globe are becoming
worse by every passing day due to the challenges of food production and
calamities brought on by climatic changes due to global warming posing
negative impacts globally on the grain production, specifically on cereal
crops including wheat. Based on previous problem of drought stresses an
experiment was conducted in order to determine the selection criteria for
drought-tolerant wheat genotypes at the seedling stage considering
morphological and photosynthetic pigments. The research was conducted up
to seedling stage for 3 replications by applying Completely Randomized
245
Physiology
Design (CRD) to check the response of wheat under drought stress
conditions. Wheat was grown up to seedling stage and different attributes of
morphology and leaf pigments were measured. The recorded data was
analyzed by using Statistic 8.1 Software. Results of present study concluded
that the shoot length (14.20 cm), their fresh (0.40g) as well as dry weight
(0.19 g) decrease with increasing level of drought stress while the root
length (9.20 cm) their fresh (0.67 g) as well as dry weight (0.33 g) increase
with increasing level of drought stress. Maximum reduction of leaf
-1
photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a (2.16 mg g ), chlorophyll b
-1
(6.28 mgg ), total chlorophyll contents (8.44 mg g-1) and total carotenoids
-1
contents (3.17 mgg ) were noted in treatment where drought stress was
applied at the rate of 35% F.C then all others treatment. Among all of the
examined wheat varieties the ANAJ genotype of wheat performed better and
is considered as drought tolerant.
INCPS-2024-171 Improving
Drought Tolerance in Brinjal
(Solanum melongena) by Foliar Application of
Biochar Emission Solution
1* 1 2
Nazar Hussain , Abid Niaz ,Abdul Rehman , Muhammad
2 2 2 1
Waqas , Amna Ehsan , Iqra Malik , Zafar Ullah Zafar , and Habib-
1
ur-Rahman Athar
1
Email: nazarhussainsst@gmail.com
Drought stress is a serious threat to sustainable crop production throughout

the world especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Biochar has been
proposed as a new approach to improve long-term productivity and water
use efficiency. The study was purposed to evaluate the potential of biochar
in enhancing the physiological and biochemical attributes of drought
tolerance in brinjal plants. The study was conducted as a field experiment in
the Botanical Garden of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments
(control, control + biochar, Drought, and drought + biochar) and two biochar
doses (0 and 0.5% applied by weight). Drought stress negatively affected the
plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency of brinjal while biochar
applications alleviated the negative impacts of drought stress. Key
parameters measured included plant growth, relative water contents, water
potential, and the levels of stress indicators such as chlorophyll contents,
chlorophyll a fluorescence, proline contents, protein contents, amino acid
contents and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results demonstrated that
biochar application notably improved drought resilience, as evidenced by
increased plant height, improved water retention, quantum yield of PSII, and
enhanced biochemical responses compared to drought. Moreover, biochar
application changed the Fo, Fm, Fv/Fo, and -PIABS, in brinjal plants indicating
changes in PSII activity. Biochar-induced changes in energy fluxes for
absorption, trapping, electron transport, and heat dissipation per reaction
center indicated that Brinjal had better ability to process absorbed light
246
Physiology
energy through photosynthetic machinery. These findings suggest that
biochar emission solutions could serve as a promising agronomic practice to
mitigate drought stress in brinjal cultivation, offering potential benefits for
sustainable agriculture in arid regions.
Keywords: Biochar, Crop drought resistance, Water-retention capacity, Biochar,
Drought, PIABS
of Exogenous Application of
Nano-Biochar on Growth and Physiological
Responses of Corn (Zea Mays L) under Water Stress
1 1 1
Hamida Akbar , Misbah Amir , Muhammad Umar , Babar
1 1 1 1
Hussain , Raina Gul , Noor Ul Ain Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar ,
1
Zafar Ullah Zafar
1
Email: Hamidaakbar044@gmail.com
Crop growth and productivity to a greater extent controlled in water limited

situation which is termed as drought stress. The utilization of nano-biochar
has gained attention as a potential strategy to mitigate adverse effects of
water stress on plant growth. Present study investigates the growth
performance and mineral nutrient status of corn (Zea mays L.) under water
stress conditions with application of nano-biochar. Maize is most important
cereal whose production is badly affected by drought stress of two maize
genotypes (D-3366 and D-6619) with nano-biochar. A randomized
experiment is designed with three treatments 0%, 0.5% and 1% of nano-
biochar in Botanical garden, Biopark, Bahuddin Zakariya University, Multan
under different parameters i.e total chlorophyll content and quantum yield
was measured 1% of nano-biochar treatment demonstrated highest values
in both verities in control and drought-stressed plants as effected more in D-
6619 than D-3366, similarily in drought conditions osmotic and water
potential found negative, indicating higher stress, while 1% of nano-biochar
control and drought plants maintain higher osmotic and water potentials with
greater relative water content. The control plants with 1% of nano biochar
exhibited the best growth, but the variety (D-3366) showed better growth. In
drought stress a decrease in values of Fj, Fm, Fv and Fm was observed. In
D-6619 there is an increase of ratio of Fv/Fo and in D-3366 increase in Pi-
Abs value. Values of TRO/RC, ABS/RC Dlo/RC decreased in 3366 and
increase in D6619. Ψw and ΦPo were higher in the maize variety (D-6619)
than in the control, while in maize variety (D-3366) these two variables were
noted lower in concentration as similar trend for Mo. It is concluded that the
Maize variety (D-3366) was drought tolerant, while D-6619 drought sensitive.
Under drought condition D-3366 displayed more or less tolerantbehavior
where D-6619 proved to be drought sensitive having lower values of various
physiological parameter.
Keywords: Crop, Growth, Physiological response, Drought Stress, Nano-biochar
247
Physiology
INCPS-2024-234 Screening and Selection at All

Developmental Stages: A Prerequisite for Optimizing
Plant Performance
1 2
Hafiza Saima Gul , Habib ur Rehman Athar and Zafar Ullah
3
Zafar
1,2,3
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.
Email: saimagul586@yahoo.com
Plant salt tolerance is one of the most significant abiotic factors that limit
canola crop production. Understanding the mechanisms of response to this
stress is critical for developing and producing salt-tolerant genotypes. This
research study aims to investigate the importance of genetic diversity in
identifying genotypes with a high degree of salt tolerance. Screening of
available local/exotic germplasm of a crop for salinity tolerance is one of
considerable technique for the economic utilization of salt-affected soils of
arid and semi-arid regions. The response of 27 canola (Brassica napus L.)
cultivars to saline treatments (0, 75, 150/ or 200 mM NaCl) was examined at
germination, seedling, vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Salt
stress caused reducing effect on seed germination, seedling growth, and
vegetative growth. Of the 27 canola cultivars, cvs. DGL, Dunkled, Faisal
Canola and HOP-9 produced greater fresh and dry biomass, whereas cvs.
Ac-Excel, Legend, Oscar and 11CBN-006 were lower in growth attributes. In
addition, cvs DGL, Faisal Canola and Shiralee produced maximal seed yield.
+ +
In the present study, lower Na but higher K content in DGL and Dunkled
showed a key mechanism of ion exclusion. With the exception of other
+
canola cvs, Faisal canola showed a positive relationship with Na
accumulation suggesting that these cultivars may use mechanisms involved
+
with Na tissue tolerance, such as intracellular compartmentation and
+
increased accumulation of compatible solutes over Na exclusion. Screening
and selection for salt tolerance at all growth and developmental stages is
prerequisite. As, at germination six canola cultivars such as Rustam canola,
Faisal Canola, Cyclone, DGL, Dunkled and CON-III out of 27 were salt
tolerant but later on three remained consistently tolerant while others varied
in their response to salt stress. It is now evident that selection for salt
tolerance made at one growth stage did not tolerate salt stress at the other
growth stage due to which selection for salt tolerance should be made at all
developmental stages.
INCPS-2024-236 Physio –Anatomical Adaptations among

