37

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Exercise – 3: Achievers Section

Ans. (b)
Single Choice Questions Sol.
nhc
Energy  ,where h=6.625  10 34 Js
1. Let mp be the mass of proton, mn that of a neutron, 
20
M1 that of a 10 Ne nucleus and M2 that of a 40 c  3  108 m sec 1
20 Ca
  550nm
nucleus. Then
(a) M 2  2M1 nhc n  6.625  1034  3  108
  n  0.0361 10 17 J
 550  10 9

(b) M1  10 mp  m n  10 17
Number of photons (n)=
(c) M 2  2M1 Energy of a photon
(d) M1  M 2 10 17
n  27.70  28
Ans. (a) 0.036110 17
20
Sol. 10 Ne contains 10 protons and 10 neutrons

 M1  10 m p  10 m n 4. 4000 Å photon is used to break the iodine molecule,

40 then the % of energy converted to the K.E. of iodine
Ca contains 20 protons and 20 neutrons
20
atoms if bond dissociation energy of I2 molecule is
 M 2  20 m p  20 m n
246.5 kJ/mol
 M 2  2 M1 (a) 8% (b) 12%
(c) 18% (d) 25%
Ans. (c)
2.
How long would it take a radiowave of frequency, 6 Sol. hν-hν 0 =KE
× 103 sec–1 to travel from Mars to Earth, a distance of hc 2×10 -25
Here,hν= = J  0.5  10 18 J
8 × 107km? λ 4000×10-10
(a) 266 sec (b) 246 sec
246.5×103
(c) 280 sec (d) None of these hν =246.5kJ/mol= J  40.92  10 20 J
0 23
Ans. (a) 6.023×10
Distance K.E  0.5  1018  40.92  10 20  50  1020
Sol. Time taken=
speed 40.92  10 20  9.08  10 20
8×107 ×103 m 9.08 1020
= =2.66×10-2 =266sec %  100  18.16%
3×108 m/sec 0.5  1018

3. Suppose 10–17J of light energy is needed by the 5. A photon of 300 nm is absorbed by gas and then re
interior of the human eye to see an object. The emits two photons. One re-emitted photon has
photons of green light (= 550 nm) needed to see the wavelength 496 nm, the wavelength of second re-
object are : emitted photon is:
(a) 27 (b) 28 (a) 757 (b) 857
(c) 29 (d) 30 (c) 957 (d) 657
Ans. (a)
 38
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Sol. Here we will use the conservation of energy Number of sodium atoms= 1104  6.023 1023
E1 =E 2 +E3 As per Planck’s Quantum theory, Energy is given
hc hc hc
= + by E= nch
λ1 λ 2 λ 3 λ
8 -34 23 -4
1 1 1 nch 3×10 ×6.63×10 ×6.023×10 ×10
E  =
= +  5890×10 -10
300 496 λ 3
= 0.02031kJ=2.03×10-2 kJ
1 1 1
= - Hence, 2.03×10-2 kJ energy is emitted.
λ 3 300 496
300×496 8. Find the frequency of light that corresponds to
λ3 =
496-300 photons of energy 5.0  10 5 erg
λ3 =759.1
(a) 7.5  10 21 sec 1 (b) 7.5  10 21 sec
(c) 7.5  10 21 sec 1 (d) 7.5  10 21 sec
6. Consider a 20 W light source that emits
monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm. The Ans. (c)
number of photons ejected per second in the form of Sol. Using E  h , we get
Avogadro’s constant NAV is approximately : E 5.0  105 erg
 
(a) NAV (b) 10–2NAV h 6.63 10 34 Js
(c) 10–4 NAV (d) 10–6 NAV 5.0  10 5 erg

Ans. (c) 6.63  10 34  107 erg sec
Energy 1J  107 erg 
Sol. Power =
Time
 7.54 1021 sec1
nhc
20=
λ×1sec
9. If a certain metal was irradiated by using two
20×600×10-9 different light radiations of frequency ‘x’ and ‘2x’,
n=
2×10 -25 the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons
n=6×10-19 are ‘y’ and ‘3y’ respectively. The threshold
N A =6.02×10 23 frequency of the metal will be:
(a) x/3 (b) x/2
 n  N A  10 4
(c) 3x/2 (d) 2x/3
Ans. (b)
7. When sodium compounds are heated in a Bunsen
Sol. h  h 0  K .E  0  Threshold frequency
burner flame, they emit light at a wavelength of 5890
–4 hx-hν 0 =y ………(i)
Å. If 1.0 × 10 moles of sodium atoms each emit a
photon of this wavelength, how many kilojoules of h.2x-hν 0 =3y …..(ii)
energy are emitted? hν 0 will be same as it is work function and it is a
–2 –3
(a) 2.03 × 10 kJ (b) 8.08 × 10 kJ property of a metal.
–2 –3
(c) 6.20 × 10 kJ (d) 2.03 × 10 kJ Divide(i) and (ii)
Ans. (a) h  x-ν 0  y
=
o h  2x-ν 0  3y
Sol. Given- Wavelength= 5890 A = 5890×10-10 m
3x-3ν0 =2x-ν0
Number of moles= 1104
 39
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

