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    report on cost estimation

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    Ali Akkas
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    Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline

    Khulna University

    Project Report

    Course No: ECE 4208

    Course Title: Optoelectronics Devices and Optical Communication Sessional

    Submitted To:

    Professor Dr. Md. Shamim Ahsan

    ECE Discipline

    Khulna University.

    Submitted By:

    Student ID: 200932, 200933, 200934, 200936

    ECE Discipline

    Khulna University.

    Date of Submission: 8th Dec, 2024


    Title: Performance Evaluation of a WDM-Based Free Space Optical Communication System.

    Abstract
    This paper investigates the performance of a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)-based
    Free Space Optics (FSO) communication system. The system combines multiple optical channels
    and transmits them over an atmospheric medium. The setup, developed in OptiSystem, integrates
    key optical components such as pseudo-random bit sequence generators, NRZ pulse generators,
    Mach-Zehnder modulators, and an FSO channel. The results demonstrate the system's robustness
    against attenuation and beam divergence, emphasizing its feasibility for high-speed, wireless
    optical communication applications.

    Keywords: WDM, FSO, Optical Communication, BER Analysis, Simulation.

    1. Introduction

    The increasing demand for high-speed wireless communication has driven the adoption of Free
    Space Optics (FSO) technology, which provides a cost-effective, high-capacity alternative to
    traditional fiber optics. Integrating Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) with FSO
    enhances the data rate by transmitting multiple optical channels over the same free-space path.
    This paper presents a simulation-based performance evaluation of a WDM-FSO system
    implemented in OptiSystem.

    2. System Architecture

    The proposed WDM-FSO communication system comprises the following major components:

    ● Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator: Generates random binary sequences for data
    transmission.
    ● NRZ Pulse Generator: Converts binary sequences into electrical signals using
    Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) encoding.
    ● CW Laser: Provides continuous wave optical carriers at wavelengths 1550 nm and 1580
    nm, each with 20 dBm power.
    ● Mach-Zehnder Modulator: Modulates the CW laser with electrical data signals.
    ● WDM Multiplexer/Demultiplexer: Combines and separates multiple optical channels
    based on their wavelengths.
    ● FSO Channel: Transmits optical signals over a free-space path with a 1 km range, 10
    dB/km attenuation, and 1 mrad beam divergence.
    ● Optical Receivers: Detect optical signals and convert them back into electrical signals.
    ● BER Analyzer: Measures the bit error rate (BER) for performance evaluation.
    3. Simulation Setup:

    Fig1: Simulation setup

    The simulation is conducted with the following parameters:

    ● Bit Rate: 10 Gbps per channel.


    ● Sequence Length: 1024 bits.
    ● Samples per Bit: 32.
    ● Receiver Cutoff Frequency: 0.75×Symbol Rate.
    ● FSO Channel Parameters:
    ○ Range: 1 km.
    ○ Attenuation: 10 dB/km.
    ○ Beam Divergence: 1 mrad.

    Two independent data channels at wavelengths 1550 nm and 1560 nm are multiplexed using a
    WDM multiplexer, transmitted through the FSO channel, and demultiplexed at the receiver.
    4. Results and Discussion:

    Fig2: Optical Spectrum analyzer in transmitter side

    Fig3: Optical Spectrum analyzer after Mux


    Fig4: Optical Spectrum analyzer after channel

    Fig5: Optical Spectrum analyzer after Demux


    Fig6: BER analyzer in receiver 1

    Fig7: BER analyzer in receiver 2


    4.1. BER Analysis

    The BER analyzer at the receiver evaluates the error rate for each channel under the simulated
    conditions. Both channels exhibit minimal BER, demonstrating the system's capability to
    maintain high data integrity despite atmospheric impairments.

    4.2. Optical Spectrum Analysis

    The optical spectrum analyzers confirm minimal spectral distortion across the transmission path.
    The WDM multiplexer and demultiplexer operate effectively, ensuring accurate wavelength
    separation and minimal cross-channel interference.

    4.3. Impact of FSO Channel Parameters

    The attenuation (10 dB/km) and beam divergence (1 mrad) impose challenges on the optical
    beam's power and alignment. However, the high-power CW lasers (20 dBm) and robust receiver
    design mitigate these effects, ensuring successful signal recovery at the receiver end.

    5. Conclusion

    This study presents the design and simulation of a Wavelength Division Multiplexing
    (WDM)-based Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system capable of high-speed data
    transmission. Using OptiSystem software, the system integrates essential components like
    Mach-Zehnder modulators, WDM multiplexers/demultiplexers, and an FSO channel to achieve
    dual-channel communication at 10 Gbps per channel. Despite challenges such as free-space
    attenuation (10 dB/km) and beam divergence (1 mrad), the system effectively maintained low bit
    error rates (BER) and ensured signal integrity.

    The use of high-power Continuous Wave (CW) lasers played a significant role in overcoming
    attenuation, while optical spectrum analyzers verified the efficient channel separation and
    reduced crosstalk achieved by the WDM components. These results highlight the ability of
    WDM to enhance spectral efficiency and system throughput, demonstrating its suitability for
    next-generation optical communication networks.

    This research underscores the potential of WDM-FSO systems to support scalable, high-speed
    communication. Future work could explore advanced modulation formats, adaptive beam
    alignment, and error correction techniques to further improve performance under dynamic
    atmospheric conditions. Overall, the system provides a strong foundation for developing robust
    and efficient optical communication solutions to meet the growing demand for high-speed
    wireless data transmission.
    References

    1. Optical Wireless Communications: System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB, Z.


    Ghassemlooy, W. Popoola, S. Rajbhandari.
    2. Free-Space Optics: Propagation and Communication, C. Boisrobert, H. Sizun.
    3. OptiSystem User Guide, Optiwave Systems Inc.
    4. "On the Performance of FSO Communication System with WDM and MIMO Structure
    under Different Turbulent Atmospheric Conditions" - Journal of Optical Communications​
    5. "WDM Free-Space Optical Communication System of High-Speed Hybrid Signals" -
    IEEE Xplore​.
    6. "Experimental Demonstration of FSO-WDM for High-Capacity Applications in Urban
    Environments" - Optical Engineering Research​.
    7. "Performance Analysis of WDM-Based Free-Space Optical Communication under
    Atmospheric Turbulence" - MDPI Photonics Journal​.
    8. "Improved BER Performance in WDM-FSO Systems with Adaptive Modulation
    Techniques" - SpringerLink​.
    9. "Hybrid FSO/WDM Systems for Urban Communication: A Survey and New
    Developments" - Elsevier​.
    10. "Wavelength Assignment Algorithms in FSO-WDM Systems for Improved Capacity" -
    Journal of Lightwave Technology​.
    11. "Impact of Fog and Rain Attenuation on WDM-FSO Systems in Dense Urban Areas" -
    SPIE Proceedings​.
    12. "Multi-Beam WDM for Enhancing Reliability of Free-Space Optical Systems" - IEEE
    Photonics Technology Letters​.
    13. "Cross-Layer Optimization Techniques for WDM-FSO Communication Networks" -
    Optical Networking Journal​

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