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    Perfect Gases

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    ellayusliana
    - The document discusses the combined gas law and how it relates pressure, volume, and temperature of gases using equations like Boyle's law, Charles's law, and the universal gas law. - It provides examples of using these laws to calculate unknown properties like volume, temperature, number of moles, or mass when given other gas properties.

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    Perfect Gases

    Uploaded by

    ellayusliana
    271 views15 pages
    - The document discusses the combined gas law and how it relates pressure, volume, and temperature of gases using equations like Boyle's law, Charles's law, and the universal gas law. - It provides examples of using these laws to calculate unknown properties like volume, temperature, number of moles, or mass when given other gas properties.

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    Thermodynamics, perfect gases,

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    - The document discusses the combined gas law and how it relates pressure, volume, and temperature of gases using equations like Boyle's law, Charles's law, and the universal gas law. - It provides examples of using these laws to calculate unknown properties like volume, temperature, number of moles, or mass when given other gas properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    271 views15 pages

    Perfect Gases

    Uploaded by

    ellayusliana
    - The document discusses the combined gas law and how it relates pressure, volume, and temperature of gases using equations like Boyle's law, Charles's law, and the universal gas law. - It provides examples of using these laws to calculate unknown properties like volume, temperature, number of moles, or mass when given other gas properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Alteration of combined gas law

    Ideal gas law calculates the number of moles


    of a gas in a fixed volume at a known
    temperature and pressure
    Relates Pressure, Volume, &
    Temperature.
    SI units for these properties are
    Pascal(Pa) for pressure, m
    3
    for volume
    and Kelvin(K) for temperature.

    Two of the laws describing the behavior of
    a perfect gas are:
    Boyles Law = Constant T
    Charless Law = Constant P
    Boyles Law
    P o 1/V
    P x V = constant
    P
    1
    x V
    1
    = P
    2
    x V
    2

    Example 2.1

    Solution to Example 2.1
    From equation P
    1
    V
    1
    = P
    2
    V
    2


    A quantity of a certain perfect gas is heated at a
    constant temperature from an initial state of 0.22
    m
    3
    and

    325 kN/m
    2
    to a final state of 170 kN/m
    2
    .
    Calculate the final volume of the gas.
    ( )
    3
    2
    2
    3
    2
    1
    1 2
    m 0.421
    kN/m 170
    kN/m 325
    m 0.22 x =
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    = =
    P
    P
    V V
    Charles Law
    AS TEMPERATURE GOES UP, VOLUME GOES
    UP (DIRECT)

    CHARLES LAW SAYS:


    VOLUMES 1 AND 2 MUST BE THE SAME
    UNITS
    TEMPERATURES 1 AND 2 MUST BE IN KELVIN
    V
    1
    V
    2

    T
    1
    T
    2
    =
    V o T
    Example 2.2

    From the question
    V1 = 0.54 m3
    T1 = 345 + 273 K = 618 K
    V2 = 0.32 m3


    A quantity of gas at 0.54 m
    3
    and 345
    o
    C undergoes a constant
    pressure process that causes the volume of the gas to
    decreases to 0.32 m
    3
    . Calculate the temperature of the gas at
    the end of the process.
    ( )
    K 366
    m 0.54
    m 0.32
    K 618
    x
    3
    3
    1
    2
    1 2
    2
    2
    1
    1
    =
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    =
    =
    =
    V
    V
    T T
    T
    V
    T
    V
    Universal Gases Law
    The relation which gives the volume of a gas when both
    temperature and the pressure are changed is stated as
    equation below.

    R
    T
    PV
    = = constant
    2
    2 2
    1
    1 1
    T
    V P
    T
    V P
    =
    Characteristic equation of
    state of a perfect gas
    The constant, R, is called the gas constant. The unit of
    R is Nm/kg K or J/kg K. Each perfect gas has a different
    gas constant.
    The characteristic equation is usually written
    PV = RT
    or for m kg, occupying V m
    3
    ,
    PV = mRT
    From the definition of the kilogram-mole, for m kg of a gas
    we have,
    m = nM
    (where n is the number of moles).
    Note: Since the standard of mass is the kg, kilogram-mole will be written simply as
    mole.



    PV = nMRT or



    or since MR = R
    o
    then,
    nT
    PV
    MR =
    T nR PV
    nT
    PV
    R MR
    o o
    = = = or
    R
    R
    M
    o
    =
    Experiment has shown that the volume of 1 mole of any
    perfect gas at 1 bar and 1
    o
    C is approximately 22.71 m
    3
    .
    Therefore from equation

    K J/mole 8314.4
    273.15 x 1
    22.71 x 10 x 1
    5
    0
    = = =
    nT
    PV
    R

    Example 2.3

    0.046 m
    3
    of gas are contained in a sealed cylinder at a pressure of 300
    kN/m
    2
    and a temperature of 45
    o
    C. The gas is compressed until the
    pressure reaches 1.27 MN/m
    2
    and the temperature is 83
    o
    C. If the gas is
    assumed to be a perfect gas, determine:

    a)the mass of gas (kg)
    b)the final volume of gas (m
    3
    )

    Given:
    R = 0.29 kJ/kg K
    Solution to Example 2.3


    From the question
    V
    1
    = 0.046 m
    3

    P
    1
    = 300 kN/m
    2

    T
    1
    = 45 + 273 K = 318 K
    P
    2
    = 1.27 MN/m
    2
    = 1.27 x 10
    3
    kN/m
    2

    T
    2
    = 83 + 273 K = 356 K
    R = 0.29 kJ/kg K
    From equation
    PV = mRT

    kg 0.1496
    318 x 0.29
    0.046 x 300
    1
    1 1
    = = =
    RT
    V P
    m
    ( ) ( ) K 1346
    300
    10 x 1.27
    318
    3
    1
    2
    1 2
    2
    2
    1
    1
    =
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    =
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    =
    =
    P
    P
    T T
    T
    P
    T
    P
    Tutorial 6
    1) 0.04 kg of a certain perfect gas
    occupies a volume of 0.0072 m
    3
    at a
    pressure 6.76 bar and a temperature of
    127
    o
    C. Calculate the molecular weight of
    the gas (M). When the gas is allowed to
    expand until the pressure is 2.12 bar the
    final volume is 0.065 m
    3
    . Calculate the
    final temperature.

    2) A spherical balloon with a diameter of 6m
    is filled with helium at 20C and 200kPa.
    Determine the mole number and the mass
    of the helium in the balloon.
    R for helium : 2.0769 Nm/kg.K

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