Subje Chemistry IGCSE (0620/0971)

ct

Topic Periodic Table-Atomic Structure-

Purification Technique

Exam Board Cambridge

International Examinations (CIE)

Time Allowed: 1Hr Score: /70 Percentage: /100

1. Which statements about the trends across a period of the Periodic Table are correct?

1 Aluminium is more metallic than sodium.

2 Beryllium is more metallic than carbon.
3 Boron is more metallic than lithium.
4 Magnesium is more metallic than silicon.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

2. Which row shows the trend in melting point, density and reactivity as Group I is descended?

3. Which row describes a similarity and a difference between chlorine and bromine?
4. Which statement describes transition elements?

A They have high densities and high melting points.

B They have high densities and low melting points.

C Theyhave low densities and high melting points.

D They havelow densities and low melting points

4. Which diagram shows the electronic structure of a noble gas?

5. Q and R are elements in the same period of the Periodic Table.

Q has 7 electrons in its outer shell and R has 2 electrons in its outer

shell. Which statement about Q and R is correct?

A Q is a metal and R is a non-metal.

B Q and R have different numbers of electron shells.
C R is found to the right of Q in the Periodic Table.
D The proton number of R is less than the proton number of Q.

6. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?

A Lithium is more dense than sodium.

B Sodium is more reactive than potassium.
C Sodium has a higher melting point than potassium.
D They are in Group II of the Periodic Table.
7. Aqueous bromine is added to aqueous sodium iodide.

bromine + sodium iodide  ......1...... + ......2......

What are the products of this reaction?

8. Which row describes the properties of a transition element?

9. Which row describes the properties of argon?

10. Rubidium is in Group I and strontium is in Group II of the Periodic Table.

Which row describes the nature of rubidium oxide, Rb2O, and strontium oxide, SrO?

11. What are the relative charge and relative mass of an electron?

12. Two atoms, X and Y, have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

Which statement about X and Y is correct?

A They have the same number of protons.

B They have the same number of electrons.
C They are in the same group of the Periodic Table.
D They have different numbers of neutrons.

13. The symbols for two different isotopes of element S are shown.

The letters m, n, p and q represent whole

numbers. Which statements about the values of m, n, p and q are correct?

1 m=p
2 n=q

3 m>q
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only
14. Which statement about bromine is correct?

A Bromine has a greater density than chlorine.

B Bromine is a gas at room temperature and pressure.
C Bromine has a grey-black colour.
D Bromine is less reactive than iodine.

15. What is a typical property of transition elements?

A can act as catalysts

B poor electrical conductivity
C low melting point
D low density

16. Which description of elements in Group VIII of the Periodic Table is correct?

A They are diatomic.

B All atoms have eight outer electrons.
C They have high melting points.
D They are unreactive.

17. A new element oxfordium, Ox, was discovered with the following properties.

electrical formula bonding in a

solubility molecule of Ox2
conduction of element

insoluble in water does not conduct Ox2 Ox Ox

In which group of the Periodic Table should the new element be

placed?

A Group III
B Group V
C Group VII
D Group VIII

18. The relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5. When calculating relative atomic mass, which particle
is the mass of a chlorine atom compared to?

Aa
B a proton

C an atom of carbon-12

D an atom of hydrogen-1
19. Some information about elements in Group II of the Periodic Table is shown.

Which row shows the correct trends in reactivity, density and melting point of the elements going
down Group II of the Periodic Table?

20. Which row describes a similarity and a difference between chlorine and bromine?
 21. Q and R are elements in the same period of the Periodic Table.

Q has 7 electrons in its outer shell and R has 2 electrons in its outer

shell. Which statement about Q and R is correct?

A Q is a metal and R is a non-metal.

B Q and R have different numbers of electron shells.
C R is found to the right of Q in the Periodic Table.
D The proton number of R is less than the proton number of Q.

22. An atom of element X contains:

● 5 protons
● 6 neutrons
● 5 electrons.

Which statements about element X are correct?

1 X has an atomic number of 6.

2 X has a nucleon number of 11.
3 X is in Group II of the Periodic Table.
4 X is in the second period of the Periodic Table.

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

23. A sample of pure iron contains three isotopes only.

The iron in the sample has a relative atomic mass of 55.9. What is the value of n?

A 53 B 55 C 57 D 58
 24. The atomic structures of four particles, W, X, Y and Z, are shown.

