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AUTOMATIC RATION VENDING MACHINE USING RFID FOR INDIAN RATION

SYSTEM

Preprint · December 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15717.47842

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 AUTOMATIC RATION VENDING MACHINE USING RFID FOR INDIAN
RATION SYSTEM
Mast. Amarsinh Desai
Department of Computing and Informatics
Bournemouth University
Bournemouth, United Kingdom
S5515196@bournemouth.ac.uk

Abstract: - In recent years, the automatic ration vending use the faulty weighing scale to make their profit. Due to all this
machine using RFID has become increasingly popular in 55% of ration does not reach to people [4]. At the time of covid
many countries. The machine uses RFID to automatically 19 pandemic there were long line for this ration as people were
identify and vend ration to the user. This paper presents the not able to go out for work and earn. So, this ration food was
creation and execution of an automatic ration vending very important to them and at time also this ration shop owner
machine using RFID. The machine is designed to work with
any type of ration and can be used in a variety of settings was doing the business of scamming the people. The main
such as schools, hospitals, and office buildings. The machine problem in this is 1) no database on stock availability 2) many
is easy to use and can be operated by anyone. The machine malpractices and corruption.
is also very reliable and has a high degree of accuracy.
The consumer must first hit the number of his or her own In order to solve this issue, an RFID-enabled automated ration
card before tagging the card. He may withdraw a certain vending machine was created. The citizens will receive an
amount of ration if the number that was pressed and the RFID tag in this those functions similarly to their ration card.
card information match. The consumer cannot withdraw Information about the person's family and the amount of ration
the ration if he is still an illegal user on that card if the allotted to them with the pricing will be listed on this tag. A
pressed number and the card data do not match. Thus, person must enter his identification number when he
avoiding the illegal withdrawal of the ration from an approaches a vending machine and then touch his RFID card on
unauthorized person. the RFID reader. When the RFID tag and identification number
This study examines automated ration dispensing devices. match, it will display the person's assigned ration and allow him
The main goal of the automated ration wending machine is to consume it, including items like rice, wheat, dals, sugar, etc.
to prevent the massive financial waste that occurs with Since there is no fraud in this system, it is more trustworthy than
traditional ration distribution systems. In this approach, an the standard PDS method[7].
RFID tag is utilized as an electronic ration in place of a card
traditional ration card. To purchase ration from the dealer,
the consumer must use his unique card in place of the II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
regular ration card. The main problem that the paper addresses is the current
inefficiency in the system of food distribution for people. This
Keyword: - Ration, RFID, Ardunio, Ration Card, inefficiency manifests in several ways: long lines at food
Automation distribution points, irregular food distribution schedule, and
lack of variety in food items. Here I have developed an
automated ration vending machine (RFID) that would help to
I. INTRODUCTION alleviate some of these inefficiencies. This machine would be
stationed at food distribution points and would dispense the
The traditional public distribution system (PDS) the ration according to the ration details. In addition, the machine
government give free or at minimum price ration to the public would be able to keep track of the food items in distributed,
of the that country. This ration distributed to public by the ration which would help to ensure that food is distributed properly and
shops which are present in every locality. The government give there is no malpractice in it.
ration like sugar, rice, oil, kerosene, and many more at cheap The current PDS system in India offers nearly 1 billion people
price chosen by administration of that country. The prices and gains at a cheap price. In the traditional rationing system, there
is a risk of illicit product consumption; materials may be stolen
thing also depend on the colour of the card, as government has
by entering incorrect entries made in the register without the
set the colour of the card according to income of that family like ration card holder's knowledge. As a result, a significant
there are white card is given to family whose income is above quantity of money provided by the government is squandered.
the poverty line and the blue or orange card is given to the Apart from these low processing speed, high waiting time are
family which below the poverty line [1]. But in this system major drawbacks of the traditional system. Considering the