Different Accessions of Cenchrus ciliarisL. Collected
from Cholistan and Thal Deserts
1 1 1
Azra Manzoor , Zafar-Ullah-Zafar , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
1
248
Physiology
Email:azramunzoor@gmail.com
Drought-tolerant plants like Cenchrus ciliaris L. are excellent sources for

exploiting drought-hit areas. Different ecotypes of Cenchrus ciliaris L. from
1R Sinawan and Sarai Muhajir (Thal Desert) and Fort Derawer and
Bahawalpur (Cholistan Desert) Punjab, Pakistan were subjected to drought
stress. Drought reduced the growth, chlorophyll contents, and relative water
contents in all accessions while protein and amino acids were increased.
The greater reduction in quantum yield of PSII in population from
Bahawalpur due to drought stress was due to PSII photodamage. Double
normalized differential kinetics indicated adverse effects at the antennae,
oxygen-evolving complex, and intersystem electron acceptors in Sarai
Muhajir. Moreover, JIPtest analysis showed that drought stress caused a
greater decrease in performance index (PIABS) in Sarai Muhajir as
compared to that in Bahawalpur, which is associated with an increase in Vj,
rate of accumulation of closed reaction centers (Mo), energy fluxes for
absorption (ABS/RC), trapping (TRo/RC), electron transport (ETo/ RC), and
dissipation of absorbed energy as heat (DIo/RC). Plant anatomical
parameters like leaf thickness, epidermal thickness, sclerenchyma thickness,
cortical cell area, and metaxylem area were studied. In all populations from
different ecological habitats, major anatomical modifications regarding
leaves were reduced leaf lamina, well-developed sclerenchyma cells, and
increased cuticle thickness under severe drought stress accompanied by
a thick epidermal layer for moisture conservation. Likewise, reduced stem,
metaxylem, and phloem areas were also noted under drought stress, which
played an important role in increasing the plant's capability to cope with
drought stress. Based on these anatomical and physiological adaptations
observed in all populations under drought, some characteristics are better in
populations from the Cholistan desert while some were observed in
populations from the Thal desert.
INCPS-2024-237 Assessment of Physiological Basis of

Salt Tolerance in Luffa aegyptica Mill.
Reema Yousuf, Zafar Ullah Zafar, Habib Ur Rehman Athar
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Email: reema_yousuf1989@yahoo.com
Food production is the main concerning issue with the continuously

increasing population under salinity stress. Experimentation was conducted
in the growth room of the Botanical Garden, Bahauddin Zakariya University,
Multan. Salt tolerance was assessed in three different varieties of Luffa
aegyptica (Mill.) at different salt stress levels (0, 60, 120, and 180 mM NaCl).
Based on growth attributes and ionic regulation Radhika, Resham, and
Advanta-1102 were categorized as salt tolerant, moderate salt tolerant, and
sensitive cultivars to salt stress. Results revealed that salt-tolerant cultivars
of L. aegyptica i.e., Radhika and Resham, had more growth rate than their
sensitive variety Advanta-1102 along with a lesser decrease in water
249
Physiology
potential but a greater decrease in leaf osmotic potential that resulted in
greater turgor potential. Besides these, the accumulation of organic
+
osmolytes like free amino acids, proline contents, ion toxicity through Na
+
exclusion with more K intake, and specific antioxidants in salt-tolerant
varieties was also higher. It is suggested that these factors contribute to
the salt tolerance of these vegetables. Salt stress decreased the
photosynthetic pigments and PSII activity in all cultivars of L. aegyptica.
Salinity-induced photoinhibition was more in salt sensitive variety and it was
mainly due to damage at the donor and acceptor end of PSII. In conclusion,
salt-tolerant varieties of L. aegyptica including Radhika and Resham had
greater ability to withstand salty environments than Advanta-1102. All these
+ +
factors along with some other parameters such as ECSt, gH , vH and LEF
can be used as potential indicators for salt tolerance. It is suggested that
assessment of ﬂuorescence-based photosynthetic parameters may help in
screening and selection for salt tolerance.
INCPS-2024-241 Response of Cuscutareflexaroxb Extract

on Barley Crop under Hg Stress
1,2 2
Hamdia Mujahid , Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmed , Muhammad
3
Talha Mujahid
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
3
Department of Botany, Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi Pakistan
Email:hamdiamujahid82@gmail.com
Barley is an oldest agricultural, early domesticated cereal crop which play

important role in human nutrition, animal feed, plant biochemistry and plant
biotechnology. A pot experiment was performed to check the effect of growth
rate of barley by the application of Cuscutareflexaroxb extract and heavy
metal Hg. Experiment was performed in Old Botanical Garden at University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Experiment design was based on CRD with three
replications. Two varieties of Barley seeds (Sultan 17 and Joe 17) used
which was collected from Ayub Research Institute, Faisalabad. Hg stress
(0mM control), and (1mM) applied on two varieties after four week of
seedling. Four levels of Cuscutareflexaroxb extract (0%, 15%, 45%, 70%)
applied as foliar spray after 15 days of stress. 2 to 3 drops of surfactant
tween 20 was added in regulator. Morphological, physiological and
biochemical characters such as root length, root fresh and dry weight, shoot
length, shoot fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll,
carotenoids, CAT, POD, SOD, total soluble sugar, total soluble protein and
+ + 2+
total amino acid was determined. Na , K and Ca concentration was
determined by using flame photometer. Correlation was exposed between
Cuscutareflexaroxb extract and Hg treatment using Co stat software. Data
was analyzed for analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant method
(LSD).
250
Physiology
INCPS-2024-47 Flooding
and Drought Induced
Morphological Response of Soybean (Glycine max)
Seedlings Grown in Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and
Kashmir
Syeda Tatheer Fatima Naqvi, Rehana Kausar, Aroosa Manzoor
Email: imtisalzahra12@gmail.com
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the valuable legume crop, enriched with
protein, carbohydrates, and oil. Soybean is cultivated worldwide and
adopted to different climatic conditions. The growth and productivity are
deleteriously affected by nature’s outrage in the form of abiotic stress factors
such as flooding and drought. The aim of present study is to profile the effect
of alternating water stress periods during the vegetative and reproductive
periods on the rate of organ appearance of two genotypes of G. max L.
Potted soybean seedlings were subjected to stress treatments. Two varieties
with three replicates for both flooding and drought were compared using
analysis of variance (ANOVA). Flooding treatment adversely affected the
soybean at the reproductive stage rather than at vegetative stage, ultimately
reducing the seed yield due to high abortion rate of flowers and pods but
favored leaf growth. Whereas, drought stress equally influenced both
vegetative and reproductive stages, emergence of nodes initiated during
water deficit stress was delayed, whereas flower and pod abortion rate was
high. The reproductive phase was shorter under drought. Among both
treatments the two genotypes showed slight tolerance towards flooding, but
both genotypes were intolerant towards drought stress. The fallouts of the
current study unveil that flooding and drought have significant effects on all
morphological parameters of soybean.
of Poultry Manure as an
Ecofriendly Soil Fertilizer for Maize (Zea mays L.)
Crop
1 1 2
Samreen , *Hussan Bano , Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
1
Department of Botany, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
2
Email:Hussan.bano@wum.com
Use of organic fertilizer (poultry manure) instead of chemical fertilizers, could