Which particles are isotopes of the same element?

A W and X B W and Y C X and Y D X and Z

25

27.. Which statement explains why isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?

A They have the same number of outer shell electrons.

B They have the same number of neutrons.
C They have different numbers of protons.

D They have different mass n

28.. Nitrogen forms a nitride ion with the formula N3–.

Which particle does not have the same electronic configuration as the nitride ion?
3+
A Al B Cl – C Na+ D O2–

32. Which is not a property of Group I metals?

A They are soft and can be cut with a knife.

B They corrode rapidly when exposed to oxygen in the air.
C They produce an acidic solution when they react with water.
D They react rapidly with water producing hydrogen gas.

33. Which statement about ions and ionic bonds is correct?

A Bromine atoms form negatively charged bromide ions.

B Ionic bonds form between elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

C Positive ions are formed when atoms lose protons.

D Potassium iodide contains negatively charged potassium ions.

34. Which row shows the change that takes place when element X gains the new particle shown?

particle gained chang

A electron an isotope of element X is formed

B electron the element one place to the right of X in the Periodic Table is
C proton formed an isotope of element X is formed
D proton the element one place to the right of X in the Periodic Table is

35. The symbols of two atoms may be written as shown.

52X 52Y
23 24
Which statement about these atoms is correct?

A They are different elements because they have different numbers of neutrons.
B They are different elements because they have different numbers of protons.
C They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same nucleon number.
D They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same proton number.
 36. The table shows the structure of different atoms and ions.

proton nucleo number number number

particle
numbe n of of of

Mg 12 24 12 W 12
+
Mg X 24 12 12 10
2
9 19 9 Y 9

F 9 19 9 10 Z

What are the values of W, X, Y and Z?

W X Y Z

A 10 10 9 9
B 10 12 10 9
C 12 10 9 10
D 12 12 10 10

37. Which compound is likely to be coloured?

A KMnO4 B KNO3 C K2CO3 D K2SO4

38. The diagram shows the positions of elements P, Q, R, S and T in the Periodic Table.

These letters are not the chemical symbols for the elements.

S T
P

Q R

Which statement about the properties of these elements is correct?

A P reacts more vigorously with water than does Q.

B P, Q and R are all metals.
C T exists as diatomic molecules.
D T is more reactive than S.
39. Which fuel needs oxygen in order to produce heat energy and which type of reaction
producesthe
energy?

fuel type of reaction

A a radioactive isotope endothermic

B a radioactive isotope exothermic
C hydrogen endothermic
D hydrogen exothermic

40. The table shows some properties of two elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
3
element state at 20 °C density / g per cm melting point / °C

chlorine gas 0.0032 –

101
bromine liquid 3.1 –7

Which properties is fluorine likely to have?

3
state at 20 °C density / g per cm melting point / °C

A gas 0.0017 –220

B gas 0.17 –188
C liquid 0.0017 –220
D liquid 0.17 –188

41. Statement 1: Helium is a reactive gas.

Statement 2: Helium can be used to fill balloons.Which is

correct?

A Both statements are correct and statement 2 explains statement 1.

B Both statements are correct but statement 2 does not explain statement 1.

C Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

D Statement 2 is correct but statement 1 is incorrect.

 42. An element has the following properties.

● It forms coloured compounds.

● It acts as a catalyst.

● It melts at 1539 °C.

In which part of the Periodic Table is the element found?

A Group I

B Group IV

C Group VII

D transition elements

43. Solid W melts at exactly 54 °C and boils at exactly 302 °C.

Solid X, when dissolved in water and examined using paper chromatography, shows a blue
colour and a red colour.

Which row is correct?

contains only contains more

one substance than one substance

A W and X –
B W X
C X W
D – W and X

44. The table shows the electronic structures of four atoms.

atom electronic structure

W 2,1
X 2,7
Y 2,8,4
Z 2,8,8

Which two atoms combine to form an ionic compound?

A W and X B W and Y C X and Y D X and Z

45. The diagram shows an outline of the Periodic Table.

W X Y Z

Which ionic compound could be formed?

+ – + – + – +
A W Y B W Z C X Y D X Z

46. The table gives information about four elements.

Which element is a transition metal?

electrical
colour colour
conductivity
of element of oxide
of element

A black high colourless

B colourless low white
C grey high red
D yellow low colourless

47. Why are weather balloons filled with helium rather than hydrogen?
A Helium is found in air.
B Helium is less dense than hydrogen.
C Helium is more dense than hydrogen.
D Helium is unreactive.
48. 49. The diagrams show the labels of four bottles.

