Chemistry 2

CHEMISTRY 2
1. Which of the following carboxylic acids is the strongest acid?

a) Acetic acid
b) Formic acid
c) Propanoic acid
d) Benzoic acid
Answer: b) Formic acid

Explanation: Formic acid is stronger than acetic and propanoic acids because it has no
alkyl group, which is an electron-donating group that decreases acidity.
2. Which of the following conditions favors the formation of esters in a reaction

between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
a) Presence of a strong base
b) Heating in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄
c) Cold conditions and water
d) Use of a dilute acid
Answer: b) Heating in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄

Explanation: Esterification is catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid and proceeds faster
when heated.
3. Which of the following statements about adsorption is correct?

a) Adsorption is an exothermic process.
b) Adsorption is an endothermic process.
c) Adsorption increases with temperature.
d) Adsorption does not depend on the surface area of the adsorbent.
Answer: a) Adsorption is an exothermic process

Explanation: Adsorption involves the release of heat as molecules adhere to the surface,
making it an exothermic process.
4. The formation of micelles takes place only above a certain concentration known as:
a) Solubility limit
b) Surface tension
c) Critical micelle concentration (CMC)
d) Adsorption limit
Answer: c) Critical micelle concentration (CMC)

Explanation: Micelles are formed only when the concentration of surfactant molecules
exceeds the critical micelle concentration (CMC).
5. In the water molecule, the H-O-H bond angle is:

a) 104.5°
b) 109.5°
c) 90°
d) 120°
Answer: a) 104.5°
Explanation: The bond angle in a water molecule is 104.5°, slightly less than the tetrahedral
angle due to the lone pair-bond pair repulsion.
6. Heavy water (D₂O) is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors because:

a) It absorbs neutrons.
b) It increases the speed of neutrons.
c) It slows down the speed of neutrons.
d) It reacts with nuclear fuel to generate energy.
Answer: c) It slows down the speed of neutrons

Explanation: Heavy water is used as a moderator because it slows down fast neutrons,
enabling a sustained nuclear chain reaction.
7. Which of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment?

a) NH₃
b) H₂O
c) CO₂
d) SO₂
Answer: c) CO₂
Explanation: CO₂ is a linear molecule with symmetric charge distribution, leading to a zero
dipole moment.
8. Which of the following molecules is an example of octet rule violation?

a) CH₄
b) BF₃
c) CO₂
d) NH₃
Answer: b) BF₃
Explanation: In BF₃, boron has only six electrons in its valence shell, violating the octet
rule.
9. Which of the following species shows resonance?

a) NH₄⁺
b) CO₃²⁻
c) CH₄
d) HCl
Answer: b) CO₃²⁻
Explanation: The carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) exhibits resonance as the double bond between
carbon and oxygen can be delocalized across all three oxygen atoms.
10. 0.5 moles of an ideal gas at STP occupies a volume of:
a) 11.2 L
b) 22.4 L
c) 5.6 L
d) 44.8 L
Answer: a) 11.2 L
Explanation: At STP, 1 mole occupies 22.4 L. Therefore, 0.5 moles occupy 11.2 L.
11. The radius of the first Bohr orbit of hydrogen is approximately:

a) 0.53 Å
b) 1.06 Å
c) 0.13 Å
d) 2.12 Å
Answer: a) 0.53 Å
Explanation: The radius of the first Bohr orbit in hydrogen is 0.53 Å.
12. The equivalent mass of KMnO₄ in an acidic medium is 31.6 g/mol. What is its n-
factor?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 5
d) 3
Answer: c) 5
Explanation: In acidic medium, KMnO₄ acts as an oxidizing agent, reducing Mn⁷⁺ to Mn²⁺,
changing by 5 electrons. Thus, n-factor is 5.
13. The enthalpy of combustion of methane is -890.3 kJ/mol. This means:

a) The reaction is exothermic
b) The reaction is endothermic
c) Heat is absorbed
d) Methane cannot be combusted
Answer: a) The reaction is exothermic

