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Managing Brand Equity

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Managing

Brand Equity
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Brand equity is
a set of brand assets and
liabilities linked to a brand
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Elements of Brand Equity:


Brand Loyalty
Brand Awareness
Perceived Quality
Brand Associations
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Brand Loyalty
Brand loyalty is a measure of the
attachment that a customer has to a
brand.
It reflects how likely a customer will be to
switch to another brand, especially when that
brand makes a change, either in price or in
product features.

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Brand Loyalty Pyramid


Committed Buyer
Likes the Brand - Considers it a Friend
Satisfied Buyer With Switching Costs
Habitual Buyer - No Reason to Change
Switchers / Price Sensitive
Indifferent No Brand Loyalty

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Measuring Brand Loyalty


Purchase Behavior Patterns
Switching Cost Analysis
Satisfaction Measurement
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Strategic Value of Brand Loyalty


Reduce marketing cost
Trade (channel distribution) leverage
Attracting new customers

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Enhancing
Brand Loyalty
Treat the customer right
Stay close to the customer
Measure/manage customer
satisfaction
Create switching cost
Provide extras

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Brand Awareness is
the ability of a potential
buyer to recognize or recall
that a brand is a member of
a certain product category

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Brand Awareness Hierarchy


Top of Mind
Brand Recall
Brand Recognition
Unaware of Brand

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Value of Brand Awareness


Anchor to which other associations can be
attached
Familiarity and liking
Signal of substance/commitment
Brand to be considered
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How to Achieve
Brand Awareness
Be different, memorable
Involve a slogan or jingle
Symbol exposure
Publicity
Event sponsorship
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12

Perceived Quality
The customer's perception of the overall
quality or superiority of a product or service
with respect to its intended purpose, relative to
alternatives. Perceived quality is a perception
by customers.

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13

What
Influences
Perceived
Quality of
Product?
Product

Performance
Features
Conformance with
specifications
Reliability
Durability
Serviceability
Fit and finish

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Appearance
Reliability
Competence
Responsiveness
Empathy
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What
Influences
Perceived
Quality of
Service?
Service
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The Value of Perceived Quality


Reason-to-Buy
Differentiate/Position
A Price Premium
Channel Member Interest
Brand Extensions
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Brand Association
A brand association is anything
"linked" in memory to a brand.
Thus, McDonald's could be linked to a
character such as Ronald McDonald, a
consumer segment such as kids, a feeling
such as having fun, a product characteristic
such as service, or a symbol such as the
Golden Arches.
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17

Some Types of
Associations

Product Attributes
Customer Benefits
Relative Price
Lifestyle/Personality
Celebrity/Person
Use/Application

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The Value of Brand


Associations
Help Process/Retrieve
Information
Differentiate/Position
Reason-to-Buy
Create Positive
Attitudes/Feelings
Basis for Extensions

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Maintaining
Associations
Be consistent over time
Be consistent over
elements of the marketing
program
Manage disasters in order
to minimize their damage
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Criteria for
Brand Name Selection
Be easy to learn and remember
Suggest the product class
Support a symbol or slogan
Suggest desired association without
being boring or trivial
Not suggest undesired associations
Be distinctive
Be available and protectable legally
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Source of Reference:
David Aaker, Managing Brand Equity : Capitalizing on
the Value of A Brand Name, Free Press

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