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RNW Reviewer

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Reading Benefits Conjuctions

- Cognitive development 1. Coordinating – for, and, nor, but,


- Stress reduction or, yet, so
- Vocabulary expansion 2. Correlative – 2 sets of words
- Lifelong learning example: neither/nor, either/or
- Empathy and emotional intelligence
3. Subordinating – 2 sets of clauses
Writing Benefits
- Communication skills
Parallel Structure – use of similar
- Critical thinking
- Stress reduction structure in related words.
- Increased productivity 1. Gerund – hiking, swimming
- Memory improvement 2. Infinitive – to hike, to swim

Text - anything that conveys a set of meanings, TECHNIQUES IN SELECTED AND


conveys a coherent and meaningful messages ORGANIZING INFORMATION
Discourse - spoken or written communication
between people 1. Brainstorming List – creative
thinking technique
Cohesion a. Mindmap – listing, drawing
- Microlevel of the text b. Round robin – assigning task
- Binds sentence and paragraph together c. Starbursting – who, what,
Achieving good cohesion: where, when, why, how
1. Transition words – cohesive devices or d. Brainwriting – writing your
linking words
idea
a. Additive – introduces ideas that
support a previous one
2. Outline – bluebrint for writing,
example: and, for instance, organization tool.
similarly, in other words 3. Graphic Organizer – visual
b. Adversitive – signal contrasting display
example: but, however, despite, a. Venn diagram – similarities
ofcourse, instead and differences
c. Causal – cause and effect b. Hierarchy chart – company’s
example: therefore, in case, so that, position or structure
because c. Frayer model – definition,
d. Sequential – ideas in chronological characteristics, examples,
order
non-examples
example: initially, afterward, first, in
conclusion, eventually
d. Flow chart – sequence, steps,
2. Reference words – pronouns order
3. Repeated words – same idea, synonym e. Spider map – organized
4. Ellipsis – leaving out a word information
5. Substitution – one, do, so, have, be f. Problem – solution map
Coherence
- Macrolevel of the text
- Smooth flow
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING g. Negation – not or antonym
- Way that an essay is organized h. Synonyms

1. Narration 5. Classification
- vivid description of details - Breaking while into parts (division)
- consistent pov and verb tense Principles:
- show rather than tell 1. Consistency – parallel similarity
a. setting – place, time 2. Exclusiveness – no overlapping
b. character – antagonist, protagonist among terms
c. plot – exposition, rising action, climax, 3. Completeness – no important part
falling action, resolution is emitted
d. theme – main idea (ex. Family)
e. pov – first, third, omniscient (author’s
pov) 6. Exemplification
Narrative Devices: - Process of enumerating
1. Anecdote (short story) - Giving examples
2. Flashback (rewind)
3. Flashforward (skip) 7. Cause and effect
4. Time stretch - Causal analysis
5. Time summarizing - Problem solution type
6. Dialogue - Answers “why” and “how”

2. Description PROPERTIES OF A WELL WRITTEN TEXT


- Details about object, person, or location - Must be clear, concise, engaging
- Clear focus and sense of purpose
- Sensory details and precise words 1. Organization – prewriting helps a writer
- Detailed in logical order explore a topic and figure out what to
a. Objective – facts, scientific say, articulating your purpose
characteristic a. Thesis statement – one or two
b. Subjective – opinion, feelings sentence, clear and specific, short and
simple, generates a critical question,
3. Comparison & contrast includes an opinion
- Likeness or similarities b. Outline - a written plan for the essay,
blueprint, has topic sentence,
4. Definition supporting ideas, and concluding
- Language is dynamic sentence
- Exploring and discovering c. Presenting information – chronological
- literal, primary (denotation) (expository), empahtic (persuasive),
- secondary (connotation) spatial (descriptive)

a. Analysis – breaking down a concept 2. Coherence & Cohesion


b. Collocation – term that are associated
with the concept 3. Language use
c. Comparison and contrast a. Informal – conversational, contractions
d. Etymology – origin of the word Example: call off, put off
e. Extended definition – personal b. Formal – professionalism
interpretation Example: cancel, postpone
f. Function – purpose
4. Mechanics – rules and techniques
a. Capitalization – months, “I”, names,
titles, start of sentence
b. Punctuation
1. period (.) – end a sentence
2. comma(,) – break or pause
3. Exclamation point (!) –
interjections
4. colon (:) – introduce a list
5. apostrophe (‘) – ownership
6. hyphenated (-) – joining words
together
7. quotation mark (“) – speech,
title, song
8. semi colon (;) – links 2 related
sentences
9. dash (--) – sets apart an idea or
element
10. Ellipsis (…) – signals omitted
informations

Thesis statement
- The author’s stan, claim, belief, or idea
a. Topic – the general topic
b. Controlling idea – the claim
c. Sub topic – supporting details to
prove the claim

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