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    JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) : Snu Oopsla Lab. October 2005

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    Bhaskar Jha
    JDBC provides a standard interface for connecting to databases from Java applications. It establishes a connection using a JDBC driver, executes SQL statements using objects like Statement and PreparedStatement, processes result sets, and closes connections. Key steps in JDBC programming include loading a driver, connecting to a database, executing queries, processing result sets, and closing connections. JDBC supports transactions using methods like commit and rollback.

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    JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) : Snu Oopsla Lab. October 2005

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar Jha
    74 views23 pages
    JDBC provides a standard interface for connecting to databases from Java applications. It establishes a connection using a JDBC driver, executes SQL statements using objects like Statement and PreparedStatement, processes result sets, and closes connections. Key steps in JDBC programming include loading a driver, connecting to a database, executing queries, processing result sets, and closing connections. JDBC supports transactions using methods like commit and rollback.

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    JDBC provides a standard interface for connecting to databases from Java applications. It establishes a connection using a JDBC driver, executes SQL statements using objects like Statement and PreparedStatement, processes result sets, and closes connections. Key steps in JDBC programming include loading a driver, connecting to a database, executing queries, processing result sets, and closing connections. JDBC supports transactions using methods like commit and rollback.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    74 views23 pages

    JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) : Snu Oopsla Lab. October 2005

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar Jha
    JDBC provides a standard interface for connecting to databases from Java applications. It establishes a connection using a JDBC driver, executes SQL statements using objects like Statement and PreparedStatement, processes result sets, and closes connections. Key steps in JDBC programming include loading a driver, connecting to a database, executing queries, processing result sets, and closing connections. JDBC supports transactions using methods like commit and rollback.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)

    SNU OOPSLA Lab. October 2005

    Contents
    Overview
    History of JDBC JDBC Model JDBC Driver Type

    JDBC Programming Steps


    Step 1 : Loading a JDBC Driver Step 2 : Connecting to a Database Step 3 : Executing SQL Step 4 : Processing the Results Step 5 : Closing Database Connection

    The PreparedStatement Object Transaction and JDBC Summary Online Resources

    Overview (1/2)
    JDBC
    JDBC is a standard interface for connecting to relational databases from Java The JDBC Classes and Interfaces are in the java.sql package JDBC is Java API for executing SQL statements
    Provides a standard API for tool/database developers Possible to write database applications using a pure Java API Easy to send SQL statements to virtually any relational database

    What does JDBC do?


    Establish a connection with a database Send SQL statements Process the results
    JAVA Applet/ Application
    JDBC Call

    JDBC Driver

    Database Command

    Database

    Overview (2/2)
    Reason for JDBC
    Database vendors (Microsoft Access, Oracle etc.) provide proprietary (non standard) API for sending SQL to the server and receiving results from it Languages such as C/C++ can make use of these proprietary APIs directly High performance Can make use of non standard features of the database All the database code needs to be rewritten if you change database vendor or product JDBC is a vendor independent API for accessing relational data from different database vendors in a consistent way

    CCTM: Course material developed by James King (james.king@londonmet.ac.uk)

    History of JDBC (1/2)


    JDBC 1.0 released 9/1996.
    Contains basic functionality to connect to database, query database, process results JDBC classes are part of java.sql package Comes with JDK 1.1

    JDBC 2.0 released 5/1998


    Comes with JDK 1.2 javax.sql contains additional functionality Additional functionality: Scroll in result set or move to specific row Update database tables using Java methods instead of SQL commands Send multiple SQL statements to the database as a batch Use of SQL3 datatypes as column values

    History of JDBC (2/2)


    JDBC 3.0 released 2/2002
    Comes with Java 2, J2SE 1.4 Support for: Connection pooling Multiple result sets Prepared statement pooling Save points in transactions

    JDBC Model
    JAVA Applet/ Application
    Java Application Developer

    JDBC consists of two parts:


    JDBC API, a purely Java-based API JDBC driver manager
    Communicates with vendor-specific drivers

    JDBC API
    Driver Manager Driver API
    Vender Specific JDBC developer JDBC Developer

    Vendor Specific JDBC Driver

    JDBC-ODBC Bridge Vender Specific ODBC Driver

    Database Database

    JDBC Driver Type


    JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC driver Native-API partly-Java driver JDBC-Net pure Java driver Native Protocol pure Java API driver

    JDBC Programming Steps


    Connect
    1) Register the driver 2) Create a connection to the database

    Query

    1) Create a statement 2) Query the database

    Process Results

    1) Get a result set 2) Assign results to Java variables

    Close

    1) Close the result set 2) Close the statement 3) Close the connection

    Skeleton Code
    Class.forName(DRIVERNAME); Loading a JDBC driver

    Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection( CONNECTIONURL, DBID, DBPASSWORD);


    Connecting to a database Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(SELECT a, b, c FROM member);

    While(rs.next()) { Int x = rs.getInt(a); String s = rs.getString(b); Float f = rs.getFloat(c); }


    rs.close(); stmt.close(); con.close();