Which label is not correct?

A B C
Bromine Iodine Potassium Sodium
Br2 I2 K Na

Harmful liquid. Danger Danger Danger

Do not spill. Avoid breathing vapour Store under water. Store under oil.
from the solid.
50. Calcium, on the left of Period 4 of the Periodic Table, is more metallic than bromine on the
right ofthis period.

Why is this? Calcium has

A fewer electrons.
B fewer protons.

C fewer full shells of electrons.

D fewer outer shell electrons.

51. The diagram shows a light bulb.

filament

argon

Why is argon used instead of air in the light bulb?

A Argon is a good conductor of electricity.

B Argon is more reactive than air.

C The filament glows more brightly.

D The filament does not react with the argon.

52. The electronic structures of atoms P and Q are shown.

P and Q react to form an ionic compound.

What is the formula of the compound?

53. Magnesium hydroxide can be obtained from sea water as shown.

55. The relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5.

When calculating relative atomic mass, which particle is the mass of a chlorine atom compared
to?

A a neutron
B a proton
C an atom of carbon-12

D an atom of hydrogen-1
56. Which statement about paper chromatography is correct?

A A solvent is needed to dissolve the paper.

B Paper chromatography separates mixtures of solvents.
C The solvent should cover the baseline.
D The baseline should be drawn in pencil.

57. Which row about elements in the Periodic Table is correct?

58.
59. Lithium and sodium are in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Which statements about the properties of lithium and sodium are correct?

1 Lithium has a lower melting point than sodium.

2 They both produce hydrogen when they react with water.
3 Lithium is less dense than sodium.
4 Lithium is more reactive than sodium.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

60. The elements sodium to argon form Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

Which row describes the trend across Period 3 from left to right?

61.
64. The elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Which statements about the elements in Period 3 are correct?

1 Na, Mg and Al are metals.

2 S, Cl and Ar are non-metals.
3 Si, P and S are metals.

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

65. A Group I metal (lithium, sodium or potassium) is reacted with a Group VII element (chlorine,
bromine or iodine).

Which compound is formed when the Group I metal of highest density reacts with the Group VII
element of lowest density?

A lithium chloride
B potassium chloride
C potassium iodide
D lithium iodide

66. A balloon is filled with helium. Helium is a noble gas and makes the balloon rise up in the air.

The density of air is 1.23 g /

3
dm . Which gas is helium?
67. Tennessine, Ts, is a newly discovered element.

The atomic number of tennessine is 117 and it is placed directly underneath astatine in Group VII
of the Periodic Table.The trends in properties of Group VII elements are
shown.

Which statement about the properties of tennessine is likely to be

correct?

A Tennessine has a higher reactivity than astatine.

B Tennessine has a lower boiling point than astatine.
C Tennessine is a lighter colour than astatine.
D Tennessine is more dense than astatine.

68. A flammable gas needs to be removed from a tank at an industrial plant.

For safety reasons, an inert gas is used.

Which gas is suitable?

A argon
B hydrogen
C methane
D oxygen

69. Which statement about Group I and Group VII elements is correct?

A Group VII elements are monoatomic non-metals.

B Lithium is more reactive with water than caesium.
C The melting points of Group I metals increase down the
group.
D Potassium bromide reacts with chlorine to produce an orange
solution.

70. A Group I element combines with a Group VII element and forms an ionic bond.

Which row shows how the electronic structures

change?
 Topic Periodic Table-Atomic
Structure-Purification

Exam Board Cambridge

International Examinations (CIE)

Time Allowed: 2 Hrs Score: / 1 86 Percentage: /100

1. (a) Fluorine, chlorine and bromine are in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

i. State the name given to Group VII elements.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

ii. Explain why Group VII elements have similar chemical properties.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
iii. Complete Table 2.1 to show the colour and state at r.t.p. of some Group VII elements.
Table 2.1
element colour state at r.t.p.

fluorine pale yellow

chlorine

bromine liquid

[3]
iv. Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes, 79Br and
81
Br.

State the term given to the numbers 79 and 81 in these isotopes of bromine.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

v. Complete Table 2.2 to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom
and ion of bromine shown.
Table 2.2
79
Br 81
Br –
protons

neutrons

electrons

[3]
 vi. Table 2.3 shows the relative abundances of the two naturally occurring isotopes of
bromine.

