Prepared for IC3 Certifications Sunaryo

Global Standard 4

First global certification for computer literacy

Internet and Computing Core Certification

Establishes a global standard for measuring Internet and computing literacy Provides the credential of being a literate, but not fully productive, user of computer hardware, software, and the Internet Covers basic knowledge and skills Sets a comfort level with computers

Set of three exams:

1. Computing Fundamentals 2. Key Applications 3. Living Online

Modul 01 This presentation

Basic understanding of computer hardware Using a computer operating system to perform everyday tasks

Modul 02 Next

Basic understanding of computer software Troubleshooting

Common features of Microsoft Windows applications Specific skills for operating a word processor program Specific skills for operating a spreadsheet program

Basic understanding of how computers connect to networks and the Internet Specific skills for operating an electronic mail program Specific skills for operating a Web browser program Social impact of computing and the Internet

End of computer course validation Prerequisite for particular computer courses

Teacher development opportunities

Continuing education Become your own testing center

IC sets the measurement standard for global computer and Internet literacy Suited for both students and teachers Globally supported by leading industry and government organizations Candidate and testing services supported by Certiport Schools can implement testing on-site

What exactly is a computer? What does it really do? How is a computer defined?

Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory A computer is an electronic device that receives data (input), processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output).
Accepts data Processes data into information

Raw facts, figures, and symbols

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

Produces and stores results

What is the information processing cycle? o Input o Process o Output o Storage o Communication

A computer system includes hardware, software, data, and people. The actual machinewires, transistors, and circuitsis called hardware. Peripheral devices such as printers and monitors also are types of hardware. Software consists of instructions or programs for controlling the computer. Data is text, numbers, sound, images, or video. The computer receives data through an input device, processes the data, produces output (or information), and stores the data and information on a storage device. The users, the people who use computers, are also part of the system.

What is an input device?

Hardware used to enter data and instructions

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 General-purpose

and specialpurpose I/O devices

Personal computer input devices

Ergonomic keyboard
Designed to reduce stress on the wrist
Trackball

Allows you to control the mouse pointer by rolling a mounted ball

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Graphics tablets
Allow you to draw with a pen-like device on a tablet

Mobile Input Devices

Notebook computers integrate the mouse either as a touch pad or a touch screen

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Microphone input devices

Speech recognition software Voice recognition

Gaming
Game controller or joystick

Digital cameras
The more megapixels, the higher the price

Digital camcorders and Webcams

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Scanning devices
Page scanners and handheld scanners
Both can convert monochrome and color pictures, forms, texts, and other images into digital images

Character recognition software

Transforms scanned documents into editable documents

Special-purpose scanners
Magnetic ink character recognition, optical mark recognition, point-of-sale devices

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What is an output device?

Hardware that conveys information to one or more people

Display resolution
Measure of the number of pixels on the screen Dot pitch measures space between pixels

High-definition television and monitors

Twice the resolution of regular TVs

Liquid crystal display (LCD), or flat panel display

Quickly displacing CRT (cathode-ray tube) displays
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Plasma display
Similar to LCD, but uses plasma rather than liquid crystal between the flat panels

LED display
Used in thin displays to provide backlight with lower power usage and truer color

LCD projectors
Used for projecting presentations from your computer onto a larger screen

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Printers and Plotters

Photo printers Multifunction printers

Used to create hard copy, or paper output Ink-jet and laser printers

Plotters are used for printing large graphic designs 3D printers use CAD blueprints as input, and can output an actual 3D prototype
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Combine printer, fax machine, copier, and digital scanner

Computer sound systems

Used to draw users attention to important information and to support sound for entertainment
CD/MP3 DVD Gaming

People with limited vision

Screen reading program, JAWS

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System clock Clock speed

Produces a series of electronic pulses at a predetermined rate called clock speed

Measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) Used to market processors instead of clock speed High-speed memory a processor can access more quickly than RAM

Processor numbers Cache memory

Wordlength
Number of bits that a CPU can process at once

Millions of instructions per second (MIPS)

Amount of time it takes to execute an instruction

Floating-point operations per second (FLOPS)

More precise than MIPS Gigaflop, teraflop

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CPU Inside

Motherboard Processor Memory (RAM) Modem Card Network Card Storage

HDD CD/DVD ROM FDD

Sound Card

What are two main components on the motherboard?

