Solution

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

NEET-UG - Physics

1.
(d) 3.5 J
2 2
2

Explanation: W = ∫ dW = ∫ (2 + x)dx = [2x + x

2
]
1
1

= 2(2 - 1) + 1

2
(22 - 12)
3
=2+ 2
= 3.5 J
2.
(c) conservative
Explanation: Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in an object that is used to do a particular
work. In other words, it describes the energy of an object because of its motion or position, or both.
3.
(d) mg(h + d) - 1

2
kd2
Explanation: Net work done = P.E. lost by the ball - Energy stored in compressed spring
= mg(h + d) - 1

2
kd2

4.
(d) 43.3 kW
Explanation: P = W

W = mgh
30m3 = 30000 = 3 × 104 lit
mass of 30000 lit water = 30000 Kg
mgh 4
3× 10 ×9.8×40 4
P = = = 1.30 × 10 W
t 15×60

efficiency = power output / power consumption

P
η =
Pc

= 4.33 × 104 = 43.3KW.

4
P 1.30×10
Pc = =
η 0.3

5.
(b) -7 units
Explanation: Net force, F ⃗ = 2^i + 3^j − 2k
^ ^ ^ ^
+ 5 i − j − 3k

= 7^i + 2^j − 5k
^

Displacement, d ⃗ = d = 2^i − ^j + 3k
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
− i − j − k = i − 2 j + 2k

Work done = F⃗ ⋅ d⃗ = (7^i + 2^j − 5k

^ ^ ^ ^
) ⋅ ( i − 2 j + 2k)

= 7 - 4 - 10 = -7 units
6. (a) 1.4 s
Explanation: For the unloaded car:
1

2
mu2 = Fs
For the loaded car:
1 40 2 ′
[m + m] u = Fs
2 100

or 1

2
× 1.4 mu2 = F s ′

On dividing, s = 1.4 s ′

7.
(d) 0, 0
Explanation: Work done by the conservative force in round trip will be zero (displacement = 0).
So that work done by tension and gravity will be zero.

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 8.
(b) 4.8 kJ
Explanation: By conservation of momentum,
MV = m1v1 + m2v2
3 × 0 = 2 × v1 + 1 × 80

v1 = -40 ms-1
Total energy imparted to the two fragments
1 2 1 2
= m1 v + m2 v
2 1 2 2

= 1

2
× 2 × (40)2 + 1

2
× 1 × (80)2
= 4800 J = 4.8 kJ
9.
(c) 5 : 1
Explanation:

By conservation of momentum,
m1u1 = m1 × u1 + m2v2 2

⇒ m1 (u1 - 2

3
u1) = m2v2
m1 3v2
⇒ =
m2 u1

By conservation of kinetic energy,

2
1 2 1 2 1 2
m1 u = m1 ( u1 ) + m2 v
2 1 2 3 2 2

⇒ m1 (u 2
1
−
4

9
2
u ) = m2 v
1
2
2

2
m1 9v
⇒
m2
=
2

2
...(ii)
5u
1

From (i) and (ii), we get

2
9v 3v2 v2
2 5
= ⇒ =
2 u1 u1 3
5u
1
m1 3×5
∴
m2
=
3
=5:1

10.
(d) 2 : 1
2

kx2 =
2
1 1 F F
Explanation: U = 2 2
k(
k
) =
2k

For constant F,
1
U ∝
k
U1 k2 3000
∴
U2
=
k1
=
1500
=2:1

11.
(d) ball 1 moves to the right with a velocity of 1m/s and ball 2 also moves to the right at 4 m/s
Explanation: m1 = 100gm
m2 = 50gm
u1 = 3m/s
u2 = 0
m1 − m2 2m2 50
v1 = (
m1 + m2
) u1 + (
m1 + m2
) u2 =( 150
× 3) + 0 = 1 m/s
2m1 m2 − m1
v2 =( m1 + m2
) u1 + (
m1 − m2
) u2 =( 200

150
× 3) + 0 = 4m/s

12.
(c) 30%

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 mgh
Explanation: Output power = t

103W
3

=
9× 10 ×10×10

5×60
W=3× = 3 kW
Input power = 10 kW
3
Efficiency, η = 10
× 100 = 30%
13.
(b) Momentum
Explanation: In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved and K.E. is not conserved.
14.
(c) L−l
l

Explanation: Let m be the mass per unit length of the chain.

