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ICS-II Unit-3 Describing Function Analysis of Nonlinear Systems-use,defination, comcept, proof

The describing function method, developed in the 1930s, is a practical approach for analyzing the stability of nonlinear systems by extending frequency response methods. It defines the relationship between the amplitudes and phase angles of input and output sinusoidal components. The method primarily focuses on the fundamental harmonic component, as higher harmonics are often attenuated in control systems.

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2 views

ICS-II Unit-3 Describing Function Analysis of Nonlinear Systems-use,defination, comcept, proof

The describing function method, developed in the 1930s, is a practical approach for analyzing the stability of nonlinear systems by extending frequency response methods. It defines the relationship between the amplitudes and phase angles of input and output sinusoidal components. The method primarily focuses on the fundamental harmonic component, as higher harmonics are often attenuated in control systems.

Uploaded by

parthharpale894
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Describing Function Analysis of Nonlinear Systems

The describing function method in control system was invented by Nikolay Mitrofanovich
Kryloy and Nikolay Bogoliubov in year of 1930 and later it developed by Ralph Kochenburger.

The describing function method is used for finding out the stability of a non linear system of all
the analytical methods developed over the years for non linear control systems, this method is
generally agreed upon as being the most practically useful.

This method is basically an approximate extension of frequency response methods including


Nyquist stability criterion to non linear system.

The describing function method of a non linear system is defined to be the complex ratio of
amplitudes and phase angle between fundamental harmonic components of output to input
sinusoid. We can also called sinusoidal describing function.

Mathematically,

Where,
N = describing function,
X = amplitude of input sinusoid,
Y = amplitude of the fundamental harmonic component of output,

φ1 = phase shift of the fundamental harmonic component of output.


Basic concept of describing the function of non linear control system :
Let us consider the below block diagram of a non linear system,

where G1(s) and G2(s) represent the linear element and

N represent the non linear element.

Let us assume that input x to the non linear element is sinusoidal, i.e,

For this input, the output y of the non linear element will be a non sinusoidal periodic function
that may be expressed in terms of Fourier series as

Most of nonlinearities are odd symmetrical or odd half wave symmetrical; the mean value Y 0 for
all such case is zero and therefore output will be,

As G1(s) G2(s) has low pass characteristics, it can be assumed to a good degree of
approximation that all higher harmonics of y are filtered out in the process, and the input x to
the nonlinear element N is mainly contributed by fundamental component of y i.e. first
harmonics. So in the describing function analysis, we assume that only the fundamental
harmonic component of the output. Since the higher harmonics in the output of a non linear
system are often of smaller amplitude than the amplitude of fundamental harmonic component.
Most control systems are low pass filters, with the result that the higher harmonics are very much
attenuated compared with the fundamental harmonic component.

Hence, y1 need only be considered.

We can write y1(t) in the form,

Where by using phasor,

The coefficient A1 and B1 of the Fourier series are given by-

From definition of describing function we have,

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