Storage device Storage media

Drive that reads and writes data

Objects that hold the data (disks)

Storage capacity Access time

Maximum amount of bytes medium can hold

Time it takes for a request for data to be fulfilled by the device

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Magnetic storage devices Floppy disks Microdrives

Store bits and bytes more permanently than RAM

Portable, low-capacity, direct storage medium Tiny hard drives that store data on a small disk

Magnetic tape can be used to store vast quantities of data

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Storage area network or SAN

Links together many storage devices over a network and treats them as one large disk

RAID or redundant array of independent disks

Uses a second system of disks to maintain a backup copy of the data stored on the primary disks

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What is a storage device?

Records (writes) items to storage media Often function as a source of input

Retrieves (reads) items from storage media

p. 7

What is storage media?

Hard Disks

USB Flash Drives

CDs

Memory Cards

DVDs

What is a compact disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc

CD-ROM DVD-ROM Blue Ray (BD)

What is a communications device?

Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information

Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media

network is a collection of computers and devices connected together

Used to share

Resources Hardware devices Software programs

Data
Information

To save time and money

p. 8

What is the Internet? Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Why do users access the Internet?

1. Communications 2. Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment 7. Download Music

8. Share Information

p. 9 Fig. 1-7

What is the Web? Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

You can share information on a social networking Web site

A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded

A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages

A blog consists of timestamped articles in a journal format

Two basic types of software

System software

Application software Programs written to help users solve problems,

perform tasks, and help people and organizations achieve their goals

Coordinates hardware activities

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What is software?

Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it

Also called a program

p. 10

Next

Software
Usually consists of a number of files, ranging from a few to dozens or more At least one file is an executable file with an .exe extension Text file typically has a .txt extension Word processing files have a .doc extension

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What is system software? Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among Utility Programs allow the user to computer hardware perform maintenance-type tasks devices

usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and visual images such as icons Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information

What is application software?

Programs designed to make users more productive

Word Processing Database

Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics

How do you install and run programs?

Step 1: INSTALL When you insert a greeting card program disc in the CD drive for the first time, the computer begins the procedure of installing the greeting card program on the hard disk. Step 2: RUN Once installed, you can instruct the computer to run the greeting card program. The computer transfers instructions from the hard disk to memory.

Step 3: USE The greeting card program executes. Using this program, you can create custom greeting cards.

What is a programmer? Someone who develops application or system software Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information

Software, once created, is considered intellectual property

Copyright
Defines exclusive rights legally granted to the owner

Software license
Defines the permission, rights, and restrictions for the person who buys the software

Single-user license
Permits the user to install the software on a single computer, sometimes two computers if used by one person

Freeware
Software made available to the public for free

Public domain
Anyone can use this software for free, as it has reached the end of its copyright term

Open-source software
Distributed with source code to be studied and improved by users General Public License (GPL)

Creative Commons license

Allows creators if intellectual property to grant certain freedoms to users while still controlling the property and the ability to make money using it

What are the categories of computers?

Personal Computers (desktop) Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers

What are the two most popular series of personal computers? Apple Macintosh usually uses the PC and compatibles Macintosh operating use the Windows system (Mac OS X) operating system

What is a desktop computer? Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table

What is a notebook computer?

Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Also called a laptop computer Generally more expensive than desktop computers with equal capabilities

What is a Tablet PC?

Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the screen

What is a handheld computer?

Small enough to fit in one hand

Sometimes referred to as an ultra-personal computer (uPC), or an Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC), or a handtop computer

What are smart phones?

A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities

What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?

Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad

p. 15 Fig. 1-17

Next

What are game consoles?

Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games

p. 16 Fig. 1-19

Next

What types of servers are there?

A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

What is an embedded computer? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

What software is available for a home user?

Personal Finance Management Web access Communications Entertainment

What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?

Productivity software Specialty software Web usage E-mail

p. 20 Fig. 1-25

Next

What is available for a mobile user?

Hardware

Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phone Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics software

Software

What are the needs of a power user?

Extremely fast processors Types of power users

Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists

p. 21 Fig. 1-27

Next

What are the needs of the large business user?

Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop publishing

What

are some examples of computer applications in society?

Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing

The computer and its components

Categories of computers
What is a network? Types of computer users The Internet Computer applications in society Types of software