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Intro 2 statics2

The document outlines fundamental concepts in statics and physics, including definitions of time, mass, force, and types of bodies such as particles and rigid bodies. It details Newton's laws of motion, emphasizing the importance of the first and third laws in statics for maintaining equilibrium. Additionally, it discusses the units of measurement in classical mechanics, specifically the metric system for time, distance, mass, and force.

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zililozililo369
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2 views

Intro 2 statics2

The document outlines fundamental concepts in statics and physics, including definitions of time, mass, force, and types of bodies such as particles and rigid bodies. It details Newton's laws of motion, emphasizing the importance of the first and third laws in statics for maintaining equilibrium. Additionally, it discusses the units of measurement in classical mechanics, specifically the metric system for time, distance, mass, and force.

Uploaded by

zililozililo369
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Statics

Concepts from Physics


Basic concepts
Time is a physical quantity which we measure using a watch.

A (physical) body is a collection of matter within some defined boundary. In this


course, we are going to be dealing with only two types of bodies.

• A particle is a body that can be regarded as small enough in a given


situation to be described as a mass at a geometric point.
• A rigid body is a body of which the deformation (change in shape) is
negligible.

Mass is a measure of the inertia of a body, that is, its resistance to change its
velocity. (Compare this to the definition in Chemistry where mass is the amount
of matter in an object.)

Force is the mutual influence of bodies on each other.


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Space is a geometric region occupied by bodies in which the bodies’ positions
may be established using a reference system.

body

h
pt
de
height

ẑ represents space

ŷ
x̂
width

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Newton’s Laws
Newton 1 A particle remains at rest or moves along a straight line with
constant velocity if the resultant force on it is zero.
Newton 2 The acceleration of a particle is proportional to the resultant force
acting on it (~a ∝ F~ ) and is in the direction of this force.
Newton 3 Two bodies exercise mutual forces on each other, equal in
magnitude but opposed in direction.

Newton’s second law of motion is important in the study of dynamics and may
be forumlated in vector language as follows. If a particle of mass m moves under
the influence of a force F~ , then its acceleration is

F~ = m~a

(Notice the vector nature of this equation.)


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Equilibrium

In statics problems, Newton’s first and third laws are most important.

Newton 1 sets the requirement for a particle to maintain equilibrium (no


motion/at rest). (Also Newton 1 is, strictly speaking, a special case of Newton
2.) If a particle is at rest, then ~a = ~0 from which immediately follows that F~ = ~0.

A particle is in equilibrium if the resultant force acting upon it is null (that is,
equal to the null vector).

Newton 3 describes the mutual influence of bodies on each other and is therefore
important when investigating the equilibrium of systems of particles or rigid
bodies.

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Units
Four fundamental quantities occur in (classical) mechanics: time, distance, mass
and force.

The units of measurement for these four quantities cannot be chosen


independently because they need to be consistent with Newton 2.

We use the metric system (the SI system, SI is an abbreviation from the French
Système International.)

Distance is measured in metres.


Force is measured in Newton.
Mass is measured in kilograms.
Time is measured in seconds.

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A second (symbol s) is the reciprocal of the fixed numerical transition frequency
(expressed in Hz) of the 133 Cs (caesium) atom from its unperturbed ground-state.

A metre (symbol m) is the distance traveled by light (in a vacuum) in


1
299 792 458
th of a second.

A kilogram (symbol kg) is defined by setting the Plank constant h exactly equal
to 6.626 070 15 × 10−34 J · s, where J = kg · m · s− 2

Reference: https: // www. physics. nist. gov/ cuu/ Units/ current. html

A Newton (symbol N) is the SI unit of force and is defined as the force required
to impart an acceleratio of 1 m/s to a mass of 1 kg.

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