Weight of hanging length = mlg
Weight of chain lying on the table = m (L - l)g
∴ R = m(L - l)g
f = μR = μm (L - l)g
In equilibrium, mlg = μm (L - l)g
l
μ=
L−l

15. (a) 1200 litres

mgh
Explanation: P = W

t
=
t
Pt 2000×60
∴ m= gh
=
10×10
= 1200 kg
As 1 litre of water weighs 1 kg, so the volume of water raised = 1200 litres.
16.
(c) 240 J
Explanation: 240 J
17. (a) 742.5 W
Explanation: Total power required to overcome a force of 165 N and to maintain a speed of 9.00 m/s
F = 165N
v = 9m/s
P = Fv = 165 × 9 = 1485W
if each rider contribute equal power, then the power required per rider will be P

2
= 1485

2
= 742.5W
18.
(d) 1 : 2
−−−−
Explanation: p = √2mK
−
−
For same K, p ∝ √m
−
−− −
−−
p1 m1
∴
p2
= √
m2
= √
m

4m
=
1

2
=1:2

19.
(b) 2.54 m/s
Explanation: Height of ramp
h = lsin30o = 1 × 1/2 = 0.5m
from work kinetic energy theorem
Kf - Ki = Wmg + Wf
1

2
mv2 - 0 = mgh + fd
1

2
× 3v2 = (3 × 9.8 × 0.5) + [5 × ( - 1)]
v2 = 14.7 - 5
3

v2 = 9.7 ×
2

3
−−−−
v=√ 9.7×2

3
= 2.54m/s

20.
(d) momentum changes by 2 Mv
Explanation: At any two diametrically opposite points, velocities of the particle have the same magnitude but opposite

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 directions.
∴ Change in momentum = Mv - (-Mv) = 2 Mv

21. (a) none of these

Explanation: If the spring is compressed by the block through length x, then
mg (h + x) = 1

2
kx2
−−−−−−−−−−
2
2mg 2mg 8mgh
On solving, x = 1

2
[
k
± √
k
+
k
]

22.
1
(c) 3
Length hanging from the table
Explanation: μ =
Length lying on the table

l/4 1
= =
3l/4 3

23.
m
(b) 100 ↑
s

Explanation: Velocity of 1 kg mass after 5 s

v = u - gt = 100 - 10 × 5 = 50 ms-1
By conservation of momentum,
1 × 50 = 0.4 × (-25) + 0.6 ×v ′

′
v =
60

0.6
= 100 ms-1, upwards.

24.
(d) 60o
Explanation: According to work-energy theorem
W = Change in kinetic energy
FS cos θ = mv − mu 1

2
2 1

2
2

Substituting the given values, we get

20 × 4 × cos θ = 40 - 0 (∵ u = 0)
40 1
cos θ = =
80 2

θ = cos
−1
(
1

2
) = 60o

25.
(d) 18.75 N m
Explanation: Given that,
k = 5 × 103 N/m
W = k (x − x 1

2
2
2
2
1
)

= 1

2
× 5× 103[(0.1)2 - (0.05)2]
W= 5000

2
× 0.15 × 0.05
= 18.75 N-m
26.
(c) 2.5 ms-1

Explanation:

Momentum of A = M

4
× 3

Momentum of B = M

4
× 4 =M
−−−−−−−−−−−
2

Resultant momentum PR = √( 3M

4
) + M
2
=
5

4
M

Now, C must have a momentum 5M

4
along with OC
∴
M

2
′
v =
5M

4
or v = 2.5 m/s
′

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27.
(c) 150 J
Explanation: Force, F ⃗ = −2^i + 15^j + 6k
^
N

