Report For Bu2

REPORT FOR BU2 – GROUP 1 (PPT)
TITLE - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IN PLANS
CONTENT DEFINITION
The Mechanical system of a building – heating, ventilation, and air conditioning – provides indoor
environmental comfort to occupants by maintaining thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality.
Mechanical systems provide ventilation, reduce air infiltration, and maintain pressure relationships
between spaces.
Cooling, heating, and ventilation of the building interior have the following components:
• Primary Heating and/or Cooling Units
• Primary Air Handling Equipment
• Air Distribution
• Water Distribution
• Controls
The mechanical plan specifies the design of or the modifications to the mechanical system,
ductwork layout and dimensions, mechanical equipment location, damper locations, design air-
delivery rates, diffuser locations, thermostat locations, and supplemental cooling systems if
required.
5 Types of Mechanical Systems

• Variable Air Volume (VAV) rooftop units
• Boiler/chiller systems
• Variant Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems
Market One uses a VRF system to meet historic tax credit requirements.
• Air-source heat pumps

• Ground-source heat pumps
Combined systems work well for buildings with varying occupancy numbers.
TITLE- INTRODUCTION TO HVAC
CONTENT DEFINITION -
HVAC systems are complex systems consisting of heat and mass transfer equipment, such as chiller,
boiler, heating/cooling coils and supply air ducts, having to deal with several interrelated variables, such
as air temperature, humidity, and velocity, which are subjected to different external disturbances, such
as external air temperature, solar radiation, and weather.
ALL-AIR SYSTEMS
Some of the advantages of all-air systems are as follows:
• Centralized location of equipment consolidates maintenance and operations.

• The ability to cool with outside air by incorporating a fresh air or economizer cycle, which
provides free cooling to all spaces during mild weather and to interior spaces in the winter.
• A wide choice of zones
• A convenient means of humidity control
• Return air or exhaust fans that are often incorporated into air systems to provide improved
control of air circulation and building pressurization. On large systems, return air fans are a
distinct advantage in preventing doors from being blown open or being hard to open. They can
also help control “stack effect” in high-rise buildings.
SINGLE-ZONE SYSTEMS
The single-zone system is the most fundamental type of air conditioning system.
Single-Zone Air-Handling System

MULTIZONE SYSTEMS
Refers to an air-handling unit that is specifically designed to provide multiple areas throughout a building
with individual space temperature control simultaneously.
Multizone Air-Handling System
Reheat Systems
A reheat system is a variation of an all-air system.
Terminal Reheat Air-Handling System
TITLE - THEORY OF HEAT AND HEAT TRANSFER
CONTENT DEFINITION –
HEAT – Is not the same as temperature. Heat is kinetic energy; temperature is a measurement of how
intense that kinetic energy is.
• Heat always moves from warmer areas to colder areas.

• The greater the temperature difference, the faster heat flows.
• Air contains moisture vapor.
HEAT TRANSFER- Heat moves through building assemblies primarily in three ways: by conduction, by
convection, and by radiation.
Heat Transfer Theory can be transferred by three methods:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
TITLE – AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM

CONTENT DEFINITION –
Air conditioning is often referred to as aircon, AC or A/C. it features a fan that distributes the conditioned
air to the enclosed space. The enclosed space is often building and car.
An air conditioning system is an electrical device that is purposely installed for the removal of heat and
moisture from the interior of an occupied space. It is a process that is commonly used to achieve a
more comfortable environment, basically for humans and other animals.
FUNCTIONS OF THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Below are the major functions of an air conditioning system in modern houses:
• The primary purpose of air conditioning is to create a room climate comfortable for
humans.
• Some special type of conditioning system is used to cool the temperature of electric
devices.
• It controls the humidity of a room as 30 to 65% is permitted while the temperature should
be between 20 and 26 degrees Celsius.
• Air conditioning system affects the room air to comfort people and their productivity is not
impeded.
• The condition of the air is characterized by temperature, pressure, and humidity. The air
pressure is not changed.
• Air conditioning systems can be for heating, dehumidifying, cooling, and humidifying.
COMPONENTS OF AN AIR CONDITIONER

• Compressor
• Condenser Oil
• Thermostat
• Evaporator
• Air Handler and Blowing Unit
9 TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONERS AND HOW TO USE
• Central Air Conditioning – effective whole-home cooling
• Window Air Conditioners – cooling a single room to a small home
• Portable Air Conditioners – rooms under 500 square feet
• Ductless Mini Split Air Conditioners – homes without an HVAC system
• Floor-Mounted Air Conditioners – cooling rooms with high ceiling

• Smart Air Conditioner – efficient, remote-control cooling
• Geothermal Air Conditioner – a home you plan to stay for long-term.
• Dual Fuel Air Conditioner – rural areas and home with solar energy.
• Evaporative Air Conditioner – low-cost cooling method for warm, dry climates

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REPORT FOR BU2 – GROUP 1 (PPT)

TITLE - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IN PLANS

5 Types of Mechanical Systems

• Air-source heat pumps

Some of the advantages of all-air systems are as follows:

• Centralized location of equipment consolidates maintenance and operations.

Single-Zone Air-Handling System

Terminal Reheat Air-Handling System

TITLE - THEORY OF HEAT AND HEAT TRANSFER

• Heat always moves from warmer areas to colder areas.

TITLE – AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS OF THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

COMPONENTS OF AN AIR CONDITIONER

• Window Air Conditioners – cooling a single room to a small home

• Portable Air Conditioners – rooms under 500 square feet

• Ductless Mini Split Air Conditioners – homes without an HVAC system

• Floor-Mounted Air Conditioners – cooling rooms with high ceiling

• Geothermal Air Conditioner – a home you plan to stay for long-term.

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