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    08CBDRM Psy

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    08CBDRM Psy

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    uyen
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    08CBDRM-psy

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    08CBDRM Psy

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    15/11/2024

    toyoday@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp Individual thinking & Group discussion


    • You are highly aware of the potential for disasters and wish to
    encourage a friend who has not made any preparations for disaster
    management.
    • How can you enhance his/her motivation to prepare?
    • Please think and discuss what (mental aspects) should be
    Sustainable Urban Policy I changed/increased, etc. and how to change/increase it.

    • Individual thinking: 3min


    • Group discussion: 10min
    àPlease itemize each important mental aspects and intervention to change/increase.
    • Brief explanation: 1min
    2

    Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)


    • People treat information more elaborately that is
    relevant to themselves, leading to elaborate the
    information and change their attitudes. On the other
    hand, if the information is not related, they refrain
    from the above.

    àFear appeal communication


    àNormalcy bias
    https://www.thephuketnews.com/philip-morris-says-
    3 to-fight-thai-tax-evasion-charges-42214.php 4
    Theory of planned behavior (TpB) (Ajzen,
    Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
    1991)
    • Prediction behaviors based on individual attitude toward the Characteristics: This theory
    behavior and evaluation from others (around them) on pays attention to “Intention”
    behaviors to be taken. that appears before behavior.
    Plus, it incorporate resources
    needed for the behavior .
    àChallenges to explain behaviors that are taken based on
    self-sacrifice and behaviors against disasters in which the
    benefit is not sure while the cost is obvious. Disadvantage: It can be
    applied only to the process in
    which intention and behavior
    correspond.

    5 6

    Risk as Feeling Model (Loewenstein, et al. 2001) Person-Relative-to-Event (PrE) Theory


    (Mulilis, et al. 1990)
    Subjective emotion and expectation to results affect attitude.
    • Level of appraised threat relative to person
    • Self-efficacy
    • Personal responsibility

    7 8
    Group discussion Nudge
    Objective: Applying theories/models to fields =prod (someone) gently with one's elbow in order to attract attention
    (Oxford Languages)

    Please apply relevant theories to each of your itemized


    psychological aspects. Clearly specify which theory or part of a =refers to a choice architecture (i.e., how decisions are
    theory was incorporated into each item. presented and framed) that alters individualsʼ behaviors
    indirectly toward a desired direction without punishment or
    economic incentives (Thaler& Sunstein, 2008).
    • 10min: Discussion
    àfrom Behavioral Economics
    • 1min: Explanation

    9 10

    Some other examples


    • Placement of Products in Stores: How products are placed
    in a departmental store affects the purchasing behavior of
    customers.
    • The Default Option: Another kind of nudge is the default
    option, which is the option that a user automatically receives
    when they do nothing.
    • Social Proof Heuristic: We look at the behavior of other
    people to guide our behavior, and this is the basis of another
    technique of nudging..
    https://info.mukogawa- https://helpfulprofessor.com/nudge-
    https://travel.watch.impress.co.jp/ theory/#:~:text=A%20Nudge%20to%20Eat%20Healthily,seeks%20to%20indirectly%20enco
    u.ac.jp/publicity/newsdetail?id=3493
    docs/news/1205276.html
    11 urage%20people. 12
    Issues on Nudge Challenges to promote behavior

    • Will it really increase the welfare of people? • How about long-term effects? (Unagami, et al. 2012)
    How can we sustain the intention?
    • Will it really respect dignity of people?
    • Will it harm autonomy of people? • Need to focus intention?
    Intention is needed? Without intention, how we behave for
    • Will it secure self government? disaster preparedness?

    • How to increase (intervene)?


    Nagamatsu (2020) Policy Science needs policy recommendations. How
    Psychological findings lead to the recommendations?

    13 14

    References
    • Ajzen, I. (1991). ʻThe theory of planned behaviorʼ “Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
    Processes” 50(2), pp.179-211.
    • Mulilis J-P., & Lippa R.A. (1990). Behavioral change in earthquake preparedness due to negative
    threat appeals: a test of protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20,
    619‒638.
    • Loewenstein, G., Weber, E., U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological
    Bulletin, 127, 267-286.
    • Nagamatsu Shingo (2020) 4 Policy Paradigms on Emergency Evacuation in Disaster, Journal of
    Disaster Information Studies, 18(2), 159-164. (in Japanese)
    • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and
    happiness. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
    • Unagami, T., Kouda, S., Okamura, S. and Horita, T. (2012). Overview of Intention-Action Gap in
    Disaster Prevention Behavior. Bulletin of Aichi Institute of Technology, 47, 59-67. (in Japanese)

    15

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