Lesson 2 - Circulatory System

QUARTER 1 – LESSON 2
 Also known as the internal transport system

 It is made up of the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system
F NCTIONS OF THE CIRC LATORY SYSTEM
1. It transports nutrients and oxygen to various cells all over the body.
2. It collects wastes and transports them to respective organs where they would be
excreted.
3. It helps maintain fluid balance and normal body temperature.
4. It acts as a defense against harmful bacteria that may cause diseases.
3 TYPES OF CIRC LATION

1. Coronary - circulation of blood within the heart.
2. Pulmonary - circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs.
3. Systemic - circulation of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.
CARDIOVASC LAR SYSTEM

 Transports important nutrients throughout the body and removes metabolic
wastes.
 It is composed of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels.
A. HEART
 A hollow muscular organ
 Composed primarily of cardiac muscles and some connective tissues
 Is the pumping station of the circulatory system.
 It is as big as your fist.
 It is situated at the center of your chest and slightly tilted to the left.
 It is covered by a membrane called pericardium.
PERICARDI M
 Connective tissue that encloses the heart
 Contains a fluid that reduces friction between the surrounding organs when
the heart is beating.
4 CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
1. Right atrium - receives deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood from all parts of the
body.
2. Left atrium - receives oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood from the lungs.
3. Right ventricle - pumps deoxygenated blood toward the lungs (for oxygenation).
4. Left ventricle - pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta (the largest artery) and
then to all parts of the body.
VALVES
 It is between the atria and the ventricles.
 These structures are overlapping tissues that prevent the backflow of blood,
allowing blood to flow in one direction.
TRIC SPID VALVE

 The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
MITRAL VALVE / BICSPID VALVE

 The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
SEPT M
 It is a special wall separating the right and the left atria
 This special tissue prevents blood from flowing between the two atria or the
ventricles
B. BLOOD VESSELS
 Transport blood throughout the body
3 KINDS OF BLOOD VESSELS
1. Arteries
 The largest blood vessels consist of three layers.
 They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
 Their elastic walls accommodate the pumping of blood.

 The pulmonary artery – is the only artery that carries the

deoxygenated blood toward the lungs.
2. Veins
 Are thinner compared to arteries.
 Their function is to carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart,
except the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood to the heart.
 The largest vein in the human body is the vena cava
 Pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygen-rich blood

3. Capillaries
 Are the smallest blood vessels in the body.
 They enable the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and carbon dioxide
between the blood and the cells surrounding them.
C. BLOOD
 A connective tissue that looks like a plain red fluid.
 Composed of plasma (liquid portion of blood) that forms blood cells.
o Plasma makes up about 55% of the blood
 Clear, yellowish portion of the blood
 It is made up of different kinds of cells:

o Red blood cells (erythrocytes or RBCs)
 Cells with lack of nuclei
 Produced in the bone marrow, circulating for 120 days in the body
before they are recycled.
 After 120 days, the liver destroys the RBCs and decomposes into
heme and globin.
 Helps carry carbon dioxide from the capillaries then back to the lungs
where it is exhaled.
 Heme is further decomposed into iron and bilirubin.
 Globin - a protein needed for growth and development.

 Iron - a mineral needed by the body to produce RBCs
 Bilirubin - gives the bile its greenish-gray color,
 The main function of RBCs is to carry oxygen throughout the body.
 Rich in hemoglobin which binds with oxygen.
o White blood cells (leukocytes or WBCs)

 Are cells with nuclei
 They are produced by multipotent cells in the bone marrow.
 They are larger than RBCs in size but are fewer in number.
 An increase in their number indicates infection.
 Act as soldiers that defend the body from infections.
o Platelets (thrombocytes)
 Cells without nuclei
 Derived from megakaryocytes
 They are considered the smallest blood cells
 Their function is to prevent blood loss by clogging injured blood
vessels
 A protein called fibrin traps platelets that causes the clogging of
damaged blood vessels
HOW DOES BLOOD FLOW THRO GH THE HEART?

Process:
Vena Cava (superior or inferior)  right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle 
semilunar valve  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  left atrium 
bicuspid valve  left ventricle  aortic valve  aorta  body.

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QUARTER 1 – LESSON 2

 Also known as the internal transport system

3 TYPES OF CIRC LATION

2. Pulmonary - circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs.

CARDIOVASC LAR SYSTEM

2. Left atrium - receives oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood from the lungs.

TRIC SPID VALVE

MITRAL VALVE / BICSPID VALVE

3 KINDS OF BLOOD VESSELS

 Their elastic walls accommodate the pumping of blood.

 The pulmonary artery – is the only artery that carries the

 Pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygen-rich blood

 It is made up of different kinds of cells:

 Globin - a protein needed for growth and development.

 Iron - a mineral needed by the body to produce RBCs

 Bilirubin - gives the bile its greenish-gray color,

 The main function of RBCs is to carry oxygen throughout the body.

 Rich in hemoglobin which binds with oxygen.

o White blood cells (leukocytes or WBCs)

HOW DOES BLOOD FLOW THRO GH THE HEART?

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