Displacement, s ⃗ = 0^i + 10^j + 0k

^
m

∴ work done W = F ⃗ ⋅ s ⃗
= (−2^i + 15^j + 6k
^
)(0 i + 10 j + 0k) = 150 J
^ ^ ^

28.
(d) 0.04 joule/sec
Explanation: 0.04 joule/sec
29. (a) Both will travel same distance before coming to rest
Explanation: By applying brakes, the body is brought to rest, so v = 0 and a = - F/m (as it is a case of retardation). If s be the
distance travelled in stopping, then according to 3rd equation of motion,
v2 = u2 + 2as
2

0=u 2
−
2F

m
s ∴ s=
mu

2F
2

mu2 and also KE =

p
But KE = 1

2 2m
2 2
p
So, s = mu

2F
=
KE

F
=
2mF

As KE is same and same retarding force is applied in both cases, hence, both the truck and car will travel the same distance
before coming to rest.
30.
(d) 0.15 m
Explanation: Loss of KE = Gain in elastic PE
1

2
mv2 = 1

2
Kx2
or 0.5 × (1.5)2 = 50 × x2
2 2
0.5 × (1.5) (1.5)
2
∴ x = =
50 109

∴ x =
1.5

10
= 0.15 m

31.
(d) 2A

Explanation: Given that U = A

2
−
B

r
r
dU
For stable equilibrium, F = −
dr
= 0

or − 2A
+
B

r
= 0
r3

or 2A

3
=
B

r
or r = 2A

B
r

32.
(b) only iii
Explanation: When two bodies of equal mass collide head-on elastically, their velocities are mutually interchanged. Further, if
→
u2 = 0 (i.e., second ball is at rest) then v1 = 0 and v2 = u1, i.e., both balls cannot move with velocity u after collision.
1

33.
(c) -6 m/s and +6 m/s
Explanation: Momentum conservation yields:
m1vi1 = m1vf1 + m2vf2
where vf1 and vf2 are the final velocities of the first and second objects, respectively. Since the collision is elastic, the total
kinetic energy must be the same before and after the collision. Hence,
1 2 1 2 1 2
m1 v = m1 v + m2 v
2 i1 2 f1 2 f2
vf1 vf2

Let x = vi1
and y = vi1
m2
But m1
= 3, So above two equations reduce to
1 = x + 3y and 1 = x2 + 3y2
Eliminating x between the previous two expressions, we obtain
(1 - 3y)2 + 3y2 = 1

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 6y(2y - 1) = 0
which has the non- trivial solution y = 1

The corresponding solution for x is

x = (1 - 3y)
=− 1

It follows that the final velocity of the first object is

vf1 = xvi1
= -0.5 × 12
= -6 m/s
The minus sign indicates that this object reverses direction as a result of the collision.
Likewise, the final velocity of the second object is
vf2 = yvi1
= 0.5 × 12
= 6 m/s
34. (a) zero
Explanation: F = − ∂u

∂r
^
r =
K

3
^
r
r

Since particle is moving in circular path

mv2 =
2

F= mv

r
=
K

3
⇒
K

2
r r

∴ K.E. = 1

2
mv2 = K

2
2r

Total energy = P.E. + K.E.

= − +
K

2
= Zero (∵ P.E. = −
K

2
K

2
given)
2r 2r 2r

35.
(b)

Explanation: F = - dU

dx

∴ dU = -F ⋅ dx
(-kx + ax3) dx
x
or U(x) = − ∫ 0
2 4

U(x) = kx

2
−
ax

4
−−
U(x) = 0 at x = 0 and x = √ 2k

a
−−
U(x) = negative for x > √ 2k

From the given function, we can see that F = 0 at x = 0 i.e. slope of U - x graph is zero at x = 0
36.
(c) Twice that of the first rock
Explanation: Kinetic energy will be maximum when rock reaches the ground (= 1

2
2
mv ) . When a heavy and light body are
−−−
released from the same height, then they reach the ground simultaneously and with same velocity, (v = √2gh). Hence,
KE ∝ m
∴ The kinetic energy of the second rock will be twice that of the first rock.

