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Introduction To Textile

This document provides an introduction to textile science, including definitions of key terms and processes. It begins with definitions of textile fibers such as staple fibers, filament fibers, sliver, lap, rove, and blends. It then discusses yarns, fabrics, and various preparatory processes like winding, sizing, beaming, dyeing, printing, and finishing. The document provides a brief history of textiles and outlines the size and importance of the textile industry in India. It concludes with descriptions of the various applications and end uses of textiles.

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umar.niift3049
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588 views

Introduction To Textile

This document provides an introduction to textile science, including definitions of key terms and processes. It begins with definitions of textile fibers such as staple fibers, filament fibers, sliver, lap, rove, and blends. It then discusses yarns, fabrics, and various preparatory processes like winding, sizing, beaming, dyeing, printing, and finishing. The document provides a brief history of textiles and outlines the size and importance of the textile industry in India. It concludes with descriptions of the various applications and end uses of textiles.

Uploaded by

umar.niift3049
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fabric Science I

Subject Code B FP (T) 1 09 T


National Institute of Fashion Technology, India

1. Introduction to Textile

Content
1.1 Terms & Definition - Textile Fibre
1.2 Staple Fibre
1.3 Filament Fibre
1.4 Sliver
1.5 Lap
1.6 Rove
1.7 Blend
1.8 yarn
1.9 Fabrics
1.10 Winding
1.11 Sizing
1.12 Beaming
1.13 Preparatory Process - Dyeing
1.14 Dyeing
1.15 Printing
1.16 Finishing

Introduction
Clothing is one of the human basic needs besides food, shelter
and medicine.
The role of textile fibres for clothing, bedding and furnishing is so
central to our lives that the history of fibres is almost as old as the
history of our civilization.
The design of fabrics and clothes has long been regarded as an art
form.
Some natural fibres such as wool, silk, cotton and linen have been
known and used for thousands of years.
Man-made fibres on the other hand have a history only as long as the
20th century and most the fibres that we are familiar with today have
been produced in the last 40 years.

History

No one knows exactly when the spinning and weaving of textiles


began.
Archeological discoveries of the imprint of woven material on clay
pots dating from some 27,000 years ago indicate people knew how
to weave even before they domesticated plants & animals.
The basic raw material of any textile product is a fibre. Fibre can be
divided into natural fibres and Man made fibres or chemical fibres.

Textile Industry in India

India Contributes appx. 4% to the Gross Domestic Product


(GDP)
The share of textiles in total exports was 11.04% during AprilJuly
2010
Is the largest employment provider after Agriculture. It
offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country
During 2009-2010, Indian textiles industry was pegged at US$55
billion

Current Status of Indian Textile Industry

Indian position in global market

Largest producer of jute


2nd largest producer of silk
3rd largest producer of cotton (16% of global production)
3rd largest producer of cellulosic fibre/yarn
5th largest producer of synthetic fibres/yarns
11th largest producer of wool

Process Flow chart from Fiber to Consumer


Fibers - Natural, Man-made, Blends
Spinning
Yarns - Staple fiber, Continuous Filament
weaving, Knitting, Bonding
Fabric - Woven, Knits, Nonwovens

Dyeing / printing

Textile Finishing - Mechanical Finishing, Chemical Finishing

Clothing Manufacture - Cutting, Sewing, Pressing, Packing, Shipping

Retailing - Chain Stores, Independents

Consumer - Use, After use

Disposal / Recycling: - Recovery, incineration

The textile industry is segmented into three large groupings,


1. Apparel the textiles used in clothing
2. Home Furnishing used in furniture, bath, kitchen and bed
3. Technical Textiles Very wide application

Application of Textiles?