be a best option for future as soil amendments which can also overcome the
problem of environmental pollution. The main objective of the current study
was the assessment of the effects of poultry manure as a fertilizer on
growth and yield of maize crop. Two maize varieties were grown in the field
area of The Women University Multan under following ratio of the poultry
manure (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%). Results shown that in both
varieties of maize, increase in fresh and dry biomass were noted with the
251
Physiology
increase in poultry manure. Maximum % control values were observed at 1%
ratio of poultry manure in both varieties. Percent control values for shoot
fresh and dry weight were 278.6, 295.5, 310.5 and 466.1 and for root fresh
and dry weight were 326.8, 331.8, 316.7 and 360.3 in both varieties
respectively. Relative water content was 109.2 and 102.4 in both varieties
respectively at 1% poultry manure. In yield attributes according to % control
no. of cob wt./plant (220.4 and 210.5), no. of rows/cob (102.8 and 117.1),
length of cob/plant (138.5 and 819.4), 1000 grain wt./plant (137.4 and 140.5)
and total yield/plant (195.4 and 225.2931) in both varieties respectively at
1% of poultry manure. Thus it will be recommended that poultry manure
could be supportive as an ecofriendly soil amendment and fertilizer which
can fulfil the demand for NPK in soil.
INCPS-2024-266 Adaptive
Anatomy and Physiology of
WithaniaSomnifera (L.) DUNAL Under Different
Environmental Conditions
1 1
Syeda Sabika Zahra Naqvi , Syed Mohsan Raza Shah ,
1 1
Muhammad Javed , Zaheer Abbas
1
Education, Lahore, Pakistan
Email: sabikanaqvi05@gmail.com; syed.mohsan@ue.edu.pk
Withaniasomnifera (L.), also known as Ashwagandha or Winter cherry, an
evergreen shrub native to Pakistan, India, the Middle East, and certain
regions of Africa. This study focused on the collection of plant material from
different ecotypes in the Punjab region, including Shadan Lund, Layyah,
KotAdu, Jam Pur, Vodor, DG canal, Kala, Chah Jeand Wala, Faisalabad, DG
Khan, Jang, and Multan, to investigate morphological and anatomical
variations. The collected samples were preserved in a 70% alcohol solution,
and freehand sectioning and double staining methods were employed.
Microscopic examination using a digital ocular camera facilitated the analysis
of various anatomical structures in the roots, stems, and leaves.
Morphological and anatomical features were carefully observed and
documented. Results indicated that the Jam Pur ecotype exhibited the
maximum root epidermal thickness, while the Faisalabad ecotype displayed
the largest root radius. Stem characteristics varied significantly among the
ecotypes, with the Vodor ecotype exhibiting the highest cortical cell area,
Jam Pur ecotype displaying the greatest epidermis thickness, and the
Shahdan Lund ecotype showing the thickest sclerenchyma layer. The Vodor
and Jang ecotypes had the highest abaxial stomatal area and number of
trichomes. In conclusion, alteration of morphological features in various plant
parts of Withaniasomnifera were linked to changes in environmental factors,
thus enabling the successful distribution of this species along in diverse
environment.
INCPS-2024-272 Prospective of Medium-Supplemented
Thiourea to Attenuate Heat Stress by Improving
Growth, Gas Exchange and Mineral Attributes of
Maize Hybrids
252
Physiology
1 2
Taskeen Arshad , Tayyaba Sanaullah ⃰
1
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, Government Sadiq College Women University,
Bahawalpur 53100
Email: taybbia_sanaullah@yahoo.cm
Heat stress is a vital environmental issue that affects the growth and
development of plants by reducing photosynthesis. In a recent study
thiourea application has been validated to improve the stress tolerance in
different crops. Towards this exertion, the main objective of this work to
elucidate the affective role of medium supplemented thiourea (0.25mM)
against heat stress in five maize (Zea mays) hybrids sown in spring and
autumn seasons. Seeds of hybrids were sown in pots containing 10kg of
sand. Fifteen days old plants were subjected to different treatments.
Thiourea (0.25mM) was given with nutrient solution whereas open door
o
plexiglass fitted canopies that provided about 7-8 C greater temperature
than outside were used to induce heat stress. Heat stress decreased the
shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight leaf length
and leaf area whereas root applications of thiourea mitigate the toxicity of
heat stress. Different gas exchange (net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal
conductance (gs) and tranpirational rate (E)) attributes were reduced due to
heat stress on the other hand increase was noticed in substomatal CO2 (Ci)
contents in both the seasons Thiourea cope with heat stress and improved
the hybrids growth, Pn and gs contents. Thiourea application in the root
medium under control and heat stress situation improved the tissue contents
+ 2+ 2+
of minerals such as N, P, K , S, Ca and Mg that appeared to enhance
the root function and its area. Results explored that efficiency of thiourea
was more noticeable in spring than in autumn season; whereas hybrids
responded differently.
INCPS-2024-283 Photosynthetic
Performance Enhanced
as an Ameliorative Effect of Ascorbic Acid on
Brassica napus L. under the Influence of NaCl Stress
1* 1,2* 1,3
Sarosh Saleem , Mobina Ulfat , Samina Sarwar
1
Pakistan
2
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
Japan
2
Institute of Botany, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Email: saroshchoudary786@gmail.com
An experiment was performed in order to figure out the control of salinity by

seed priming with ascorbic acid of canola (Brassica napus L). Two cultivar of
canola Dunkled and Cyclone were used. The arranged experiment was
actually in complete randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. Seeds
were primed with 100, 200 and 300ppm of ascorbic acid solution for 24
hours. Both primed and non primed of canola cultivar seeds set for
253
Physiology
germination and irrigated with four levels of NaCl stress
(50,100,150,200mM). Different parameters of growth like length, fresh
weight of root and shoot was also measured. Under saline condition it was
noticed that length of root and shoot minimized as compared to non- saline
condition, but in case of primed seeds it was observed that primed seeds
showed better results under both non saline and saline conditions, 300ppm
priming with ascorbic acid showed maximum results. It was also observed
that assimilation of carbon dioxide and transpiration rate also increased in
seed primed plants under saline and non saline conditions. Stomatal
conductance and sub stomatal conductance showed maximum increase in
primed seeded plants with 300ppm ascorbic acid solution. It was also
observed that primed seeds showed better performance under saline
condition as compared to non primed seeds. Plant pigment contentlike
chlorophyll a, chlororphyll b and total content of choloropyll as well as
carotenoids were alsomeasured and it was observed that salinity and
priming had significance effect on them. It was observed that priming played
important role in the mitigation of salt stress and improves plant growth.
Keywords: Salinity Stress, Crocin, Plant Growth Stimulant, Saffron, Crocus sativus,
Turnip
INCPS-2024-285 Improving Resistance Against Cadmium