Table 2.3

isotope Br
79
Br
81

relative abundance 55% 45%

Calculate the relative atomic mass of bromine to one decimal place.

relative atomic mass =................................ [2]

vii. Chlorine displaces bromine from aqueous potassium bromide but does not displace fluorine
from aqueous sodium fluoride.

1. Write the symbol equation for the reaction between chlorine and aqueous
potassiumbromide.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

2. State why chlorine does not displace fluorine from aqueous sodium fluoride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

viii. Aqueous silver nitrate is a colourless solution containing Ag+(aq) ions.

1. Describe what is seen when aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous sodium chloride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

2. Write the ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and
aqueoussodium chloride.

Include state symbols.

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 18]
2. (a) The symbols of the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Use the symbols of the elements in Period 2 to answer the questions that follow.
Each symbol may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the symbol of the element that:

(i) makes up approximately 78% of clean, dry air............................................................... [1]

(ii) contains atoms with only three electrons in the outer shell............................................. [1]

(iii) contains atoms with only nine protons ...........................................................................

[1] (iv) exists as graphite...........................................................................................................

[1] (v) is an alkali metal ............................................................................................................

[1] (vi) only has an oxidation number of zero ...........................................................................

[1]

(b) Boron, B, has two isotopes.

(i) State the meaning of the term isotopes.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Table 2.1 shows the relative masses and the percentage abundances of the two isotopes
of boron.

Table 2.1

relative mass of isotope percentage abundance of isotope

10 20
11 80

Calculate the relative atomic mass of boron to one decimal place.

relative atomic mass =................................ [2]

[Total: 10]
3. (a) The table gives the composition of three particles. 0620/31/O/N/10-3

number of number of number of

particle
protons electrons neutrons

A 15 15 16
B 15 18 16
C 15 15 17

What is the evidence in the table for each of the following?

(i) Particle A is an atom.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) They are all particles of the same element.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Particle B is a negative ion.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iv) Particles A and C are isotopes.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) (i) What is the electronic structure of particle A?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) What is the valency of the element?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Is the element a metal or a non-metal? Give a reason for your choice.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]
4. The table below gives the composition of six particles which are either atoms or ions. 0620/31/M/J/14-1

particle number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons

A 33 40 33
B 19 20 18
C 34 45 36
D 33 42 33
E 13 14 13
F 24 28 21

(a) Which particles are atoms? Explain your choice.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Which particle is a negative ion and why has this particle got a negative charge?

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Which particles are positive ions?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Explain why particle A and particle D are isotopes.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
5. In the Periodic Table, the elements are arranged in columns called Groups and in rows called
Periods. 0620/31/M/J/14-3

(a) (i) Complete the table for some of the elements in Period 3.

group number I II III IV V VI VII

symbol Na Mg Al Si P S Cl

number of
valency electrons

valency

[2]

(ii) What is the relationship between the group number and the number of valency electrons?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain the relationship between the number of valency electrons and the valency

for the elements Na to Al,

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
for the elements P to Cl.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[4]
(b) Across a period, the elements change from metallic to non-metallic.

(i) Describe how the type of oxide changes across this period.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Describe how the type of bonding in the chlorides formed by these elements changes
across this period.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 11]

6..
11. The Group I metals show trends in both their physical and chemical properties. 0620/31May/June
2012/Q2

(a) (i) How do their melting points vary down the Group?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Which element in the Group has the highest density?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) All Group I metals react with cold water. Complete the following equation. [2]

........Rb + ........H2O  ................ + ................

(iv) State the observations when rubidium will be introduced into the water

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]

(b) Lithium reacts with nitrogen to form the ionic compound, lithium nitride.

[2]

(i) State the formula of the lithium ion. .............…….. [1]

(ii) Deduce the formula of the nitride ion. .............…….. [1]

(iii) What is the ratio of lithium ions to nitride ions in the lattice of lithium nitride?
Give a reason for your answer.

........ lithium ions........... nitride ions

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

Vanadium is a transition element. It has more than one oxidation state.

The element and its compounds are often used as catalysts.

(c) Complete the electron distribution of vanadium by inserting one number.