x=2ν 0 13. The velocity of electron in second shell of hydrogen

atom is :
x
ν0 = (a) 10.94  10 6 ms 1 (b) 18.88  10 6 ms 1
2
(c) 1.888  10 6 ms 1 (d) 1.094  10 6 ms 1
10. As electron moves away from the nucleus, its Ans. (d)
potential energy Sol. According to Bohr, velocity   of an electron is
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
given by relation.
(c) Remains constant (d) None of these
Ans. (a) Z
  2.188 106 m / s
Sol. As we move away from the nucleus, P.E increases. n
Here n = 2, and Z (for H) = 1
11. According to Bohr’s theory, the angular momentum of 2.188  106  1
 
an electron in 5th orbit is 2
h h  1.094  10 6 m / s
(a) 25 (b) 1.0
 
h h 14. The most probable radius (in pm) for finding the
(c) 10 (d) 2.5
  electron in He  is
Ans. (d) (a) 0.0 (b) 52.9
Sol. According to Bohr’s theory, the angular momentum (c) 26.5 (d) 105.8
of the nth orbit is given as: Ans. (c)
nh Sol. Bohr’s radius (r)
Angular momentum = Ln  , where, h = Planck’s
2 0.529  10 10 n 2 52.9 n 2
 m pm
constant, n = number of orbit. Z Z
Now, for the 5th orbit, n = 5. Putting the values in the Here n (No. of shell) = 1
above equation, we get; Z (for He) = 2
nh 52.9  12
Ln  r  26.45 pm
2 2
5h
 L5 
2 15. Which of the following electronic transition in a
5 h hydrogen atom will require the largest amount of
 L5  
2  energy?
h (a) From n = 1 to n = 2 (b) From n = 2 to n = 3
 L5  2.5
 (c) From n =  to n = 1 (d) From n = 3 to n = 5
Hence, the correct option is (d). Ans. (a)
Sol.  a  From n=1 to n=2
12. Bohr’s theory is not applicable to :
(a) H (b) He+ z2  z2 
E 2  E1  13.6   13.6 
(c) Li2+ (d) H+ 22  12 
Ans. (d)
=-3.4+13.6=10.2ev
Sol. Bohr’s theory is not applicable to H+ as it has no
electron.  b n=2 to n=3
1 1   -5 
E 3 -E 2 =-13.6z 2  -  =-13.6   =1.88ev
9 4  36 
 40
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

 c n   to n  1 n 2 -n-12=0
1 1 n 2 -4n+3n-12=0
E1  E   13.6z  2    13.6 1  0  13.6eV
2

1   n  n-4 +3 n-4 =0

 d  n=3 to n=5 n=4
 4
 1 1
E 5  E 3  13.6z 2     3
 25 9 

 16 
 13.6   
 25  9 
Minimum wavelength will be from 4  1
 0.967
maximum is 10.2ev 1  1 1 
 =RZ2  2 - 2 
λ  n1 n 2 
16. If the total energy of an electron in the 1st shell of H 1 2  1 1
atom = 0.0 eV then its potential energy in the 1st  R  2  2  2 
 1 4 
excited state would be
1 15
(a) +6.8 eV (b) +20.4 eV =4R×
(c) –6.8 eV (d) +3.4 eV λ 16
Ans. (a) 4
λ=
13.6 15R H
Sol. Energy of an electron in its nth orbit = 
n2
18. The frequency of light emitted for the transition n = 4 to
13.6
Total energy (1st excited state) =   3.4eV n = 2 of He+ is equal to the transition in H atom
42
Potential energy (1st excited state) =-6.8 eV as corresponding to which of the following?
potential energy is twice to that of kinetic energy (a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 2 to n = 1
In order to total energy equal to zero, we must add (c) n = 3 to n = 2 (d) n = 4 to n = 3
+6.8 eV. Ans. (b)
Hence, the correct answer is (a)+6.8 eV. Sol. The wavelength of the transition of an electron
between different orbits of He  ion can be given as,
17. The emission spectra are observed by the 1  1 1 
consequence of the transition of electrons from a  Z 2 RH  2  2  , where  is the wavelength, Z is
  n1 n2 
higher energy state to the ground state of He+ ion. Six
different photons are observed during the emission the atomic number and here Z = 2 and RH = Rydberg
spectra, then what will be the minimum wavelength Constant.
during the transition? For the transition of n = 4 to n = 2, n1 = 2& n2 = 4.
4 4 Putting the values,
(a) (b)
27R H 15R H 1  1 1
 22 RH  2  2 
15 16  2 4 
(c) (d)
16R H 15R H 1  22 22 
  RH  2  2 
Ans. (b)  2 4 
n  n-1 1 1 1 
Sol. Number of photons observed =6=   RH  2  2  ..........(i)
2  1 2 
12=n2 -n Now, for hydrogen, Z = 1, so, the formula becomes,
 41
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

