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KEY_Guided Notes - Functions

This document provides an overview of functions, defining independent and dependent variables, and explaining function representations through equations, tables, and graphs. It discusses identifying functions using the vertical line test, key features of linear, quadratic, and exponential functions, and transformations of these functions. Additionally, it covers the concepts of domain and range, including continuous and discrete functions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views

KEY_Guided Notes - Functions

This document provides an overview of functions, defining independent and dependent variables, and explaining function representations through equations, tables, and graphs. It discusses identifying functions using the vertical line test, key features of linear, quadratic, and exponential functions, and transformations of these functions. Additionally, it covers the concepts of domain and range, including continuous and discrete functions.

Uploaded by

j5nvx7ctt9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Date:

Functions
Objective
In this lesson, you will use a function to model and analyze a relationship between two
quantities.

Function: a relation between two variables in which


each value of the independent variable (x) maps to one, and only one, value of
the dependent variable (y)

Function Representations
The value of the independent
Independent variable: a quantity that changes freely
variable is called the input
and may determine the value of other variables

Dependent variable: a quantity that changes in response to changes The value of the dependent
in another variable variable is called the output

©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.

In this function, the independent variable is time , t, and the dependent variable is

height , h. In function notation, the height is represented as ℎ(𝑡𝑡).

Guided Notes: Functions 1


If 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟔𝟔, find 𝒇𝒇(𝟔𝟔). If 𝒈𝒈(𝒙𝒙) = −𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒, find 𝒙𝒙.

Consider these functions. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −9𝑥𝑥 + 14 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −3𝑥𝑥 2

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −9𝑥𝑥 + 14 𝑓𝑓(6) = −9( 6 ) + 14 -48 = −3𝑥𝑥 2

= -54 +14 16 = 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −3𝑥𝑥 2
= -40 ± 4 = 𝑥𝑥

FUNCTION REPRESENTATIONS
A relation is an association between two variables, where one variable is dependent on the
other variable.

Verbal Description Equation


In the 10–19 age group, there are 48 riders
per hour. In the 20–29 age group, there are
24 riders per hour. In the 30–39 age group,
there are 12 riders per hour. To find the number of riders for a specific age group,

For each age group, the number of riders substitute the appropriate value of a into

is half as many as the previous group. the equation and simplify.

Table Graph

©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.

The table shows these ordered pairs for this


function: Age is represented horizontally . The
(0, 48 ), (1, 24 ), (2, 12 ), (3, 6 ), (4, 3 ) number of riders is represented vertically .

These representations all describe an exponential relationship, in which the number of riders in each
group is half as many as in the previous group.

Guided Notes: Functions 2


IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONS
For a relation to be a function, every input must have exactly one output . To see whether a graph

represents a function, we can use the vertical line test. If no vertical line intersects the function at

more than one point , the relation is a function.

Function?
Relation Reasoning
(Yes/No)

Every value of x corresponds to exactly one value


Yes
of y . If x = 4, y = 24, or 16.

The x-value of -2 is paired with two different


No
y-values ( 3 and 4 ).

The x-value of 4 is paired with two different


No
y-values ( 20 and 30 ).

It passes the vertical line test.

Yes No two y -values (points on the graph) have the

same x -value.

©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.


Key Features
A function’s equation, table, or graph can reveal many key features of the function.

Guided Notes: Functions 3


Linear Function

• End behavior: The function is

always decreasing .

As x approaches infinity ,

f(x) approaches negative infinity.

• Intercepts: The x-intercept is ( 2 ,0). The y-intercept

is ( 0 ,6).

• Slope: The function’s slope (change in y divided by change in x ) equals -3 .

• Positive interval: (-∞, 2 )

• Negative interval: ( 2 , ∞)

Quadratic Function

• Vertex: the highest

(maximum) or lowest

(minimum) point, where the graph

changes from decreasing to

increasing.

©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.


• Axis of symmetry: a vertical line that passes through the

vertex , marking the symmetry of the graph

• Intercepts: The x -intercepts are located where g(x) = 0. The y -intercept is located

where x = 0.

• Negative interval: This function is negative between the x -intercepts.

• Positive interval: This function is positive for every other value of x.

Guided Notes: Functions 4


DOMAIN AND RANGE

Domain: the set of values for which an independent variable is defined

Range: the set of values for which a dependent variable is defined

This exponential function is always increasing

(this occurs when the base of an

exponential function is greater than 1 .)

As the value of x approaches negative infinity, the

value of h(x) approaches, but never reaches 4 .

The horizontal line y = 4 is called

an asymptote .

©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.


A function’s domain and range can be described in several ways.

Inequalities Set Notation Interval Notation

𝑦𝑦 ≥ 4 {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|4 < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞} [4, ∞)

Guided Notes: Functions 5


Different types of functions follow different patterns for their domains and ranges.

Linear Quadratic Exponential


Graph

−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞ −∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞ −∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞


Domain

(−∞, ∞) (−∞, ∞) (−∞, ∞)


{𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞} {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞} {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞}

−∞ < 𝑦𝑦 < ∞ 𝑦𝑦 > 4 𝑦𝑦 ≥ −1


Range

(−∞, ∞) (4, ∞) [−1, ∞)


{𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑦𝑦 < ∞} {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 > 4} {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≥ −1}

©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.

The domain and range contain an infinite This function does not include every value within

number of values within their boundaries, so this is the boundaries of the domain and

a continuous function. range, so it is a discrete function.

Guided Notes: Functions 6


Parent Functions
 A function family is a group of functions that have the same parent function.

 Parent functions are the simplest function of a certain degree.

LINEAR FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS Parent Function


The parent linear function has its x- and y-intercepts at the
origin . It has a slope of 1 .

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥

Type of transformation: Type of transformation: Type of transformation:


Reflection Dilation Translation

©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.

When the parent function is Multiplying by a number greater Adding a number translates the

multiplied by -1 , it is reflected than 1 stretches it function up . Subtracting a


vertically. Multiplying by a number translates the function
across the x -axis.
positive number less than 1 down .
compresses it towards
the x-axis.

Guided Notes: Functions 7


QUADRATIC FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS
Quadratic functions can be reflected, dilated, and translated in the same way as linear functions.

a c Match each equation with its graph.

a 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 (parent function)
d

c 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 2
b

b 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 5

d 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 − 5)2

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS


Exponential functions can be reflected, dilated, and translated in the same way as linear functions.

a Match each equation with its graph.

a 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 (parent function)

b
b 𝑦𝑦 = 4(2)𝑥𝑥 ©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.

c d 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 5

d
c 𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 + 5

Guided Notes: Functions 8

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