Practical file of PROGRAMMING IN C

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INDEX

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Introduction of DOS & DOS commands

Dos command Dos command Dos command Dos command Dos command Dos command Dos command Dos command Dos command

cls and its description ver and its description vol and its description date and its description time and its discription tree and its description chkdsk and its description format and its discription xcopy & attrib and its discription

Dos is the abbreviation of `Disk Operating System with a set of programs that act as a
translator between the user and the computer in order to perform the task of the user. There

IO.SYS , MSDOS.SYS and COMMAND.COM. Ms Dos is a popular operating system

0.the disk which your computer uses to load and run dos must contain theses files and is called the system,, or startup , or boot , disk. command .com, the command processor (or shell) is the part of dos that executes (or processes)the commands we will be looking at. These commands are either internal to the command processor (i.e part of it),or external to it. Some of the internal commands are :1. Cls: This command is used to clear the screen.

Syntax :CLS

Example :-

CLS

2. Ver: This helps us to know the later version of Dos.

Syntax :ver

Example :-

Ver

3. Vol: This command shows the label of current drive & and its serial number.

Syntax :vol

Example :-

VOL

4. Date: This command displays the current date. Also called as the system date.

Syntax :date

Example :-

Date

5. Time :- This command displays the current time and also the message to enter the new time.

Syntax :Time

Example :-

Time

Some of the external commands are :1. Tree :- This command displays path and optionally list the content of each directory and sub directory on the specified drive.

Syntax :TREE [d:][/f]

Example :-

TREE

2. Chkdsk :- This command is used to display the report regarding the status of the disk.

Syntax :CHKDSK [d:]

Example :-

CHKDSK

3. Format :- To make a floppy or harddisk capable of storage.

Syntax :FORMAT [d:]

Example :-

FORMAT

4. Xcopy :- This command is used to copy one or more files or folders from one location to another.

Syntax :XCOPY source 5. Attrib :- Each and every file has some attributes stored for it.

Syntax :ATTRIB [file name]

Example :-

XCOPY/ATTRIB

INTRODUCTION
A presentation program is a computer software package used to display the information in the form of slide show. It typically includes three major functions : an editor that allows text to b inserted and formatted, a method for inserting and manipulating graphic images and a slide show system to display the content. Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful tool to creat professional looking presentations and slide shows. PowerPoint is widely used by business peoples, educators, student, students, etc. It allows to construct presentations from scratch or by using to use wizard.

Starting with MS PowerPoint 2007 :

1. Click on start programs Microsoft office Microsoft PowerPoint 2007. 2. You can change the slide or can use the default slide . 3. To change the slide layout right click on the blank slide, click on the layout option and select any slide u want. 4. You can also change the background effect or can insert the image to make the slide more effective. 5. Now type the text, by using suitable font size and font color which is easily visible and more attractive. 6. You can also make use of animations, audio, videos etc. in another slide to show the audio and vedio effects. 7. After completing the slide formatting click on file menu on the menu bar and then click on save option. 8. A dialogue box will appear. 9. Type the name of the file and then click on the file and then click on save button to save the file on the local drives. 10. To see the slide show of the powerpoint presentation click on the open option in the file menu and open your file. 11. Now click on slide show button at the top and now click on the from beginning option and have a look on your powerpoint presentation.

Mail merge allows you to automatically merge a list of variable information, such as addresses, with standard text to create form letters, mailing labels and other types of documents. Use mail merge to create form letters, mailing labels, envelopes, directories, and mass e-mail and fax distributions. To create a mail merge follow the following steps:-

Starting with MS WORD 2007 :

1. Click on start programs Microsoft office Microsoft Word 2007. 2. Click on the mailings tab at the top. 3. Click on the start mail merge and then click on the step by step mail merge wizard option . 4. A mail merge wizard task pane will open at the right side. 5. Now start creating a mail merge by selecting a letter button and by clicking on starting document at the bottom in the task pane. 6. Now check for use the current document option at the top and click on the select recipients at the bottom of the task pane. 7. Check for type a new list under the select recipient option and click on create ( link ) under type a new list option. 8. A dialogue box will open in front of you. 9. Type the purpose on which you are writing the letter under the title head, first name of the recipient under first name and sir name under last name, company or organization name under company name if any, address, city, state, zip code, country or region, phone no. , e-mail address etc. respectively. 10. Click on new entry tab in the dialogue box to send the same mail to another recipient and follow the same instruction as above and then click ok. 11. Now click on write your letter option at the bottom in the task pane. 12. Click on address block and a dialogue box again will open in front of you. 13. When you click on address block, the dialogue box that appears allows you to choose the format for the recipient name and portal address. 14. After choosing the format click ok and start typing your letter. 15. Now click on preview your letter option at the bottom in the task pane to check the preview of your mail. 16. Now click on complete the merge option at the bottom of the task pane. 17. At last click on mailing option in menu bar than click on finish and merge option and then click on the send e-mail messages. Your letter or mail will be sent to your friends.