when some person didn’t clam there ration this ration shop current scenario of the pandemic and economic disturbance
within the country, the government cannot afford corruption
owner sell this without letting know to the government and
and money squandering.
making their own profit. Sometimes this ration card owners
don’t sell the items which were given to them or sometimes they
 III. LITERATURE SURVEY: The Arduino is the main brain of the system which controls the
An automatic ration vending machine is a vending machine that working of all components. Which is powered by microchip
dispenses food items, typically in the form of a can or a packet, ATmega328p microcontroller. The input to ardunio is from the
in response to a customer's selection of an appropriate item. power supply, RFID reader, keypad. The output from ardunio
Ration vending machines are commonly found in every sector is shown on LCD display, store the data to database and to relay
of the country. They are small shops which help to give the to control the action of motor to distribute the grain. Ardunio
ration to people at the cheap price as compare to normal price collects the data from the RFID receiver and checks the data is
which is very high right now due inflection. present in data if the data is correct then it will pass message to
There are several benefits to using automatic ration vending LCD display to show the person about its allotted ration. After
machines. First, they can provide a quick and convenient way that it will give signal to motor to disburse the ration one by one
for people to obtain food items, especially when they are on the to person. After that it will send a message to LCD display to
go. Second, they can help to reduce food waste by ensuring that show the ration has been delivered. If the data is not correct,
only the desired amount of food is dispensed. Third, they can then it will show the message “unauthorized person”.
provide a consistent and reliable source of food items.[11] The power supply is where the process begins, +5 V supply is
As per government tenets and control, it is obligatory to the given from the power supply block to the Arduino. Arduino
customer to create a legitimate apportion card to buy any then gives signal to the database where all the information of
materials from the administration proportion dissemination the users is stored. The relay unit is attached to Arduino to
organization. Directly the apportion circulation process bypass the motor supply. The motor is used to trigger the
depends on the month-to-month conveyance design. Thus, the Arduino circuit. The LCD is attached to the Arduino to display
stock check is just done toward the month's end. It demonstrates the Name of the customer, amount if ration issued and in the
the lacuna for day by day checking of unused or parity apportion end the Thank you message is displayed. The Key pad is
material at the conveyance focus [3]. attached to the Arduino to check the authentication of the user.
Ordinarily it has been seen that purchasers won't get the best The key is already provided to the user and when the user comes
possible amount of material even in the wake of paying full to the ration store, the key is used to retrieve the information of
instalment. It is because of ill-advised alignment of estimating the user. Once the information is retrieved the ration is given
instruments. The third issue in which it has been seen that the consumer. The RFID is similar to Ration Card. The RFID
Government of India dependably endeavour to give and consists of user information and their family information. Once
appropriate the material with least expense [2]. the RFID is tapped the information is shown on the LCD
The expense of material is relying on different elements. This Display. The RFID is scanned using an RFID reader[5].
is to be refreshed and pursued by the merchant for dispersion of
apportion material, however it isn't occurred really. In this paper
the arrangement on all the above expressed issues of the manual V. COMPONENTS SURVEY:
dispersion system is concentrated and relative automated ration
vending system is proposed. The issues can be given if the
dispersion system will a robotized system in which it ought to a) ARDUINO UNO:
relate to government workplaces, distributers, the proportion The ATmega328P serves as the foundation for the
card holders for refreshing the stock at wholesaler. This Arduino UNO microcontroller board. It has 14
programmed methodology of conveyance through atomization digital input/output pins, six of which may be used
in the dispersion framework will be another methodology in as PWM outputs, as well as six analogue inputs, a
modernization. have given the detail thought of the proportion USB port, a power connection, an ICSP header, and
material dissemination framework yet it was only a a reset button. Everything required to support the
fundamental starting module. microcontroller is included; all that is required to
get going is the insertion of a USB cable, an AC-to-
DC converter, or a battery.
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