2 + 8 + .......... + 2
[1]

(d) Predict three physical properties of vanadium which are typical of transition elements.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 16]
12. The structures of five atoms, A, B, C, D and E, are shown below.
A B
electron
proton
+ + +
+ n + n +

D E
neutron
+
+ + n

(a) Answer the following questions about these structures. Each structure can be
used once,more than once or not
at all.

(i) Which two structures are hydrogen atoms? ............. and .............

(ii) Which structure represents an atom of a metal? .............

(iii) Which structure has a proton (atomic) number of 3? .............

(iv) Which structure has two neutrons in its nucleus? ............. [5]

(b) The structure of carbon-12 can be writt6en 12

C.

Write the structure of atom D in a similar way.

[1]
 (b) Complete the following sentences about isotopes using words from the list below.

atoms energy iron molecules neutrons

protons radioactive stable

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of .......................

and different numbers of ....................... . Some isotopes such as uranium-235 are

........................ . Uranium-235 can be used as a source of ....................... . [4]

[Total : 10]

13. (a) The table below gives the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms or ions.Complete
the table. The first line is given as an example.You will need to use the Periodic Table.
0620/32 May/June 2013/Q2

number of number of number of symbol or

particle
protons electrons neutrons formula
9
A 4 4 5 4Be

B 19 18 20
....................

C 30 30 35
....................

D 8 10 8
....................

E 31 31 39
....................

[6]

(b) Using the data in the table, explain how you can determine whether a particle is an atom,a
negative ion or a positive ion.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]
14.

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15. Cobalt is an element in Period 4 of the Periodic Table.0620/32October/November 2011/Q1

(a) Use your copy of the Periodic Table to help you complete the table below.

number of number of number of

particle
protons neutrons electrons

Co

Co2+
[2]

(b) 60
Co is a cobalt isotope.

(i) Explain the term isotope.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Explain why two isotopes of the same element have identical chemical properties.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) State one industrial use and one medical use of radioactive isotopes.

industrial use ....................................................................................................... [1]

medical use ......................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

16. Three of the halogens in Group VII are listed below. 0620/31 October/November 2012/Q2

chlorine
bromine
iodine

(a) (i) How does their colour change down the Group?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) How do their melting points and boiling points change down the Group?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Predict the colour and physical state (solid, liquid or gas) of astatine, At.

colour .........................................................................................................................

physical state ....................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2011 0620/32/O/N/11 [Turn over

 131
17. (a) A radioactive isotope of iodine, I, 53 is used to treat cancer.

(i) Define the term isotope.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) How many protons, electrons and neutrons are there in one atom of 53

131
I?number of protons ..............
number of electrons ............
number of neutrons ............ [2]
(iii) When this isotope, 53 I, emits radiation, a different element with a proton number of 54 is
131
formed.
What is the name of this element?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2011 0620/32/O/N/11 [Turn over

18. Use your copy of the Periodic Table to answer these questions. 0620/33 October/November 2011 /Q1

(a) Choose an element from the Periodic Table to match each description.You
may give either the name or the symbol.

(i) It is the most reactive metal. ................................................................................ [1]

(ii) It is the only non-metal which is a liquid at r.t.p. ................................................... [1]

(iii) An isotope of this element is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors. .......................... [1]

(iv) This Group VII element is a solid at r.t.p. ............................................................. [1]

(v) This element is in Group V and Period 4.............................................................. [1]

(vi) This unreactive gas is used to fill lamps. .............................................................. [1]

(b) Predict the formula of each of the following compounds.

(i) germanium oxide .......................................................................................................

(ii) tellurium bromide ................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Give the formula of each of the following ions.

(i) strontium ....................................................................................................................

(ii) fluoride..................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2011 0620/32/O/N/11 [Turn over

19. This question is concerned with the elements in Period 5, Rb to Xe. 0620/32 October/November 2012/Q1

(a) The electron distributions of some of these elements are given in the following list.

element A 2 + 8 + 18 + 8 + 2
element B 2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 8
element C 2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 5
element D 2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 6
element E 2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 4
element F 2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 7

(i) Identify element C................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Which element in the list does not form any compounds?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Which element in the list forms a chloride of the type XCl 2?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iv) Which two elements would react together to form a compound of the type XY4?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(v) Which element in the list would react with cold water to form an alkaline solution
andhydrogen?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Predict two differences in physical properties and two differences in chemical
propertiesbetween rubidium and the transition metal niobium.

physical .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

chemical ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 9]

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