Stress by Foliar Fertigation of Ascorbic Acid on
Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Plants
1 1 1 1
Hafsa Amin , Sibgha Noreen , Haseeb Rafique , Salim Akhter ,
1
Seema Mahmood
1
Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil is a global issue that might be harmful to

both agriculture and the well-being of people. Furthermore, the toxicity of
cadmium poses significant challenges to the environment friendly cultivation
of food, particularly for agricultural crops such as barley. However, foliar
fertigation of ascorbic acid might prove a potent tool to alleviate Cd toxicity in
barley. A completely randomized experiment was conducted consisting two
barley varieties (Sultan-17 and Jalbiana-21) to study foliar fertigation of AsA
modulated improvements in physiochemical attributes under cadmium
contamination. Treatments were consisted of varying concentration of
cadmium as 0, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 as well as foliar AsA viz. 0,100 and 200
ppm. The effects of cadmium contamination on plants include an overall
reduction in biological yield, chlorophyll content, quantum yield and ions
homeostasis (K+, Ca2+) while increased uptake of Cd+2 and Na+ ions.
Similarly, the contents of total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, lipid
peroxidation, H2O2 and the activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD,
CAT, APX and proline) were significantly enhanced under cadmium stress. In
addition, foliar fertigation of ascorbic acid produces excellent modulation of
growth metrics, yield qualities, chlorophyll content, enzymatic and non-
enzymatic antioxidants and synchronized ions uptake. Comparing variation
Sultan-17 to variety Jalbiana-21, Sultan-17 appears to be more tolerant. It is
concluded from this study that AsA 200 ppm dose not only improved
254
Physiology
cadmium tolerance but also upregulated yield metrics which is a step to
solve the global problem of malnutrition through bio-fertigation of AsA.
Keywords: Cadmium, Barley, Ascorbic acid, Antioxidant response, Oxidative stress
255
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Plant Taxonomy and Ethnobotany

Morus macroura Miq. &Morus cathayanaHemsl.;
Two Monophyletic Morus Species Identified and
Confirmed by Phenetic and Phylogenetic Analysis in
Pakistan
1 1*
Hafeeza Amna Saleem , Abdul Rehman Niazi
1
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Pakistan Lahore
Email: drarniazi.botany@pu.edu.pk
Morus is a multipurpose plant genus. It is playing a significant role in

improving the economy, used for the formation of many important medicines.
For the correct and appropriate use of its medicinal benefits, it is
indispensable to understand its taxonomic and phylogenetic position. Its
taxonomic status always remains complex and disputed. Very little research
work has been done on its taxonomic and phylogenetic identification. Many
species are still wrongly identified and create problems in any new or
existing species identification. Up till now, merely four species have been
documented on the basis of their morphological features. In this research
work, two monophyletic species M. macroura and M. cathayana have been
reported based on morphological and phylogenetic approaches. It is the first
detailed study on the phylogenetic analysis of two different Morus species
from Pakistan. Complete morphological and phylogenetic analysis based on
ITS region has been illustrated and described.
Key words: flora, mulberry, variety, phylogenetic study, taxonomic study, authentic
identification
256
INCPS-2024 Abstracts -Poster Presentations –Sustainable Agriculture
INCPS-2024-160 Nanoparticlesas Nanofertilizers: The
Key to Unlocking Sustainable Agricultural
Productivity
Sibgha Noreen
Email:sibgha_noreen@yahoo.com
The quest for sustainable agricultural practices has increasingly highlighted

the role of innovative technologies, among which nanoparticles as nano-
fertilizers stand out. Nanotechnology can enhance crop yields and nutritional
value under various abiotic stress conditions like salinity, drought and heavy
metals while minimizing environmental impact. Nanoparticles as well as
phyto-nanoparticles offer unique advantages in fertilizer application due to
their high surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows for targeted delivery
and controlled release of nutrients. This results in improved in various
physiological and biochemical attributes like biological yield, nutrient use
efficiency, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant activity, colored pigments, and
yield attributes in various crops like sunflower, canola, wheat, rice, mung
bean and other crops. Additionally, the ability of nanoparticles to interact at
the cellular and molecular levels can lead to increased stress tolerance and
better soil health. The integration of nano-fertilizers into agricultural systems
represents a promising approach to addressing global food security
challenges, promoting sustainability, and reducing the ecological footprint of
traditional fertilization methods. Future research and development in this
field will be crucial for optimizing nano-fertilizer formulations and application
strategies to maximize their benefits and ensure their safe use in agriculture.
Keywords: Phyto-nanoparticles, abiotic stresses, global food security
INCPS-2024-126 Sustainable
Remediation of Cadmium
Contaminated Soil: Boosting Wheat Growth with
Magnetic Biochar and Ectoine
Muqadas Naeem, Mussarat

The Islamia University Bahawalpur
Email: muqadsnaeem4@gmail.com
The presence of toxic metals like cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in agricultural
soils is a risk to both environmental quality and food safety. It is therefore
essential to create efficient methods for remediating these types of soils. In
this research, we created iron-modified biochar (MBC), which contains the
special qualities of iron and pure biochar (BC). The present research
examined how iron-modified (MBC) and pure biochar reduced the harmful
effects of Cd in wheat crops (Tritium aestivum L.).The results of this study
257
demonstrated that 0.25% MBC+EC treatments significantly increased the

