EE301L: Analog Circuits

Tutorial 02
Date: 12 Aug 2023

1. Find the y-parameters of the following 2-port network.

1Ω 3Ω
A1 A2

2Ω 4Ω

C C
2. Find the y-parameters of the following 2-port network.

2Ω 1Ω
B1 B2
+ vx −
vx
4Ω
4Ω

C C

3. The terminals A1 and B1 in the above figures are shorted. So are A2 and B2 . The
terminals marked C are also shorted. Determine the y-parameters of the resulting 2-port
network.

4. What do you understand by a unilateral two port network? What constraint(s) does it
impose on the y-matrix? The network below needs to be made unilateral. Determine the
value of g for this to happen.

1Ω 3Ω

+
gvx 2Ω 4Ω vx
−

5. Determine the voltage gain vout /vin of the following network. Evaluate the limit of this
gain as gm → ∞.

Rf
Rs
vout
+

v1
vin R1 gm v1 RL
−

P.T.O.

1
 6. Refer to the figure below. vs is a small signal. Determine
(a) the operating points of the diodes,
(b) the DC current through the 5 kΩ resistor,
(c) the incremental voltage across the 5 kΩ resistor.
Assume the cut-in voltage of the diodes Vc = 0.65 V (also denoted by VD,on ).

D1 D2
vs
5 kΩ

6.3 V
D3 D4

7. Refer to the figure below. Determine the operating point (also called “quiescent”) current
through the diode. If a small signal source vs is inserted in series with the 5 V source,
determine the TOTAL voltage at B. Assume the cut-in voltage of the diode Vc = 0.6 V.

1 kΩ vx 5 kΩ B

vx
5V 1 kΩ 1 kΩ
2 kΩ 2 kΩ

8. A passive three terminal two port is shown below. It is characterized by the equations

I1 = αV1
I2 = βV12 + γV2 ,

where α, β, γ are positive constants with appropriate dimensions.

I1 I2
+ +

V1 V2

− −
P.T.O.

2
 9. For the circuit shown below, assume that vi is an incremental voltage source. Determine
the operating point of the network. Find also the small signal voltage across the 1 kΩ
resistor. Assume VD,on = 0.6 V.

10. In this problem, we delve deeper into the notion of “small-signal”. Consider two nonlinear
V2
amplifiers A and B, with input-output characteristics given by Vout = in for A, and
  V0
Vin
Vout = V0 exp for B, where V0 is a constant.
V0
(a) An incremental gain of 10 is desired of both amplifiers. Determine the operating
points so that this gain may be achieved.
(b) We saw in class that the “small-signal” approximation is valid only when the higher
order terms in the Taylor series can be safely neglected in relation to the linear
term. Compare the second order derivative term to the first order derivative term
for the two amplifiers around the operating points. What can you say about the
relative magnitudes of the incremental inputs for each of the amplifiers which qualify
as small signals? Which amplifier can support larger magnitude of small signal?

11. In the class we derived the small-signal gain expression vo /vi considering y-parameters
for the incremental two port network, and obtained the ideal y-parameters required for
amplification. Repeat the exercise with z, h and g parameters. Do not forget to include
input signal resistance and output load resistance.

12. Find the z-parameters of the network shown below. If a 1 V source with a series resistance
of 1 kΩ is connected to the left-side port, and a 5 kΩ load is connected across the right-side
port, compute the current, voltage and power gain.