Personal Hygiene

Tooth & Hair Brushes


Medicated Pads
Make-up brushes
Nail buffers
Incontinence pads
Feminine hygiene products
Cotton balls

Food

Bags & Sacks


Bakery Filters
Coffee filters
Packing materials
Tea Bags

Sports & Recreation

Helmet liners
Protective pads
Balls
String for rackets
Tents
Backpacks

Life jackets
Rafts & Boat hulls
Sails
Fishing line & nets
Artificial playing surfaces

Transportation

Tire cords
Road bed under lays
Bicycle Helmets
Interiors for planes, busses, cars & trucks
Seat belts & air bags
Brake linings
Gaskets & seals
Convertible tops

Animal Care

Leashes
Blankets
Saddles
Stall liners
Restraints
Pet bad liners

Manufactured Goods

Hoses
Belts
Loading dock covers
Tarpaulins
Paint rollers
Wipes

Carpet backing
Mailing envelops
Duct tape backing
Conveyer belts
Silk screening mesh

Environment

Erosion barriers
Pond Liners
Snow & Silt fences
Drainage
Oil spill control barriers
Air & water filters

Agriculture

Bags & Sacks


Ropes
Hoses & Belts
Bale covering
Tractor interiors
Plant covers & tree wraps

Medical

Support Wraps
Casts
Surgical masks
Sutures
Arteries
Examination gowns
Bandages
Dialysis filters
Gloves

Textiles in
extracorporeal
devices
Artificial kidney
Artificial liver,
Artificial lung,

Protective Gear

Bullet resistant vests


Heat / Fire resistant suits
Impact resistant helmets
Chemical resistant gloves
Abrasion resistant gloves
Hazmat suits

Building Materials

Insulation
Covers for wiring
Drop Clothes
Wall Covering
Venetian blinds
Window screens
Awnings
Moisture barriers

Miscellaneous Products

Artificial flowers / plants


Banners & Flags
Book bindings
Candle wicks
Casket linings

Communication lines
Felt tip pens
Lampshades
Mops & Dusting cloth
Sandbags
Personal Computer boards

1.1 Textile Fibre


Fibre is a unit of matter characterized by flexibility, fineness which
is capable of being spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by bonding
or by interlacing in a variety of methods including weaving, knitting,
braiding, twisting and which is the basic structural element of any
textile products.
It is a hair like substance.
They have length at least thousand times of their diameter or width.

According to the length the fibres are generally classified into two
categories.
The one is staple fibre and the other is filament fibre.
1.2 Staple Fibre A fibre of definite length (usually 10 500 mm)
1.3 Filament Fibre A fibre of indefinite length.
It is a very long fiber; the length of filaments may range from a few
hundred meters, in case of silk. In case of man-made fibers they are
several kilometers long.

1.4 Lap - The fibres are arranged in sheet form, which is a loosely
entangled mass about 1 thick and about 40 wide.
1.5 Sliver - The fibres are arranged in thick rope form, about the
thickness of broomstick.
1.6 Rove The fibres are arranged in thin rope form.
1.7 Blend The mixing of two or more different fibres. It can be done
in several stages.( Fibre, Yarn, fabric)

1.8 Yarn - A textile yarn is a grouping of fibres twisted together to


form a continuous strand of linear structure.
It is an assembly of substantial length and relatively small cross
section of fibres and / or filaments with or with without twist.
1.9 Fabrics - A planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers,
yarns, fabrics, or any combination of these.
It is categorized into three,
1. Woven fabrics
2. Knitted Fabrics &
3. Non Woven's

1.10 Winding Converting small yarn package into large package for
weaving.
1.11 Sizing Applying starch to the warp yarn before weaving to
withstand complex stresses.
1.12 Beaming Its a warping process, winding the warp yarns over
the warpers beam. These three process are called warp preparatory
process.
1.13 Preparatory Process in Dyeing Desizing, Scouring,
Bleaching and Mercerizing.

1.14 Dyeing Applying colour to the textiles in wet condition


otherwise called as wet processing.
1.15 Printing The application of colorant in definite, repeated
patterns to the textiles
1.16 Finishing It is final processing of the cloth. Its purpose is to
make the fabric more suitable for its intended end use. They are
categorised as mechanical finish and chemical finish.

Thank you..

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