6 / 13
37. (a)

Explanation: F = −
dU

dx
= Kx

1 2
∴ U (x) = − Kx
2

38.
(c) 72 J
Explanation: Frictional force = μmg = 0.4 × 2 × 10 = 8N
Effective force F = applied force - frictional force = 20 - 8 = 12 N
From work-energy theorem,
Kinetic energy = 12 × 6 = 72 J
39.
(c) 10 m
Explanation: mass of bullet = m = 0.05 kg
also, velocity = v = 210 m/s
Mass of block = M = 1 kg
After collision, the block-bullet system will move with velocity vsys
∴ according to conservation of linear momentum, mv = (m + M) vsys
∴ 0. 05 × 210 = 1.05 × vsys
∴ vsys = 10 m/s
Also, The K.E. acquired by system is converted to work done in moving the system
i. e., according to work-energy theorem,
1

2
(m + M)(Vsys)2 = F × s

∴
1

2
(m + M)(10)2 = μ(m + M)g × s
∴ s= 100

2×0.5×10
= 10 m
40.
(b) Zero
Explanation: For a circular motion force and displacement are mutually perpendicular. Thus, work done is zero.
41.
(c) 1 : 2
Explanation: For same k,
p1
−
−
m
−
1
= √
p m2
2
−
−−
=√ m

4m

= 1

=1:2
42.
(d) 56 %
Explanation: In all type of collisions, the momentum of the system always remains constant. In a perfectly inelastic collision,
particles stick together and move with a common velocity.
Let this velocity is vc. Then,
initial momentum of system = final momentum of a system
or m(2v)^i + 2m(v)^j = (m + 2m)v c

2 ^ ^
∴ vc = (v i + v j )
3

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 −−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
2√2
|vc | or vc or speed = √( 2

3
v) + (
2

3
v) = 3
v

Initial kinetic energy

Ki =
1

2
(m)(2v )
2
+ 1

2
(2m)(v)2 = 3mv2
Final kinetic energy
2

mv2
2√2
Kf =
1

2
(3m) ( 3
v) = 4

Ki − Kf

Fractional loss = ( Ki
) × 100

2 4 2
(3m v )−( mv )

=[ 100 = 56%
3
]×
(3m v2 )

43. (a) 1.36 W

Explanation: Work done = PV
Power = W or time
k

Here P = ρ gh
44.
(d) only iii
Explanation: When the spring dissolves in acid, its stored elastic potential energy also passes to the acid and is converted into
internal energy of the acid and so, the internal energy and hence the temperature of the acid will increase.
45.
2Mg
(b) k

Explanation:
Let x be the maximum extension of the spring. From conservation of mechanical energy
decrease in gravitational potential energy = increase in elastic potential energy

kx2 or x =
2Mg
∴ Mg x = 1

2 k

46.
(d) 8.7 × 10-2 J
Explanation: 8.7 × 10-2 J
47.
2
s1 m2
(d) s2
= −(
m1
)

Explanation: Minimum stopping distance = s

Work done against the friction = W = μmgs
Initial momentum gained by both toy carts will be same because same force acts for same time.
2
p
Initial kinetic energy of the toy cart = ( 2m
)

2 2
p p
Therefore, μmgs = 2m
or s = ( 2
)
2μgm

For the two toy carts, momentum is numerically the same. Further μ and g are the same for the toy carts.
2
s1 m2
= −( )
s2 m1