1 1 1  is wavelength associated with electron wave) is

 RH  2  2  . given by :
  n1 n2 
(a) 2meV (b) meV
If we put the values of n1 = 1 & n2 = 2, we get the
(c) 2meV (d) meV
1 1 1 
equation:   RH  2  2  ..........(ii) Ans. (c)
 1 2  Sol. It is given in the question,
Now, comparing eq (i) and eq (ii) we get that eq (i) = Potential difference = V,
eq (ii). e = charge of the electron,
So, the wavelength of the transition of an electron m = mass of the electron
from n = 4 to n = 2 in He  ion is equal to the  = wavelength associated with the electron wave
wavelength of the transition of an electron from n = 2 Now, Kinetic energy can be expressed in terms of
to n = 1 in a hydrogen atom. electron volt as
Hence option (b) is the correct one. 1
E  mv 2  eV
2
19. The ionization enthalpy of the hydrogen atom is 1.312 Now, according to de Broglie's equation, the relation
× 106 J mol–1. The energy required to excite the between kinetic energy of an electron and its
electron in the atom from n = 1 to n = 2 is wavelength can be given as,
(a) 8.51 × 105 J mol–1 (b) 6.56 × 105 J mol–1 
h
, Where E is the Kinetic energy and h is
(c) 7.56 × 105 J mol–1 (d) 9.84 × 105 J mol–1 2 Em
Ans. (d) the Planck’s constant.
Sol. The ionization enthalpy of a hydrogen atom is Now, substituting the value of kinetic energy in the
above equation we get,
1.312 106 J mol1 . That means the energy of the
h h
n =1 orbit is the negative value of IE i.e.  
2 Em 2eVm
1.312 106 J mol1 .
h
So, E1  1.312  10 6 J mol 1   2meV

We know, the energy required to excite an electron Hence, option (c) is the correct one.
from n = 1 to n = 2 can be expressed as,
 1 1  21. In any subshell, the maximum number of electrons
E  E1   2  2 
n
 2 n1  having same value of spin quantum number is
 1 1 (a)     1 (b) l + 2
 E  1.312  10 6 J mol 1   2  2 
2 1  (c) 2l + 1 (d) 4l + 2
1  Ans. (c)
 E  1.312  10 6 J mol 1    1 
4  Sol. It will be equal to number of orbital which is given
3 by 2l + 1
 E  1.312  106 J mol 1 
4
1
 E  9.84  10 J mol
5
22. The correct set of four quantum numbers for the
Hence option (d) is the correct one. valence electrons of rubidium atom (Z=37) is :
1 1
20. A stream of electrons from a heated filament was (a) 5,1, 0  (b) 5,1,1 
2 2
passed between two charged plates kept at a potential 1 1
difference ‘V’ esu. If e and m are charge and mass of (c) 5, 0,1  (d) 5, 0, 0 
2 2
an electron, respectively, then the value of h/  (where
 42
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Ans. (d) (A) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the
Sol. The electronic configuration of rubidium (Z = 37) Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
can be given as: (B) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but
1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 10 4 s 2 4 p 6 5 s1 Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(C) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
So, the valence electron of rubidium is 5s1 .
(D) If the Reason is correct but Assertion is incorrect.
The principal quantum number in 5s1 will be 5.
So, n = 5 24. Choose the correct answer out of the following
The electron is in the s orbital. The azimuthal choices.
quantum number for s orbital is 0. So, l = 0. Assertion (A): Atoms are electrically neutral.
The s orbital has only one magnetic quantum number Reason (R): Number of protons and electrons are
which is 0. So, m = 0. different.
Since there is only 1 electron in the s orbital, the spin (a) A (b) B
1 1 (c) C (d) D
quantum number is assumed to be  . So, s = 
2 2 Ans. (c)
So, the correct set of four quantum numbers (n, l, m, Sol. Atoms are electrically neutral as number of electrons
1 and protons are same. Hence, assertion is true but the
s) is 5, 0, 0,  .
2 reason is false.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
25. Assertion (A): The radius of the first orbit of
23. The number of unpaired d-electrons retained in hydrogen atom is 0.529Å.
Fe2+(At. no. of Fe = 26) ion is Reason (R): Radius of each circular orbit
(a) 6 (b) 3 (rn)=0.529Å (n2/Z), where n = 1, 2, 3 and Z = atomic
(c) 4 (d) 5 number.
Ans. (c) (a) A (b) B
Sol. The ground state electronic configuration of Fe can (c) C (d) D
Ans. (a)
be written as,  Ar  3d 4s .
6 2
Sol. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
For, Fe2 the electronic configuration can be written correct explanation of assertion.
as  Ar  3d 4s n 2h2 n2
6 0 o
Radius, rn    0.529 
4e mZ Z
2
The d orbital has 5 subshells. So, the electronic spin
For first orbit of H-atom
arrangement of the electrons for the configuration
n=1
3d 6 can be shown as:
1
2
o o
r1   0.529 A  0.529 A
1

