EAPP REVIEWER 1

PROFESSIONAL VS ACADEMIC WRITING - coordinating conjunctions

Professional writing

- words are in jargon type NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS

- used in businesses
1. Structure- basic structure that is consist of
- scriptwriter/film makers
introduction, body, and conclusion.
- used in certain nature
2. Tone- attitude of the author towards the text
Academic writing ‘
3. Complexity- addresses complex issues that
- scholarly in nature
require higher-order thinking skills

4. Language – use of formal set of language

Language- system of spoken, signed, and
5. Evidence-based- based on a pertinent body of
written
knowledge
Words
6. Thesis-driven- more serious type of subject
that is usually applied on a research project

Formal language 7. Citation- APA citation

- used for professional and academic

purposes
FEATURES
- no colloquialism and contractions
involved 1. Formality- use of language appropriate in
- no using of personal pronouns academic and professional writing
- less personal
2. Complexity- use of more lexical words than
Informal language grammatical words
- used when communicating, writing, or 3. Objectivity- emphasis should be on the
having conversation with family and information you want to give and is also
friends characterized by third person
- more casual and spontaneous
- more personal 4. Explicitness- organization of ideas in texts and
shows the relationships of ideas
Academic
5. Hedging – express claims that’s not have been
- variety of words claimed by others yet
- non sophisticated vocabulary
- sentences start with transition words 6. Precision- specifying information, dates,
such as however, moreover, in addition figures

Social 7. Accuracy- sentences are free from

grammatical errors
- repetition of words
- sentences start with and, but
- use of slang “guys”
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- not retelling every detail of the story

TEXT STRUCTURES THESIS STATEMENT

- refer to the way authors organize Thesis statement

information in texts
- main idea or main point of an
1. Narrative- narrates an event/ story with informational text.
characters, setting, conflict, point of view, and - serves as a roadmap
plot - can be expressed anywhere in the
selection but can usually be found in
2. Chronological/sequence- present
introduction
ideas/events in order which they happen
- Thesis statements can also be explicit
3. Cause and Effect - provide or implicit.
explanations/reasons for phenomena - Implicit thesis statements do not
clearly express the main idea of a text.
4. Problem and Solution – identify problems and On the other hand, explicit thesis
post solutions statements express the main idea
5. Compare and Contrast – discuss two ideas, clearly and directly in the text read.
events, or phenomena, showing how they are
different or how they are similar KEY ELEMENTS OF A STRONG THESIS
6. Definition or Description- describes a topic by STATEMENT
listing characters, features, attributes and 1. It is not a fact. A fact is irrefutable.
examples 2. It is not a question.
TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING TEXTS 3. It is not an announcement.
4. It is not too broad.
Summarizing 5. It is a complete sentence.
- how we take larger section of text and 6. It requires support.
reduce them to their bare essentials 7. It takes a stand.
8. It is arguable.
Technique 1: Somebody wanted but so then

- generalize and recognize cause and LITERARY APPROACHES

effect relationship and find main ideas
1. FORMALISM- focusing on style, structure
Technique 2: SAAC method
-a.k.a. structuralist
- any kind of text
- state, assign, action, complete -elements of the story

Technique 3: 5W’s and 1H 2. MARXIST- Karl Marx

Technique 4: First then finally -standing in higher key

- summarize events in chronological 3. HISTORICAL- activities/events derived from

order the past

Technique 5: Give me the Gist 4. FEMINIST- stereotyping about woman

 EAPP REVIEWER 3

5. Reader-response- emotion that the reader 5. Conflict- problem that must be solved
got from the text
Internal conflict: man vs. self
- how are you going to
External Conflicts: man vs. man, man vs. nature,
interpret the text
man vs. society, man vs. fate
6. Biographical Literary- author’s life
6. POINT OF VIEW
documentary
 First person point of view- you are the
character, pronouns used are I and me
CRITIQUE  Third person point of view – he, she
- Third person limited- knows the
- Method of disciplined, systematic study
thoughts and feelings of only one
of a written or oral discourse.
character
- Commonly understood as fault-finding
- Third person omniscient- knows the
Literary Criticism- gives us a window thoughts and feelings of all the
character

7. Theme- central/general message, main idea,

ELEMENTS OF THE STORY controlling topic, moral lesson
1. Setting- create a mood / atmosphere FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES
- make action seem more real 1. Simile- comparison of two things using like or
- source of conflict / struggle as

- symbolize an idea 2. Metaphor- two things are compared directly

or without using like or as
2, Mood- feelings that author tries to convey
3. Personification- giving human traits to objects
- how the reader feels after reading the and ideas
text
4. Hyperbole- exaggerated to show extreme
3. Characters- protagonist (labeled as good)- feeling or effects
static and dynamic
5. Understatement- expression with less
- antagonist (labeled as bad) strength than expected – opposite of hyperbole
4. Plot- sequence of events 6. Onomatopoeia- a word that makes a sound
 Exposition- introduction “splat!”
 Rising action- events occur as a 7. Idiom- a saying that isn’t meant to be taken
result of conflict literally
 Climax- highest or turning point of
the story 8. Pun- a form of word plays in which words
 Falling action- tension eases, shows have double meaning
the result 9. Proverb- a figurative saying in which a bit of
 Denouement- ending of the story wisdom is given
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10. Oxymoron- when two words are put Rhyme Scheme – pattern of end rhymes that
together that contradict each another opposite - may be designated
“jumbo shrimp”, “beautiful disaster”

11. Paradox- used of two opposing words but

still have meaning even if they are separated.
RHYTHM AND METER

Rhythm- pattern of sound created by the

Formal way to write a critique
arrangement of stressed and unstressed
I- Introduction- state the title of the work and syllables
the author’s name (objective)
Meter- syllables (regular pattern)
-outline main ideas and identify
Feet or foot- meter per line
the author’s thesis (objective)
Iambic Pentameter
- state your own thesis statement
and your main idea - most common type of meter
- consisting of initial untested
A- Analysis- state what you like and do not like
syllables followed by a stressed
about the text (subjective)
syllables
- interpret and evaluate the text
CONNOTATION AND DENOTATION
based on;
Connotation- the emotional and imaginative
 How text is organized
association surrounding a word
 Style and rhetorical devices
- your interpretation of word
C- Conclusion- restate your thesis in few words
Denotation- strict dictionary meaning of word
- summarize the main ideas with
new and shorter words

ELEMENTS OF POETRY ELEMENTS OF POETRY

- literary expression Diction- choice of words by an author
- speaker, voice, talks to the reader
- speaker is not necessarily the poet Mood- attitude of reader
- line – words or row of words Tone- attitude of author
SOUND DEVICES

 Alliteration – repetition of consonant TYPES OF POETRY

sound at the beginning
 Onomatopoeia – all the sounds 1. Narrative Poetry – poetry that tells story

Rhyme – repetition of the same stressed vowels  Ballad- a song or poem that tells
a story, dramatic and exciting
Internal Rhyme- occurs within a line of poetry  Epics- long narrative poem on
End Rhyme – occurs at the end of the lines great and serious heroic ideas
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2. Dramatic Poetry- one or more character

speaks

3. Lyric Poetry- speaker’s personal thoughts and

feelings

 Haiku- Japanese haiku- unrhymed poem

containing 17 syllables
 Sonnets- 14 line with final couplet
stanza
 Free verse – no fixed patter of meter
and rhyme