Ms Excel is a full featured window based spread sheet program developed by Microsoft corporation is based on GUI concept which is used by million of peoples around the world. Excel includes all standard features of a spread sheet package like automatic recalculation, graphs and functions. It includes several advanced facilities like facility to include other objects with in a spreadsheet such as table and form designing. A spreadsheet is a highly interactive computer program that consist of a collection of rows and columns that are displayed on the screen in a scrollable window. Rows run horizontally in a sheet and are identified by numbers. Columns run vertically in a sheet and are identified by letters. The intersection of each row and column is called a cell. A cell can hold a number, a text string or formula that performs a calculation using one or other cells. The column letter followed by the row number is called a cell reference. Light grey line surrounded each cell is known as gridlines. Spreadsheet programs are developed to automate tasks such as technical calculations, inferential statistics, analyzing data, etc. it also has a powerful program for graphical preparation of numerical data. It is commonly used in : Production and Planning Personnel Management Marketing Payroll and Accounting Cost Analysis Budget Management and Sales Forecasting

Starting with MS EXCEL 2007 :

1. Click on start programs Microsoft office Microsoft EXCEL 2007. 2. A blank workbook opens on the screen. 3. Click on row a and column 1 and write student records and in row and column A2 write subject, in B2 write paper, in C2 write subject code, in D2 write marks, in E2 write max. marks, and in row and column F2 write %age. 4. Write all the subjects under subject, paper under paper, marks of student under marks, max. marks of each subject under max. marks respectively. 5. Now select the row and column under the marks where you want to create the total of all the marks obtained and click formula math and trig. sum.

6. A dialogue box will appear in front of you and enter the row and column no. of first subject where you have entered the marks: Row and Column no. of last subject and click ok. 7. Now you get the total of all the marks obtained by the student. 8. Similarly get the total of max. marks of all subjects. 9. Now select the %age column of first subject and click on formula in member more functions statistical average. 10. A dialogue box will open. Write row and column number of a subject where marks are entered: the row and column no. of a subject where max. marks are entered for each subject in every check box and click ok. 11. Now you get the average of marks of every subject of student. 12. Similarly get the average of marks obtained and total of marks obtained and total of max. marks. 13. Save your worksheet with (name) .xlsx extension.

MS ACCESS is the part of MS office developed by Microsoft corporation. It is relational data base management system. Using the MS access you can create data base of our data and can manage the data well. MS-access has the following features:1. It is a relational data base system that support s two industry standard query languages : structural query language (SQL) and query by example (QBE). 2. It has a unique simplified procedural macro language. 3. It has a rapid application development environment complete with visual forms and report development tools. 4. As the access has procedural programming technique so the application command can be executed sequentially. 5. It has various wizards and builders which makes it very easy to understand. 6. A sprinkling of object oriented extension. MS-access is a rich and powerful application. It has become the leading data base management program in the market. Access is powerful enough that developed to use is to cerate entire application that require little or no programming. Its easy to learn and become master In no time.

Starting with MS ACCESS 2007 :

1. 2. 3. 4. Click on start all program MS office MS access 2007. Click on education button in task pane and then on student option. Then click on create button at the right side of the screen to cerate a data base. Now a window will open on your screen known as data base window. This window provides access to create tables, queries, forms, reports macros and modules. 5. Now to create a table click on cerate table button in database window. A new sheet will open on the screen. 6. Click on view button at the top and then check for design view. Again a new sheet will open. 7. Now click in first cell under field name in the table and write roll number, name in second cell, fathers name in third and date of birth ,class and session resp. 8. Set the data type for each value and write its description 9. Now click on view button at the top and click on date sheet view option. 10. No enter the records of different student and save it. This will save the student record of school or a college.