tiller length, spike fresh weight, shoot initial weight, biomass, root dried
weight, and shoot dried weight were, respectively,148.2,53.2,64.2, and 148%
in comparison with untreated plants. Further, the 0.25% MBC application
increased the amounts of chlorophyll a and b, the pigments involved in
photosynthesis, by 43.2, 88.4, 24.9, 32.5, 21.4, and 26.7%, individually. The
0.25% MBC treatment also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
catalase (CAT) by 62.4 and 69.2%, respectively, reducing oxidative stress in
wheat plants. When compared to the corresponding solo BC treatments,
foliar EC further enhanced the rate of growth, nutrients, and antioxidant
activities while minimizing oxidative stress. Dosage dependent BC and EC
had a combined impact. When BC is present, it can be utilized to increase
crop development; however, more research at greater BC concentrations in
other crops is required.
INCPS-2024-198 Mitigation
of Drought Stress by Foliar
Spray of ZnO Nanoparticles in Wheat (Triticum
aestivum)
1
Tehreem Ghafoor
1
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.
Email: tehreemghafoor23@gmail.com
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors that affects plant growth
and development. This study investigated the drastic effects of drought on
the growth, biochemical and physiological characteristics of wheat and the
role of foliar application of ZnO nanoparticles treatment in growth
improvement and drought stress mitigation in wheat crop. Wheat cultivar,
Galaxy-13 was cultivated in pots filled with uniform mixture of soil, sand and
garden compost, exposed to 50% of field capacity under drought stress and
100% of field capacity under control conditions. 100ppm ZnO nanoparticles
were applied (foliar spray) in control as well as drought stress condition.
TheZnO nanoparticles, known for their distinctive physicochemical
characteristics, can influence plant metabolism and enhance physio-
biochemical and yield attributes. The data revealed a significant increase in
fresh and dry weight of shoot and root with the application of ZnO
nanoparticles. These NPs also activated the antioxidant defense system and
protected the crop from oxidative damage. In short, ZnO nanoparticles
improved the development, physiology, and antioxidant defense of plants,
thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of drought. It can be concluded that
application of ZnO nanoparticles may have potential of growth improvement
and reducing the effect of drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
variety Galaxy-13.
the Growth of Rice (Oryza
Sativa L.) Seedlings under Two Different Levels of
Nitrogen using Hydroponic System
258
Waqas Razzaq*
1
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040,
Pakistan
Email: waqasrazzaq9695@gmail.com
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for half of the world’s population so
the focus on its productivity must be checked. Nitrogen is considered the
main nutrient for its growth and improvement. On the other hand, nitrogen
used as fertilizer causes environmental damage and loss of economy, but
inadequate amount of nitrogen fertilizers also reduces yield and quality of
rice production. The experiment was carried out at the Growth Room,
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF). A nursery
of 4 rice genotypes was established in plastic trays and these trays were
filled with sand. In this study, hydroponic experiment was conducted by using
four different varieties i.e., Chinab Basmati (CB), Kala Shah Kaku-133 (KSK-
133), Chinab Basmati (CB-300) and Kainat Basmati (KB). To explore the
potential of these four different varieties, hoagland’s solution was applied to
meet the demand of other essential nutrients. In this experiment, two
different recommended nitrogen levels; T1 containing 100% recommended
nitrogen and T2 containing 50% recommended nitrogen were used as a
treatment. The results indicated that by using 100% recommended level of
nitrogen showed better results in KB variety. Morphological parameters were
also improved in the presence of 100% recommended level of nitrogen i.e.,
primary root length, primary root diameter, length of lateral root, lateral root
diameter, lateral root numbers and density of lateral roots increased as 15.8
cm, 3.8 mm, 10.4 cm, 2.6 mm, 5.0, and 2.72 mg respectively and in 50% it is
increased as 13.9 cm, 3.2 mm, 9.8 cm, 3.5 mm, 5.0 and 1.71 mg
respectively. Similarly, physiological parameters were also enhanced in the
presence of 100% recommended level of nitrogen. Data was analyzed by
using STATISTIX 8.1 software and then results were subjected to LSD test
at 5% probability level.
INCPS-2024-164 Making the Most of Under-utilized Plant

Species to Improve Food Security
1 1 2
Hafsa Fatima , Maham , Talha Riaz
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food and Home
Sciences, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
2
College of Food Science and Technology, Huzahong Agricultural University,
Wuhan, China
Email: 110fatimahafsaa@gmail.com
The 21st century presents a growing number of challenges to ensuring food

security, including soil degradation, climate change, and limited water
resources. These new risks are becoming too much for the limited variety of
basic crops that characterize traditional agricultural systems. Diversifying our
food sources is essential if we want to strengthen the resilience and
sustainability of food systems.The purpose of this study is to investigate how
259
under-utilized plant species, or those that are frequently disregarded by

conventional agriculture, can improve nutritional variety and food security,
particularly in communities that are at risk.We carried out a thorough
analysis of the literature on underappreciated plant species, paying
particular attention to their nutritional profiles, tolerance for different agro-
ecological zones, and resistance to pests and environmental stresses. To
evaluate the growth performance and yield stability of particular species in
various settings, field investigations were conducted. Agro-ecological
methods and community-based seed banks were also assessed in order to
find scalable approaches for incorporating these species into regional and
global food systems.According to our research, a large number of neglected
plant species have high nutritional value, are more resilient to drought, and
are resistant to pests, which makes them excellent choices for cropping
systems diversification. Crop resilience and food security were enhanced in
communities that embraced these species. Furthermore, it was found that
locally owned seed banks were successful in maintaining plant diversity and
advancing food sovereignty.Reusing under-utilized species in agricultural
systems presents a viable method to improve food security and strengthen
climate change resilience. In order to promote a transition towards more
resilient and sustainable food systems, the study emphasizes the necessity
of policy frameworks that encourage the cultivation and consumption of a
variety of plant species.
Keywords: Food Security, Soil degradation, Climate Change, Agricultural systems,
Under-Utilized plants, Conventional agriculture, Crop Resilience.
INCPS-2024-165 Using Plant Genetic Diversity to Create

Food Systems Resistant to Climate Change
1 1
Hafsa Fatima , Hammad ul Hassan
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food and Home
Sciences,
MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
Email: 110fatimahafsaa@gmail.com
A major danger to global food security is the escalating effects of resource

constraint, insect outbreaks, and climate change. There is a pressing need
to investigate novel approaches for strengthening food systems' resilience
because agricultural productivity is under threat. Plant genetic variety offers
a potent, but under-utilized, answer to this problem.This study looks into how
using plant genetic variety can improve food systems' resilience, production,
and ability to adapt, especially when faced with environmental difficulties. In
order to assess the value of genetic features from landraces and wild
relatives in the breeding of crops resistant to climate change, we carried out
case studies in a variety of agro-ecological zones. Cutting-edge
biotechnological instruments, such CRISPR and genomic selection, were
utilized to expedite the process of breeding. To determine how smallholder
farmers will profit from plant genetic resource conservation, socioeconomic
evaluations were also carried out. According to the study, applying genetic
260
diversity can greatly enhance crops' ability to withstand stress, retain their
nutritional value, and maintain stable yields. Creative breeding initiatives that
included a variety of genetic features showed improved pest resistance and
climatic adaptation. Socioeconomic assessments demonstrated that
preserving plant genetic diversity lessens reliance on a small number of
basic crops and promotes sustainable livelihoods, particularly for smallholder
farmers. This study emphasizes how crucial it is to use genetic variety to
create food systems that are adaptable to climate change. In a time of
environmental instability, cooperation between scientists, decision-makers,
and local people is crucial to promoting innovation and guaranteeing food
security.
Key words: Global Food Security, Insect outbreak, Climate change, Agricultural
Productivity, Resilience Production, Breeding, genomic Selection, Agro-ecological
Zones, Socio-economics.
INCPS-2024-280 Phragmites
australis (Cav.) and Lemna
minor (L.) biochar: Sustainable Soil amelioration and
enhancement of Spinach productivity
1 1
Muntaha Munir , Aisha Nazir
1
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore.
Email: muntahamunir03@gmail.com
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.exSteud and Lemna minor L. are aquatic