b) RFID MODULE:
A tool used to read and write data to an RFID tag is
called an RFID module. RFID tags are used to store
information about an object, and RFID modules are used
to read and write this information. A little gadget called
a radio-frequency identification (RFID) module is used
to read and write data from RFID tags. RFID modules
typically operate in the ultra-high frequency (UHF)
range and can be used to communicate with tags from a
few centimeters to several meters away. RFID Module
is an integrated circuit that is used to process and store
information about an RFID tag. RFID Module is usually
used in conjunction with an RFID reader. RFID Module
typically consists of an input/output (I/O) circuit, a
memory, and a CPU[6-8].

e) KEYPAD:

c) SERVO MOTOR:
An electromechanical device called a servo motor uses
electrical energy to create torque and rotate an object at
a given angle. Servo motors are commonly used in radio-
controlled airplanes and boats, as well as in industrial
automation applications such as robotics and computer- One of the most popular input methods in
numerical controlled (CNC) machines. Servo motors are microprocessor applications is a keypad. When pressed,
classified according to their power output and torque. typically open switches in a conventional keypad's X-Y
The most common type of servo motor is the DC servo switch matrix link a row to a column. The wiring of a
motor, which is powered by a DC voltage source. DC keypad with 12 keys is 3 columns by 4 rows. There are
servo motors are used in applications where speed and 4 columns by 4 rows on a 16 keypad.
torque control are required. AC servo motors are
powered by an AC voltage source and are used in
VI. FLOW CHART:
applications where precision positioning is required.
Power, ground, and control are normally the three wires
found on servo motors. Typically, the power wire is red,
the ground wire is black, and the control wire is white.
The control wire is used to send a signal from a
controller to the servo motor that tells the motor what
position to move to. Servo motors are typically to
regulate, a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal is
employed. A PWM signal is a type of digital signal that
consists of square wave pulses. The width of the pulses
determines the position of the servo motor.

Initially it will display the welcome message to the user and

d) 16X2 LCD DISPLAY: asks to swipe the card to continue the process. When the user
starts the process, it will display the profile of the user. It will
With a 16x2 LCD, there are 2 lines that can each display
then display the available commodities with quantity eligible
16 characters. Each character on this LCD is presented
for his/her account. Now the user must select the commodity
in a 5x7 pixel matrix. 224 distinct letters and symbols
and the quantity that he/she wants to draw. If the commodity
may be shown on the 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot
chosen is wheat, then it will check for desired value of wheat in
matrix display. LCD DISPLAY in this project used to
user account. If all necessary conditions are met, then with the
display the details of customer
help of flow of grains and time, specific calculation can be done
for vending system. After successful transaction, it will display
“Transaction Successful” and it will deduct quantity drawn and
amount of it, from the database. If a transaction failed due to no
stock or less balance than entered, then it will display VIII. FUTURE SCOPE:
“Transaction Failed”. The future of automated ration wending machines is looking
bright. The machines are becoming increasingly popular in
The system will work as follows: many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries.
1. The user will press their authentication key. They offer a convenient and affordable way for people to access
2. They will then tap the RFID card on the machine. food and other essential items.
3. If the authentication key and the card details match, There are many reasons why automated ration wending
the machine will show the person the new ration. machines are becoming more popular. One of the main reasons
4. The person can then select the ration they want. is that they offer a convenient way for people to access food and
5. The machine will give the signal to the motor of that other essential items. They are also becoming more affordable
ration storage. as the technology behind them improves. In the future,
6. After giving the allocation, the machine will show a automated ration wending machines are likely to become even
"Thank You" message on the display. more popular.
They will become more widespread and more affordable,
making them accessible to even more people. They are also
a) ADVANTAGES likely to become more sophisticated, offering a wider range of
products and services.[9]
1) Reduces paperwork and is quite accurate.
2) Decreases ration shop material theft.
3) Removing personnel. IX. CONCLUSION:
4) In order to track and safeguard the user database, it
In the current public distribution system, there are many
makes use of cutting-edge memory chip technology.
drawbacks. First, automated ration distribution ensures that
5) It eliminates terminology like illicit use, ration card everyone in the household receives an equal share of the ration.
theft, and crowded areas. Automation of PDS and This is not always possible with manual distribution, which can
digitized it. lead to conflict within the household. Second, automated ration
distribution eliminates the need for people to queue up for their
ration. This can save a lot of time, particularly in communities
b) DISADVANTAGES where queues are often very long. Third, automated ration
distribution reduces the chances of ration being stolen or lost.
1) Only the most basic information about a person, such
This is because the ration is dispensed directly into the person's
as the card's validity, a list of family members, its kind,
ration card, which they then take home with them. Fourth,
etc., may be carried by an RFID card-based system.
automated ration distribution is more hygienic than manual
2) The price of tag is high and when deploy for large
distribution, as it reduces the chances of contamination. Fifth,
scale then it can be problem.[10]
there will be no selling of the products in the black market as it
is more common with manual distribution system. And finally,
automated ration distribution is more cost-effective than
VII. RESULT: manual distribution, as it eliminates the need for manpower to
distribute the ration. By preventing corruption, this study
project will significantly alter the public distribution system and
benefit the government. We can control the distribution of
rations better with the help of this contemporary system.

X. REFERENCES: -
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