Lesson 23

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF

MULTI-VARIABLES FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVES:
∙To evaluate a function of two or more variables.
∙To determine the domain and range .
Functions of Two or More Variables
Definitions
 NATURAL DOMAIN OF THE FUNCTION

As with functions of one variable, the independent

variables of a function of two or more variables may be
restricted to lie in some set D, called the domain of f.
Sometimes the domain will be determined by physical
restrictions or other restrictions stated explicitly, so this
domain, called the natural domain of the function,
consists of all points for which the formulas yields a
real value for the dependent variable.
 -

z =

vy - x
y -x = 0
x &y = IB

It IR
<
zzSayene
I

The natural domain of Z consists of all points

-
in the
my-plane for which yIx"
/(1)
=

#
z =
1
A
=>

/
 W
-
-> this implies that

xity2 + 22 -

4 I0

W =

(N (x y z)
,
x+y+ = -
4
, -
-

the natural domain of consists

-Xyz 4
of all points in the
M

3D space
b 10 ,
1 ,
5) =

Afi
(5)2 -4 that satisfies the condition
=

a & + y +
z2 4
-

>
-

outside the sphere and including

the surface / radius 2 unit .
 Natural Domain :
1
+ 1 = 0 y I
-

y
->

xi -

y
>0 ->
x>y
f (e 0) No + In (e - o)
y x
=
, -
1
-

1 + Ine
The natural domain of f consists of all
2 Int
->
I
satisfies condition
= +

the
points that

y<x4
-

f(e 0) , = 3
W
-
1 -

#
/ is
/
C
/
IC/
L
LIL
L
I
I/
/
 Natural Domain :

1 -

4- y=-z2 ? O
z2
x +

y2 +
1

flot -E)
: =

N - (-I) The natural domain of f(x y z) consists

- , ,
-
satisfies the
=

/1 -
0 -

+
-

4 of all points that

condition
+z1)
-N ,

inside and
including the
-
-

surface of the sphere

with radius ! unit .
 a f(x y z) xe-z

E
,
,
=
.

f IR
-
2 = 0 - 2
-
y
+

the domain of f consists of points

-
b .

f(ng ,
z1 =

/25 -x-ye-t above & including the line

y
=
2
,
i .
2
.

condition
satisfying the yz-2 .

-
25 -
x -

y= z' 0
Ik
x" +2 = 25

the natural domain of consists

of points satisfying the

condition wity+ 2225/ with center inside the sphere including

10 , 0 01 & radius
,
the
of
surface
5 unik .
Examples:
 Level Curves
The topographic (or contour) maps in which a three-dimensional landscape, such as a
mountain range, is represented by two-dimensional contour lines or curves of constant
elevation. The contour map is constructed by passing planes of constant elevation through
the hill, projecting the resulting contours onto a flat surface, and labelling the contours with
their elevations.
Contour maps are useful for studying functions of two variables. If the
surface 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is cut by a horizontal plane 𝑧 = 𝑘, then at all points on
the intersection, 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑘. The projection of this intersection onto the
xy-plane is called the level curve of height k or the level curve with
constant k. A set of level curves for 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is called a contour plot or
contour map of f.
1 .
Sketch the level curve

f(x y)
,
=

4xity
-
- k =

0 = 4x2 ye (point)
=
= k 4 = =
4x2 ty
k =

0 , 1 ,
2, 3 , 4, 5 k =

1 =
42 ty2 >
C

1 x
-+
=->

5
=

Cellipse)
=>
=

+f y
x4
I
=

-
-
-

k 3
=

-
- >

k 5 4x "ty2
4x'ty2
=

= 2 =

k 2
k =

-
@ F> =

-+
-

Ort E
-
=>
- 1 =

k
=
1

=
0
k

11 I D M. Ad 1 I I

>
cellis eit

4x2ty2
-
>

k =

3 =

>
-

ye
A
=>

1 =
+
- 3

-
-
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
PROBLEM: Identify the level curves of 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2; 𝑘 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

us

25