weeds which are exotic in origin. They can compete native crops, disturbs
the habitate dynamics, reduces biodiversity, changes nutrient ratios in
wetland ecosystem, oxygen depletion, eutrophication, destroy water quality
etc. Valorization of this huge biomass into biochar is a sustainable approach
to cope up both environmental and agricultural challenges. Their
management through biochar not only mitigates the climate issues by their
proper management and utility, sequester carbon, formation of soil
ameliorant which provides the agro-benefits. The current study manifests the
utility of Phragmites australis and Lemna minor biomass as a feedstock for
pyrolysis at (400, 500 and 600ºC) to design biochars (LMBC400, LMBC500,
LMBC600, PABC400, PABC500 and PABC600). These biochars were added
as a soil conditioner to estimate productivity of test crop henceforth
physicochemical analysis. The results demonstrated that AC, SA, pH, ECe,
and FC are proportionate directly to pyrolysis temperature whereas oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen, volatile contents and bulk density are inversed to
pyrolysis temperature. FTIR and SEM visualized the high porosity, alteration
of phenolic compounds and surface of biochars. Percentage of nutrients like
Mg, Fe, N, Ca, N, P, K and Zn increases by elevating pyrolysis temperature
due to unlocking and release under the influence of heat. Soil quality
parameters (viz. pH, BD, ECE, WHC, ECe, TDS and SOC) improved in favor
of plant growth conditions so yield of test crop increased. So LMBC600 and
PABC600 had great potential to ameliorate soil and productivity. It is
promising approach to manage this collossal volume of P. australis and L.
minor by green technology by recycling of this bio-waste into worthy product
261
biochar which is an alternative to chemical fertilizer in agronomical practices

which leave eco-toxic footprints and play havoc to environment.
Keywords: Biochar, valorization, amelioration, pyrolysis
INCPS-2024-281 Valorizing Combustible and

Compostable Fractions of Municipal Solid Waste to
Biochar and Compost as an Alternative to Chemical
Fertilizer for Improving Soil Health and Sunflower
Yield
Samreen Aslam, Aisha Nazir *
Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of
the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
Email: aisha.botany@pu.edu.pk
Reduced reliance on synthetic chemical fertilizers necessarily requires using

renewable biomaterial-derived soil organic amendments (SOAs) in
agriculture for sustained retention of nutrients through improvement in the
soil organic matter (SOM). SOM replenishment through SOAs derived from
wasted materials could help in its valorization by furthering the sustainability
prospects of agronomic crop production systems. In the current study,
compost (CP) and biochar (BC) were derived as SOAs from combustible and
compostable fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW) for their potential
valorization by adding SOAs as potential sustainable sources of nutrients as
a replacement of chemical fertilizers (CF) for sunflower crops cultivated in
potted soils. The experimental design included quadruplicated soil
application of MSW-derived BC and CP in discrete and combined forms,
each in three doses (% w:w), viz., low (L), medium (M), and high (H), i.e.,
BC-L, BC-M, BC-H; CP-L, CP-M, CP-H; and BC + CP-L, BC + CP-M, BC-
CP-H. The results showed that, compared to the control (soil only), the
sunflower growth and harvestable yield were significantly greater in CP+BC
with a medium dose and were comparable to the growth and yield obtained
in soils with CF. Sunflower growth in the discrete SOAs remained less than
in the combined SOAs (CP+BC) and was attributed to the comprehensive
soil health improvement rendered by the applied SOAs. The soil health
improvement factors included SOM, CEC, and concentrations of available
NPK. The dose-effect comparison of the SOAs showed highly variable
trends, i.e., the sunflower growth did not correspond with the increase in
dose of the SOAs. It is concluded that the combined application of CP+BC
derived from MSW components at a medium dose could act as a potential
alternative to CF. The developed approach resulted in MSW valorization,
which improved soil health and yielded a better sunflower crop.
INCPS-2024-282 Optimizing
Soil and Crop Physiology
through Activated Acacia Biochar under varying
262
Irrigation Regimes and Cultivars for Sustainable

Wheat Cultivation
1 1 1
Lubaba Komal , Summera Jahan , Atif Kamran
1
Emails: lubabakomal38@gmail.com, summera.botany@pu.edu.pk
Wheat, a staple food crop globally, faces the challenges of deficit water
resources and the need for sustainable soil management practices. Current
research delves into a multifaceted approach to enhance sustainability in
wheat cultivation. The pivotal elements of this investigation include the
amelioration of varying irrigation regimes (IR) by the integration of activated
acacia biochar (AAB) as a soil amendment over diverse wheat cultivars. A
field study was conducted in the botanical garden, University of the Punjab,
Lahore. Experiment consisted of RCBD with split-split-plot design comprising
three AAB levels (0T AAB, 5T AAB, & 10TAAB), three cultivars (Dilkash.
Akbar, & FSD-08) cultivated under five IR levels (100%, 80%, 70%, 60%, &
50%). Data observed included soil analysis (pH, Ec, water holding capacity,
organic matter, %C, %N, Porosity, and pore size), plant growth, morpho-
physiology, biochemical and yield attributes. Statistical analysis of data
collected showed that reduction in IR, negatively affected plant growth and
yield but when amended with 10T AAB, improved plant growth and yield was
observed with ameliorated biochemical attributes. Among cultivars, Dilkash
proved to be the best for maximum yield followed by FSD-08 and Akbar
respectively. Maximum yield enhancement (11.8, 10.9, and 9.2 times for
Dilkash-2020, Akbar-19 and Faisalabad-08 respectively) with 10T AAB was
observed in 70% IR as compared to other IR levels followed by 5T AAB.
Improved soil attributes with enhanced plant growth were observed under
biochar amendment. plant growth Hence, AAB enhanced wheat production
under water deficit conditions by improving soil properties, drought
tolerance, and yield attributes.
INCPS-2024-293 Alleviation of Lead Stress on Wheat

(Triticum aestivum L.) through the Application of
Biochar Via Regulating the Morpho-Physiological and
Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms
1 1 1 1
Haseeb Rafique , Sibgha Noreen , Hafsa Amin , Salim Akhter ,
1
Seema Mahmood
1
Email: Haseebbzu9@gmail.com
Abstract: Crops are continually challenged by several abiotic stressors that
are present in the field. It is important to have a sustainable strategy for
reducing crop stress. This study looked at the protective effects of biochar on
wheat crops that were also under heavy metal (Pb) stress. After the wheat
had been germinated for two weeks, metal stress was applied. Three level of
heavy metals were applied to plants (0 mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg).
Three levels of biochar were applied on wheat for amelioration of heavy
263
metal stress (0%, 1.5% and 3%). Pb uptake and translocation affected both
physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat. Lead stresses reduced
biomass accumulation in wheat. Biochar, however, enhanced biomass
production in stressed wheat varieties compared to unamended soil
(control). Biochar increased chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins and
amino acids. Under the heavy metal stress, proline buildup was more
evident. Level of H2O2, POD, MDA, CAT and APX, were determined
increasing under heavy metal stress. In comparison to the control, the
adjustments elevated their concentrations much more. Micronutrients were
also determined (Ca, K and Na). K and Ca level were increased and Na ions
were decreased by application of biochar. Pb accumulation in wheat crop
was more under stress. Application of biochar alone at 3% typically
decreased Pb absorption by wheat when compared to other biochar
concentrations when compared to other soil amendments. In a stressed
wheat crop, biochar increased biomass and osmolyte production while
reducing Pb absorption.
Keywords: Wheat, Biochar, Lead stress, Antioxidant Defense Mechanism, Ion
Homeostasis
264
Supplementary
INCPS-2024-294Effects of PGPR Inoculation on Growth of

Pearl Millet Grown Under Salt Stress
Sana Zaryab, Shehrooz Afzal, Shamsa Kanwal, Kausar Hussain
Shah, Seema Mahmood and Sibgha Noreen
Email: sanazaryab1995@gmail.com
Environmental conditions around the plants are continuously changing.