    Executing SQL

    Processing the result set

    Closing the connections

    Step 1 : Loading a JDBC Driver


    A JDBC driver is needed to connect to a database Loading a driver requires the class name of the driver.
    Ex) JDBC-ODBC: sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver Oracle driver: oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver MySQL: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

    Loaing the driver class


    Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); It is possible to load several drivers. The class DriverManager manages the loaded driver(s)

    Step 2 : Connecting to a Database (1/2)


    JDBC URL for a database
    Identifies the database to be connected Consists of three-part: jdbc:<subprotocol>:<subname>
    Protocol: JDBC is Protocol: JDBC is the only protocol in the only protocol in JDBC JDBC
    Sub-protocol: Sub-protocol: identifies a identifies a database database driver driver Subname: indicates the location and Subname: indicates the location and name of the database to be name of the database to be accessed. Syntax is driver specific accessed. Syntax is driver specific

    Ex) jdbc:mysql://oopsla.snu.ac.kr/mydb

    Step 2 : Connecting to a Database (2/2)


    The DriverManager allows you to connect to a database using the specified JDBC driver, database location, database name, username and password. It returns a Connection object which can then be used to communicate with the database.
    Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://oopsla.snu.ac.kr/mydb",userid",password"); JDBC URL JDBC URL Username Username Password Password

    Vendor of database, Location of Vendor of database, Location of database server and name of database server and name of database database

    Step 3 : Executing SQL (1/2)


    Statement object
    Can be obtained from a Connection object
    Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); Sends SQL to the database to be executed

    Statement has three methods to execute a SQL statement:


    executeQuery() for QUERY statements
    Returns a ResultSet which contains the query results

    executeUpdate() for INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or DDL statements


    Returns an integer, the number of affected rows from the SQL

    execute() for either type of statement

    Step 3 : Executing SQL (2/2)


    Execute a select statement
    Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery ("select RENTAL_ID, STATUS from ACME_RENTALS");

    Execute a delete statement


    Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); int rowcount = stmt.executeUpdate ("delete from ACME_RENTAL_ITEMS where rental_id = 1011");

    Step 4 : Processing the Results (1/2)


    JDBC returns the results of a query in a ResultSet object
    ResultSet object contains all of the rows which satisfied the conditions in an SQL statement

    A ResultSet object maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data


    Use next() to step through the result set row by row
    next() returns TRUE if there are still remaining records

    getString(), getInt(), and getXXX() assign each value to a Java variable ResultSet Internal Pointer

    Record 1

    Record 2

    Record 3

    Record 4

    The internal pointer starts one before the first record

    Step 4 : Processing the Results (2/2)


    Example
    Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(SELECT ID, name, score FROM table1);

    NOTE
    While (rs.next()){
    int id = rs.getInt(ID); String name = rs.getString(name); float score = rs.getFloat(score); System.out.println(ID= + id + + name + + score);}
    ID
    1 2 3

    You must step the cursor to the first record before read the results This code will not skip the first record

    name
    James Smith Donald

    score
    90.5 45.7 80.2

    Output ID=1 James 90.5 ID=2 Smith 45.7 ID=3 Donald 80.2

    Table1

    Step 5 : Closing Database Connection


    It is a good idea to close the Statement and Connection objects when you have finished with them Close the ResultSet object rs.close(); Close the Statement object stmt.close(); Close the connection connection.close();

    The PreparedStatement Object


    A PreparedStatement object holds precompiled SQL statements Use this object for statements you want to execute more than once A PreparedStatement can contain variables (?) that you supply each time you execute the statement
    // Create the prepared statement PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement( UPDATE table1 SET status = ? WHERE id =?) // Supply values for the variables pstmt.setString (1, out); pstmt.setInt(2, id); // Execute the statement pstmt.executeUpdate();

    Transactions and JDBC (1/2)


    Transaction: more than one statement that must all succeed (or all fail) together Ex) updating several tables due to customer purchase If one fails, the system must reverse all previous actions Also cant leave DB in inconsistent state halfway through a transaction COMMIT = complete transaction ROLLBACK = cancel all actions

    Transactions and JDBC (2/2)


    The connection has a state called AutoCommit mode
    If AutoCommit is true, then every statement is automatically committed If AutoCommit is false, then every statement is added to an ongoing transaction Default: true
    con.setAutoCommit(false); try { PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement( "update BankAccount set amount = amount + ? where accountId = ?"); pstmt.setInt(1,-100); pstmt.setInt(2, 13); pstmt.executeUpdate(); pstmt.setInt(1, 100); pstmt.setInt(2, 72); pstmt.executeUpdate(); con.commit(); catch (SQLException e) { con.rollback(); }

    Summary
    JDBC
    Standard interface for connecting to relational databases from Java Vendor independent API for accessing relational data JDBC has four driver type
    JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC driver Native-API partly-Java driver JDBC-Net pure Java driver Native Protocol pure Java API driver

    JDBC support transaction and PreparedStatement

    Online Resources
    Suns JDBC site
    http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/

    JDBC tutorial
    http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/

    List of available JDBC drivers


    http://developers.sun.com/product/jdbc/drivers

    API for java.sql


    http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/sql/packagesummary.html

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