48.
(d) 25%
Explanation: The potential energy is given by,

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 U1 = mgh1 and U2 = mgh2
U1 − U2
% energy lost = U1
× 100
mg h1 − mg h2
= mgh1
× 100%
h1 − h2
=( h1
)× 100
2 − 1.5
= 2
× 100%
= 25%
49.
(c) 3v cos θ
Explanation: In case of projectile motion as at the highest point
(v)vertical = 0 and (v)horizontal = v cos θ,
the initial linear momentum of the system will be mv cos θ
Now, as a force of blasting, is internal and force of gravity is vertical, so linear momentum of the system along horizontal is
conserved, i.e.,
P1 + P2 = mv cos θ or m1v1 + m2v2 = mv cos θ
But, it is given that m1= m2 = m

2
and as one part retraces its path, v1 = - v cos θ
1 1 1 1
∴
2
m(-v cos 2
)+ 2
mv2 = mv cos 2

Solving, we get; v2 = 3v cos θ

50.
(c) 2 mg
v0
Explanation: mv 0 = (m + m)v or v = 2
2
2 2mv m(2gl)
T= = = 3 mg
2mv 0
+ 2mg + 2mg = + 2mg
l 4l 2l

Initially, the tension = T0 = mg

∴ Increase in tension = 2 mg
51.
–
(b) M g(√2 − 1)

Explanation:

Work done = FI sin 45°

Gain in potential energy = Mg(l - l cos 45°)
∴ Work done = gain in PE

FI sin 45° = Mgl(1 - cos 45°)

1
Mg(1− )
√2

∴ F=
(1/√2)

–
= M g(√2 − 1)
52.
8
(b) 9
of its initial KE
8
Explanation: 9
of its initial KE

53.
(c) i does not imply ii but ii implies i
Explanation: Because linear momentum is vector quantity whereas kinetic energy is a scalar quantity.
54.
μE cos θ
(c) μ cos θ+sin θ

Explanation: Let the distance travelled by the body on the inclined plane be h
a = g(μ cos θ + sin θ)

v2 - u2 = 2ah

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 v2 = 2ah (∵ u = 0)
2

E =
1

2
mv
2
or v

2
=
E

m
2
v E
∴ ah = =
2 m

W = F S = mρ(h sin θ)
mah sin θ E sin θ
= =
μ cos θ+sin θ μ cos θ+sin θ

But μ = tan θ
or sin θ = μ cos θ
Eμ cos θ
∴ W =
μ cos θ+sin θ

55.
(b) only iv
Explanation: Because both the team balance each other, hence displacement is zero. Therefore work done is also zero.
56.
(b) only ii
Explanation: If there is a complete loss of KE, then the law of conservation of momentum would be violated.
57.
(d) 225 J
Explanation: Let 2 kg mass be at rest initially
∴ 3 × 20 + 2 × 0 = 3v1 + 2v2

∴ 60 + 3v1 + 2v2 ...(i)

Given: v2 - v1 = 5
i.e., v2 = v1 + 5 ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),
v1 = 10 m/s, v2 = 15 m/s
∴ Loss of K.E.
= 1

2
× 3 × (20)2 - [ 1

2
× 3 × (10)
2
+
1

2
2
× 2 × (15) ]

= 600 - (150 + 225)

= 225 J
58.
(b) only iv
Explanation:

−→ −
→
Total momentum before impact = P + PL C
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
∣ ⃗ ⃗ ∣ 3 3
P C + P L = √(2 × 10 × 20) + (8 × 10 × 5)
∣ ∣

= 40 × 103 × √2 kg-m/sec
–

Direction of momentum with main road,

PL 3
8 × 10 × 5
tan θ = PC
=
3
= 1 or θ = 45 ∘

2 × 10 × 20

According to law of conservation of momentum,

103 ×40 √2 = (2 × 103 + 8 × 103)V
–

–
∴ V = 40 √2 m/s

59.
(c) 60°
Explanation: FS Cos θ = K.E
K.E
Cos θ = (FS)

40
Cos θ = (20 × 4)

Cos θ = 1

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 Cos θ = Cos 60∘
θ = 60°

60.
π
(c) 4

Explanation:
2 2
u sin α

Height, h =
0

2g

using v2 - u2 = 2gh
2 2
u sin α

v
2
1
− u
2
0
= 2(-g) [ 0

2g
]