These changes are directly linked to the growth, health and yield of plants.
This work was carried out with aim to find out the effects of PGPR
inoculation on the growth of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) grown
under salt stress. Seeds of four different varieties of Pearl Millet (HP-50 Red,
HP-50 Blue, HP-50 Yellow and PL-101) were subjected to seed priming with
Bacillus subtilis, a previously isolated and identified potential PGPR strain.
Sowing of seeds and seedling growth was carried out under optimal
conditions. After four weeks of germination, root inoculation of PGPR was
done and plants were exposed to salt stress (200mM). Harvesting was done
before the yielding stage of plants. Morphological attributes (shoot/root
length, shoot/root fresh weight, shoot/root dry weight and leaf area),
physiological assessment (chlorophyll contents and quantum yield) and
biochemical analysis (total free amino acids, antioxidant activity and analysis
of Na+ & K+ ions) were performed. Plants showed improved morphological
growth even under salt stress when treated with PGPR strain. An increase in
chlorophyll contents and quantum yield was observed. Biochemical factors
were also improved under salt stress with PGPR treatment as compared to
untreated saline plants. Improved amino acids amount, lower catalase and
peroxidase activity was found in PGPR treated plants. Ion analysis showed
improvement in K+ concentration and lowering of Na+ concentration with
PGPR treatment. This study supported the hypothesis that the application of
plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria strain alleviates the drastic effects of
salinity on pearl millet. So plants with PGPR treatment exhibited better
growth even under salt stress. Thus it may has significant application in the
sustainable agriculture.
INCPS-2024-295 Physiological survival strategies in maize

(Zea mays) under drought stress
2 2
Muhammad Jahanzaib Rasool , Munaza Shabir , Muhammad
2 2 2
Anees , Ayaz Asghar , Maleeha Kashif , Habib-ur-Rehman
1 1*
Athar ,Misbah Amir
1
2
Government Graduate College Civil lines, Khanewal
265
*Email: misbahamir95@gmail.com
The research was conducted to check the photosynthetic activity of two
maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under drought/water-stressed conditions. Two
maize hybrids D-6619,D-3366 were used in the study. Maize plants were
grown in Wirenet House of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Drought
was initiated when plants were two weeks old. Drought was imposed by
withholding water from the plants for a period of one week Control plants
were watered three times a week. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements
nd rd
were taken with a MultispeQ. The 2 and 3 fully open trifoliate leaves were
selected for measurements and were taken at the same time each day.
Maize varieties differed in their responses to photosynthesis under drought
conditions. PhiII, PhiNPQ and PhiNO were both affected by stress, with
drought stressed exhibiting increased PhiNPQ. The low PhiII for drought
stressed plants was mostly caused by photosystem II photoinhibition.In
contrast, in drought-stressed plants both dissipation as heat through the qE
response and photoinhibition contributed to this decreased PhiII.ThePhiNO
signal corresponded well with observed drought as well as yield.
Apparentlydrought susceptible hybrid exhibited the greatest decline in
PhiNO.
INCPS-2024-296Biochar in mitigating adverse impacts of

drought on maize (Zea mays)
1 1 1 1
Babar Joiya , Aiman Ijaz , Misbah Amir , Muhammad Azam ,
1 1 1
Faiza Samreen , Hamida Akbar , Maleeha Kashif , Habib-ur-
1 1 2
Rehman Athar , Zaffar ulla Zafar , Chukwuma ogbaga
1
2
*Email: misbahamir95@gmail.com
Drought stress poses a significant threat to global crop production, making it

imperative to explore sustainable solutions for enhancing plant resilience
under water-limited conditions. This study investigated the effects of Nano-
biochar application on the growth of corn (Zea mays L.) in response to
varying levels of water stress. The experiment comprised different treatment
groups that were randomly organized and were applied varying
concentrations of nano-biochar as 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% incorporated into
the soil. The findings revealed positive impact of Nano-biochar in mitigating
the adverse impacts of drought stress on corn plants. The root and shoot
fresh biomass significantly increased when 1% biochar was incorporated
into the soil, surpassing the outcomes observed at other biochar
concentrations. Simultaneously, water potential was higher at the 1% biochar
concentration in the soil. The photosynthetic parameters, including the
quantum yield of PSII and SPAD values, were greater in maize plants under
266
both control and drought conditions when 1% biochar was introduced into
the soil. Furthermore, various OJIP parameters exhibited positive responses
to the presence of 1% biochar in the soil, indicating enhanced plant health
and increased photosynthetic efficiency. These findings collectively showed
that addition of 1% biochar in soil improved the plant growth and
physiological performance. Drought stress reduced the growth of maize
plants. This growth reduction in maize due to drought stress was positively
associated with the decrease in leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigment
and PSII photodamage. Addition of Nano-biochar improved the growth of
maize plants. However, addition of 1% Nano-biochar was most effective
dose. These findings suggest that biochar application can be a valuable
component of sustainable agricultural practices aimed at improving crop
performance and resource management in a changing climate.
INCPS-2024-297 Estimation of Ciprofloxacin Phytotoxicity

in Some Winter Vegetables
1* 1 1
Abida Aziz , Faiqa Tehseen , Qurat Ul Ain Hyder
1
Email: abida.6363@wum.edu.pk
Plant growth and development can be adversely affected by a range of
chemical and physical agents, known as phytotoxins. The phytotoxicity of a
substance reflects its capacity to cause harm to plants, which can be
expressed as physical damage, for example scorching, or chemical damage,
such as disruption of metabolic processes. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic drug
used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It has been used in some
agricultural settings, and it is possible for the drug to accumulate in plants,
such as vegetables. This can be dangerous if people consume these
vegetables, as ciprofloxacin has been known to cause serious side effects.
Therefore, it is important to investigate the uptake of ciprofloxacin in
vegetables to better understand the potential effects on human health.
Objective of this study was the evaluation of the Role of five levels of
Ciprofloxacin on Radish & Turnip Growth and Yield in a CRD with two
factors. Antibiotic treatments were applied to the soil at the time of planting.
The CIP treatments were 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/Kg. During the experiment, it
was discovered phytotoxicity and uptake of Ciprofloxacin in commonly grown
vegetables" found evidence of phytotoxicity and uptake of Ciprofloxacin in
the tested vegetables. The results indicate potential adverse effects on plant
health and the potential for Ciprofloxacin to be absorbed by commonly
grown vegetables. These findings underscore the importance of considering
the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and the need for further
research on the potential risks associated with the presence of Ciprofloxacin
in agricultural systems.
267
An analysis of the Palynomorphs obtained from
woody plants inhabited in Tehsil Pakpattan, Punjab,
Pakistan
1 1 1*
Memuna Ghaffar , Kashmala Qayyum , Andleeb Anwar Sardar ,
2
Anjum Perveen
1
2
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi, Karachi
Email: andleebanwar@gcu.edu.pk
The present study is carried out to assess the palynomorphic

