Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Important Concepts
3.1 Variety of Living Things and Their
Classification
 Quick Refresh
Smart Review

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Important Concepts

Animals Biodiversity Plants

made up of made up of

Flowering Non-flowering
Invertebrates Vertebrates plants plants

examples classified into classified into classified into

Earthworm Fish Monocotyledon Algae

Squid Amphibians Dicotyledon Fungi

Octopus Reptiles Moss

Beetle Birds Fern

Mammals 2
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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter Variety of Living Things and Their

3.1
Classification

Animals
 Animals can be classified into two groups:
 Invertebrates
 Animals without backbone
 Make up the most number of animals on the Earth
 Have great variety of shapes and sizes

 Some invertebrates have soft bodies with no bones at all. Examples of these invertebrates are
earthworms and octopus
 Some invertebrates have coating on the outside of their bodies, also known as
exoskeletons. Examples of these invertebrates are beetle and lobster

 Vertebrates
 Animals with backbone
 All vertebrates are either warm-blooded or cold-blooded
 Warm-blooded vertebrates have fixed body temperature

 Cold-blooded vertebrates have body temperature that changes to the surrounding temperature

 Can be divided into five main groups, which are fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals 3
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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
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Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Fish

Characteristics
Characteristic of body  Covered and protected by overlapping scales
Type of blood  Cold-blooded
Breathing organ  Gills
Type of fertilisation  External fertilisation
Method of reproduction  Lay eggs
Habitat  Water

Examples of animals Sardine, goldfish, eel, clownfish

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
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Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Amphibians

Characteristics
Characteristic of body  Covered by moist skin
Type of blood  Cold-blooded
Breathing organ  Gills (tadpole stage)
 Skins and lungs (adult stage)

Type of fertilisation  External fertilisation

Method of reproduction  Lay eggs (without shell)
Habitat  Water and land

Examples of animals Frog, toad, salamander

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Reptiles

Characteristics
Characteristic of body  Covered with dry scales
Type of blood  Cold-blooded
Breathing organ  Lungs
Type of fertilisation  Internal fertilisation
Method of reproduction  Lay eggs (with shell)
Habitat  Water and land

Examples of animals Crocodile, turtle, snake

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Birds

Characteristics
Characteristic of body  Covered with feathers
 Have beak
 Have a pair of wings
 Have a pair of legs covered with dry scales

Type of blood  Warm-blooded

Breathing organ  Lungs
Type of fertilisation  Internal fertilisation
Method of reproduction  Lay eggs (with shell)
Habitat  Land

Examples of animals Sparrow, swan, chicken, pigeon

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Mammals

Characteristics
Characteristic of body  Covered with fur or hair
 Have a pair of external ears
 Have sweat gland
 Have mammary gland (produce milk for the young)

Type of blood  Warm-blooded

Breathing organ  Lungs
Type of fertilisation  Internal fertilisation
Method of reproduction  Give birth to young
Habitat  Land

Examples of animals Lion, deer, elephant, whale

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Plant

 Plants can be classified into two groups:

 Flowering plants
 produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by seeds

 can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon

Characteristics Monocotyledon Dicotyledon

Leaf Leaves with parallel Leaves with network
veins veins
Number of Cotyledon One Two
Type of stem Soft stem Woody stem
Type of root Fibrous roots system Tap roots system
Examples  Maize plant  Rambutan tree

 Non-flowering plants

 do not produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by spores or

binary fission
 can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern 9
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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
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Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Algae

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root  Do not have leaves, stem and root
Chlorophyll  Present
Nutrition  Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Reproduction  Binary fission
Habitat  Water

Examples of plant Chlamydomonas, spirogyra, seaweed

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
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Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Fungi

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root  Do not have leaves, stem and root
Chlorophyll  Absent
Nutrition  Gets food from living or dead organisms
(live as parasite)

Reproduction  Produces spores (yeast reproduce by budding)

Habitat  Damp places

Examples of plant Mold, yeast, mushroom

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
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Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Moss

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root  Have leaves and stem
 Do not have root

Chlorophyll  Present
Nutrition  Make its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Reproduction  Produces spores
Habitat  Damp places

Examples of plant Moss

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Fern

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root  Have leaves, stem and root
Chlorophyll  Present
Nutrition  Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Reproduction  Produce spores
Habitat  Damp places

Examples of plant Ferns

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Q.R.
3.1 Quick Refresh

 Living organisms can be classified into animals and plants

 Habitat is the place that living organisms lives, seeks food and reproduce
 Animals are divided into two group, which is vertebrate and invertebrate
 Most of the animals on earth are invertebrates
 Vertebrates is the animals with backbones. These includes fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
 Invertebrates is the animals without backbones
 Plants are divided into two groups, which are flowering plants and
non-flowering plants
 Flowering plants can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon
 Non-flowering plants can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern

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 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

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 A living thing also known as an organism

 Living organisms exist in various shapes, sizes and habitats
 Variations is the differences that exist between the same species of
living organism
 Some mammals have unusual characteristics than other mammals,
such as
(a) Whales and dolphins (live in water like fish)
(b) Bats (have wings and fly like birds)
(c) Anteaters (body covered with dry scales like reptiles, lay eggs)
 Insects constitutes the largest number among animals

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