⇒ v
2
1
= u
2
0
(1 - sin2α ) = u cos2α 2
0

⇒ v1 = u0 cosα

Applying conservation of linear momentum in Y-direction

2mv sin θ = mv1 = mu0 cosα ...(i)
Applying conservation of linear momentum in X-direction
2mv cosθ = mu0 cosα ...(ii)
Dividing (i) and (ii) we get
tan θ = 1
∴ θ = 45o = π

61.
(c) 5

6
αr
3

Explanation: As we know, dU = Fdr

r

U = ∫ α r2 dr =
3
ar

3
...(i)
0
2

As, mv

r
= αr
2

m2v2 = mα r3
or, 2m(KE) = 1

2
αr
3
...(ii)
Total energy = Potential energy + kinetic energy
Now, from eqn (i) and (ii)
Total energy = K.E. + P.E.
3 3
αr αr 5 3
= + = αr
3 2 6

62. (a) only ii

output power
Explanation: The efficiency of engine is given by η = input power
× 100 %

Here, Poutput = 10 kW Poutput = 2 × 103 cal/g × 1 g/s

= 2 × 103 cal/s
= 2 × 103 × 4.2J/s
= 8.4 kW
As, Poutput ​> Pinput, hence it is never possible.

63.
(b) 0.25
Explanation: According to law of conservation of linear momentum
v
mv = 4mv' or v' = 4

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 velocity of separation
Coefficient of restitution e = velocity of approach
v
−0

= 4

v−0
=
1

4
= 0.25
64. (a) 47.3 kg
Explanation: From law of conservation of energy,
1 2 1 2
⇒ m1 v = m2 v
2 1 2 2

∵ (v1 + 0.3 v1 = v2 ⇒ 1.3 v1 = v2)

2
v1
∴ m1( v2
) = m2
2
1
∴ m2 = 80( 1.3
) = 47.3 kg

65.
(d) v

√2

Explanation: It is a case of perfectly inelastic collision.

m2v2 + m2v2 = (2mV)2
v
∴ V =
√2

66. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
67. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
68.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Assertion is false and reason is true because for elastic collision, e - 1, so the velocity of separation equals
velocity of approach but these are not the relative speeds of the bodies.
69.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation: Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
70. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: In elastic collision, kinetic energy remains conserved therefore the ball rebounds with the same velocity.
According to Newton’s second law.
F × t = change in linear momentum.
∴ F × 1 = m × n(u + u) or F = 2mnu

71.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
As density of water is twice the density of ball, therefore,
upthrust = 2 × weight of the ball
∴ The net upward force on the ball

= mg - 2 mg = -mg
Therefore, inside water, a = -g. Hence, the ball will stop at the same depth as the height from which it started.
72. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Kinetic energy of one bullet = K
Kinetic energy of n bullets = nK
According to law of conservation of energy, the kinetic energy of bullets be equal to the work done by machine gun per sec.
Work
Power = Time
= nk
73. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Road applies frictional force to the cycle. The angle between this stopping force and the displacement of cycle is
180o; so work done on the cycle by the road is Fd cos180o = -fd.
So, work done is negative.
From Newton's Third Law of motion, an equal and opposite force acts on the road due to the cycle; but the road undergoes no

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 displacement. Thus, no work is done by cycle on the road. So, the assertion and reason both are true and the reason explains the
assertion.
74.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Work done on the body in order to increase its velocity v1 to v2 is given by,
v2 v2

dW = ∫ F ds = ∫ m
dv

dt
ds
v1 v1

v2 v2 v2
2

=∫ m(
ds

dt
) dv =∫ mvdv = m[
v

2
]
v1
v1 v1

= 1

2
mv
2
2
−
1

2
mv
2
1

Thus work done by a force acting on a body is equal to change in kinetic energy of the body. This is true for ay containing any
number of particles.
75. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: In a quick collision, time t is small. As F × t = constant. Therefore, force involved is large, i.e., collision is more
violent in comparison to slow collision.

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