Sampling Method

Objectives:
● Determine the differences between population
and sample;
● Differentiate probability from non-probability
sampling methods;
● Describe the different sampling methods: and
● Identify which sampling method best fit your
group.

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 Population Vs. Sample
POPULATION SAMPLE
● The population is the ● The sample is the
entire group that you specific group of
want to draw individuals that you
conclusions about. will collect data from.

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 1.
Sampling Method
What is a Sampling?
● Sampling is a technique of selecting individual
members or a subset of the population to make
statistical inferences from them and estimate
the characteristics of the whole population.

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What is a Sampling Frame?
● The sampling frame is the actual list of
individuals that the sample will be drawn from.
● Ideally, it should include the entire target
population (and nobody who is not part of that
population).

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What is a Sampling Size?
● The number of individuals you should include in
your sample depends on various factors,
including the size and variability of the
population and your research design.

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 2.
Types of
Sampling Methods
 Two Types of Sampling Methods
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
❏ A sampling technique where a researcher selects a
few criteria and chooses members of a population
randomly.
❏ All the members have an equal opportunity to
participate in the sample with this selection parameter.

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 Two Types of Sampling Methods
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

❏ A sampling technique where a researcher randomly

chooses members for research.
❏ This sampling method is not a fixed or predefined
selection process.

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Probability
Sampling

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❏ A technique where every SIMPLE RANDOM
item in the population
has an even chance and
likelihood of being
selected.
❏ The selection of items
entirely depends on luck
or probability.

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 Simple Random Sampling Methods

❏ They prepare a list of all the population members

initially, and each member is marked with a specific
number ( for example, if there are nth members,
then they will be numbered from 1 to N).

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 Simple Random Sampling Methods
❏ Researchers from this population choose random
samples using random number tables and random
number generator software. Researchers prefer
random number generator software, as no human
interference is necessary to generate samples.

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● You want to select a simple random
sample of 1000 employees of a
social media marketing company.
You assign a number to every
employee in the company database
from 1 to 1000, and use a random
number generator to select 100
numbers.

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 Simple Random Sampling Methods
METHOD OF LOTTERY
❏ Using the lottery method is one of the oldest ways
and is a mechanical example of random sample.
❏ Researchers draw numbers from the box randomly to
choose samples. In this method, the researcher gives
each member of the population a number.

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● An organization of 500 employees,

if the HR team decides on

conducting team-building activities,
they would likely prefer picking
chits out of a bowl.

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❏ Every member of the SYSTEMATIC
population is listed with
a number, but instead
of randomly generating
numbers, individuals
are chosen at regular
intervals.

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● A researcher intends to collect a
systematic sample of 500 people in a
population of 5000.
● He/she numbers each element of the
population from 1-5000 and will choose
every 10th individual to be a part of the
sample

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● All employees of the company are listed in
alphabetical order.
● From the first 10 numbers, you randomly
select a starting point: number 6.
● From number 6 onwards, every 10th
person on the list is selected (6, 16, 26, 36,
and so on), and you end up with a sample
of 100 people.

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❏ A method where the CLUSTER
researchers divide the
entire population into
sections or clusters
representing a
population.

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❏ Clusters are identified CLUSTER
and included in a
sample based on
demographic
parameters like age,
sex, location, etc.

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● Suppose the United States government
wishes to evaluate the number of
immigrants living in the Mainland US. In
that case, they can divide it into clusters
based on states

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Non-probability
Sampling

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❏ A convenience sample CONVENIENCE
simply includes the
individuals who
happen to be most
accessible to the
researcher.

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● You are researching opinions about
student support services in your
university, so after each of your
classes, you ask your fellow students
to complete a survey on the topic.

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● Startups and NGOs usually conduct
convenience sampling at a mall to
distribute leaflets of upcoming events
or promotion of a cause – they do
that by standing at the mall entrance
and giving out pamphlets randomly.

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❏ Involves the PURPOSIVE
researcher using their
expertise to select a
sample that is most
useful to the purposes
of the research.

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● You want to know more about the
opinions and experiences of
disabled students at your university.

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When researchers want to
understand the thought process of
people interested in studying for
their master’s degree.

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❏ If the population is SNOWBALL
hard to access,
snowball sampling can
be used to recruit
participants via other
participants

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❏ The downside is that SNOWBALL
you have no way of
knowing your sample
due to the reliance on
participants recruiting
others.

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You are researching experiences of
homelessness in your city. Since
there is no list of all homeless
people in the city, probability
sampling isn’t possible.

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You meet one person who agrees
to participate in the research, and
she puts you in contact with other
homeless people that she knows in
the area.

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