So, there are 4 unpaired d-electrons and thus the 26. Assertion (A): For Balmer series of hydrogen
number of unpaired d electrons retained in Fe2 ion spectrum, the value n1  2 and n 2  3,4,5 .
is 4, which is an option (c). Reason (R): The value of n for a line in Balmer
series of hydrogen spectrum having the highest
wavelength is 4 and 6.
Assertion-Reason Type Questions (a) A (b) B
While answering these questions, you are required to (c) C (d) D
choose any one of the following four responses.
 43
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Ans. (c) Now the energy 10.2ev of His transferred to He

+

Sol. The value of n for a line in Balmer series of ion.

hydrogen spectrum having the highest wavelength +
So now energy of electron of He ion in n=2 will
will be n1  2 and n 2  3 because this transition will
be ΔΕ=-13.6-  -54.4 =40.8
have lowest energy and so highest wavelength.
  +
Now energy of e in H is transferred to e in He
27. Assertion (A): It is impossible to determine the exact So total energy= 40.8+10.2=51.0ev by getting this
position and exact momentum of an electron 
energy e will go to n=4 as
simultaneously.
Reason (R): The path of an electron in an atom is ΔE=E4 -E1 =-3.4-  -54.4 =51.0ev
clearly defined. n=4
(a) A (b) B 29. The wavelength of light emitted in the visible region
(c) C (d) D by He+ ions after collisions with H atoms is :
Ans. (c) (a) 6.5 × 10–7 m (b) 5.6 × 10–7 m
Sol. Path of an electron in an atom is not clearly –7
(c) 4.8 × 10 m (d) 4.0 × 10–7 m
defined. Hence, it is impossible to determine the Ans. (c)
exact position and exact momentum of an electron 
Sol. In visible region Balmer series e has to come
simultaneously. So, the assertion is true but the
from n=4 to n=2
reason is false.
1 1
E  13.6 z 2  2  2 
Comprehension based questions  n1 n 2 
ch 1 1 
 13.6  4    eV  h  4.1 1015 ev  s 
+ +
In a mixture of H – He gas (He is singly ionized He   9 16 
atom), H atoms and He+ ions are excited to their 15
4.110  3  108 7
respective first excited states. Subsequently, H atoms   13.6  4 
 ( m) 9  16
transfer their total excitation energy to He+ ions (by
4.11015  3  108
collisions). Assuming that the Bohr model of the   m  4.68  107 m
7
atom is applicable, answer the following questions. 13.6  4 
9  16
28. The quantum number, n of the state finally populated
in He+ ions is :
30. The ratio of the potential energy of the n = 2 electron
(a) 2 (b) 3
for the H atom to that of He+ ion is :
(c) 4 (d) 5
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
Ans. (c)
(c) 1 (d) 2
Sol. Energy level for He + Energy level for H atom
Ans. (a)
n  4   3.4ev n  4  0.85ev Sol. PE=2TE
n = 3-----------6.04eV n = 3---------1.51eV The ratio of P.E of H and He+ would be the
n  2   13.6ev n  2   3.4ev
same as the ratio of T.E of H and He + for any
n  1  54.4ev n  1  13.6ev orbit.

when e  get energy it

For e to go form n  1 PE2  H  TE2 H  3.4 1
   
goes to1st excited state
to n  2 it will take PE2  He  TE2 He  13.6 4


     13.6 
i.e.n  2
 10.2ev