characterization of woody plants of Tehsil Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan, by
using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. A total of 65 species of
woody plant’s pollen from 24 families were collected. There are a total of 65
dicotyledonous. To characterize these palynomorph, the shape, size,
ornamentation, and aperture of the pollen were examined. Most of the pollen
are prolate spheroidal as in Carissa macrocarpa, Alstoniascholaris,
Fernandoaadenophylla etc and oblate spheroidal as in Jacaranda
mimosifolia, Euphorbia Milii, Cassia javanica etc. Suboblate pollen present in
Euphorbia cotinifoliaand sub prolate pollen present in Bauhinia purpurea.
The smallest pollen is of Psidium gujava which P/E ratio is 76.4µm. The
largest pollen is Bauhinia purpurea which P/E ratio is 117µm. Hibiscus
syriacus has maximum polar length and equatorial diameter which is
12.06±0.15µm and 11.87±0.12µm respectively. Psidium gujava has minimum
polar length and equatorial diameter which is 0.32±0.01µm and
0.42±0.01µm. Maximum colpi length present in Abelmoschus esculentus
which is 16±3.93µm. Maximum colpi width present in Bauhinia purpurea
which is 19.6±0.51µm. Minimum colpi length present in Parkinsonia aculeate
which is 2.7±1.20µm. Minimum colpi width present in Lantana camara which
is 0.75±0.38µm. Maximum pori length present in Abutilon mauritianum which
is 21.7±0.44µm. Maximum pori width present in Bauhinia purpurea which is
13.5±1.64µm. Minimum pori length present in Durantaerecta which is
0.67±1.14µm. Minimum pori width present in 0.9±0.36µm. Maximum exine
thickness present in 3.1±1.47µm. Minimum exine thickness present in
Malpighia glabra which is 0.5±0.33µm.
Major pollen types have been identified on the basis of aperture and tectum.
There is great variation among the aperture of the studied plants i.e. porate,
colpate, colporate, tricolpate, tricolporate, pentaporate, monocolporate,
tetracolpate, tetracolporate, hexacolporate, hexacolpate, pentacolptae,
dicolporate and inaperturate. Different type of tectum ranging from reticulate,
perfortae, scabrate, verrucate, echinate, psilate, microreticulate, perforate to
rugulate and granulate, crotanoid, striate, lacunate. On the basis of aperture
and tectum types, the pollen are recognized i.e. porate, colpate and
colporate.
268
Genetic Diversity Assessmentin Exotic Germplasmof
Wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) using Multivariate
Analysis
1 1 1
Shazia Parveen , Sibgha Noreen , Hafiza Saima Gul ,
2 3
Muhammad Jamil , Syed Bilal Hussain Shah
1,2,3
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan-Pakistan.
2 2
Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur-Pakistan, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-Pakistan
3
University, Multan-Pakistan
Abstract: Wheat (Trium aestivum L.) is an important staple food crop in

Gramineae family and is widely grown worldwide. Food security is a major
problem in fast growing world population, thereby, it is necessary to develop
high-yielding wheat varieties.Genetic diversity is a pre-requisite to breed
high-yielding wheat cultivars. We have used Line × tester approach coupled
with multivariate analysis to study genetic diversity by evaluating
morphological, physiological and yield-related agronomic traits in wheat
genotypes. Five spring wheat genotypes; CB-35, CB-212, CB-214, CB-219,
and Mairaj-8 as a female parent and two male parent lines; Local landrace-1
and Local landrace-2 were employed with 10 F1 and 10 F2 crosses and data
was recorded to evaluate the diversity in wheat genotypes. Principal
component analysis revealed variation of PC1 (33.05%) and PC2 (20.46%)
at X and Y axis respectively. Multivariate analysis like cluster analysis
grouped 27 genotypes into four clusters which shows the presence of
considerable variation. Plant height and yield per plant shows negative
significant correlation among genotypes. Correlation study and variation
level among genotypes provides insight for exploitation and preservation of
genetic resources. Based on the PCA and other multivariate analysis results
of our study best performing lines with desirable characters can be
recommended for future breeding programs.
Keywords: wheat, line into tester analysis, principal component analysis
269
INCPS-2024 SPONSORS
INCPS-2024 SPONSORS
Fatima Group
INCPS-2024 SPONSORS
INCPS-2024 SPONSORS
INCPS-2024 SPONSORS
remium Prope
n’s P rty
a
t
ki s
Po
rta
Pa
l
AVENZALAND
EST. 2004
AK
T R A D E R S

Abstract Book INCPS 2024

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Abstract Book INCPS 2024

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Abstract Book INCPS 2024

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Higher Commission

This publication is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons

Published by Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University,

A word from Organizing Committee

International Advisory Board

National Advisory Board

Editorial Committee/Co-Organizing Committee

Message from Patron in Chief -Vice Chancellor

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zubair Iqbal

Message from Patron -Dean Faculty of Science

Prof. Dr. Javed Ahmad

Message from Chief Organizer

We encourage aspiring students to join the Institute of Botany at BZU and

Best wishes for a successful conference.

Prof. Dr. Seema Mahmood

Message from Distinguished National Professor,

With best wishes,

Prof. Dr. M. Qaiser

Message from Chief Guest

It gives me immense pleasure and joy to see the Institute of Botany at

With best wishes for continued success,

Prof. Dr. M. Ashraf

Message from Emeritus Prof. Dr. Javed Iqbal –

The Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan,

During the deliberations of the conference, 151 oral presentations

The main challenges of the day Pakistan is facing are climate

The conference will deliberate on these issues and will promote

To manage a conference at such a huge level is a gigantic task and

Emeritus Prof. Dr. Javed Iqbal

List of Abstracts INCPS-2024 – Oral Presentations

International Invited Speakers

Department of forestry and Stability of Gorgak Melon

Independent Researcher and Drug Delivery

Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam Productivity and Nutritional

PlantSciences,KarakorumI Investigation and

Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy, Horticulture

dactylifera L.) Growing in

University, Jail Road, Plant Species: An in

Characterizing of the Soil

Amatu Rehman Taxonomic and

Department of Plant Rot of Carrot Caused by

Bahauddin Zakariya Nematode Resistance in

Sadaf Tabasum Qureshi Cyto-genetic Sequel of Soft

Iqbal Makhdum Fertigation of Wheat

University of Azad Jammu Physicochemical Dynamics

Tour Jan Assessing Lead and

Ministry of Agriculture and Mineral Nutrients Status,

105 Rehana Sardar Role of Polyethylene

Kiran Nazir Lead And Chromium

and Antioxidant Activities in

Government College stimulates growth and

Zara Fatima Phytochemical Screening

The University of Lahore, roxburghii (L.) Leaves as

Atiqa Aleem Anthocyanins and Carotenoids

Okara Napin Seed Protein from

Sohaib Mehmood Crystal structure of Kunitz-type

Hizbullaha A Study of Fungal

and Its Epidemiology

Plant Genetics and Breeding