Explanation: A negative enthalpy change indicates that the combustion of methane
releases energy, making it an exothermic reaction.
14. The standard electrode potential of a half-cell is measured under standard

conditions of:
a) 25°C and 1 atm pressure
b) 0°C and 1 atm pressure
c) 25°C and 1 M concentration
d) Both a and c
Answer: d) Both a and c

Explanation: Standard electrode potential is measured at 25°C (298 K) and 1 M
concentration of reactants under 1 atm pressure.
15. Which of the following compounds is an example of a primary alkyl halide?

a) CH₃CH₂Br
b) (CH₃)₂CHBr
c) CH₃Br
d) CCl₄
Answer: a) CH₃CH₂Br
Explanation: CH₃CH₂Br (ethyl bromide) is a primary alkyl halide because the carbon
bonded to the halogen is attached to only one other carbon.
16. The reactivity of halogens:

a) Decreases down the group
b) Increases down the group
c) Remains constant
d) Is independent of electronegativity
Answer: a) Decreases down the group

Explanation: The reactivity of halogens decreases down the group due to increasing atomic
size and decreasing electronegativity.
17. If the equilibrium constant K for a reaction is large (much greater than 1), this
means:
a) Reactants are favored
b) Products are favored
c) The reaction is very slow
d) The reaction is not spontaneous
Answer: b) Products are favored

Explanation: A large equilibrium constant indicates that the reaction favors the formation of
products at equilibrium.
18. For an exothermic reaction, increasing the temperature will:

a) Increase the equilibrium constant
b) Decrease the equilibrium constant
c) Have no effect
d) Increase the concentration of products
Answer: b) Decrease the equilibrium constant
Explanation: For an exothermic reaction, increasing temperature shifts the equilibrium
towards the reactants and decreases the equilibrium constant.
19. According to Ostwald’s Dilution Law, the degree of dissociation of a weak

electrolyte:
a) Increases with increasing concentration
b) Decreases with decreasing concentration
c) Increases with dilution
d) Remains constant at all concentrations
Answer: c) Increases with dilution

Explanation: Ostwald’s Dilution Law states that the degree of dissociation of a weak
electrolyte increases with dilution (decreasing concentration).
20. According to collision theory, for a reaction to occur:

a) Reactant molecules must collide with sufficient energy and correct orientation
b) Reactant molecules must be present in large quantities
c) Temperature must be very high
d) Reactant molecules must be of the same type
Answer: a) Reactant molecules must collide with sufficient energy and correct
orientation
Explanation: According to collision theory, effective collisions—those with the correct
orientation and enough energy (equal to or greater than the activation energy)—lead to the
formation of products.

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CHEMISTRY 2

1. Which of the following carboxylic acids is the strongest acid?

Answer: b) Formic acid

2. Which of the following conditions favors the formation of esters in a reaction

Answer: b) Heating in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄

3. Which of the following statements about adsorption is correct?

Answer: a) Adsorption is an exothermic process

Answer: c) Critical micelle concentration (CMC)

5. In the water molecule, the H-O-H bond angle is:

6. Heavy water (D₂O) is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors because:

Answer: c) It slows down the speed of neutrons

7. Which of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment?

8. Which of the following molecules is an example of octet rule violation?

9. Which of the following species shows resonance?

11. The radius of the first Bohr orbit of hydrogen is approximately:

13. The enthalpy of combustion of methane is -890.3 kJ/mol. This means:

Answer: a) The reaction is exothermic

14. The standard electrode potential of a half-cell is measured under standard

Answer: d) Both a and c

15. Which of the following compounds is an example of a primary alkyl halide?

16. The reactivity of halogens:

Answer: a) Decreases down the group

Answer: b) Products are favored

18. For an exothermic reaction, increasing the temperature will:

19. According to Ostwald’s Dilution Law, the degree of dissociation of a weak

Answer: c) Increases with dilution

20. According to collision theory, for a reaction to occur:

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