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    Introduction To Descriptive Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Nashwa Saad
    This document introduces common approaches for describing data, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency. It discusses how frequency distributions can be used to understand the data and how measures like the mode, median, and mean provide typical or central values for comparison. The mode is the most frequent value, the median splits the data in half, and the mean is the average. These statistical techniques are appropriate for different levels of measurement and can help summarize numeric or categorical data.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Introduction To Descriptive Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Nashwa Saad
    145 views18 pages
    This document introduces common approaches for describing data, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency. It discusses how frequency distributions can be used to understand the data and how measures like the mode, median, and mean provide typical or central values for comparison. The mode is the most frequent value, the median splits the data in half, and the mean is the average. These statistical techniques are appropriate for different levels of measurement and can help summarize numeric or categorical data.

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    Introduction to Descriptive Statistics

    Original Title

    Introduction to Descriptive Statistics

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    This document introduces common approaches for describing data, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency. It discusses how frequency distributions can be used to understand the data and how measures like the mode, median, and mean provide typical or central values for comparison. The mode is the most frequent value, the median splits the data in half, and the mean is the average. These statistical techniques are appropriate for different levels of measurement and can help summarize numeric or categorical data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    145 views18 pages

    Introduction To Descriptive Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Nashwa Saad
    This document introduces common approaches for describing data, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency. It discusses how frequency distributions can be used to understand the data and how measures like the mode, median, and mean provide typical or central values for comparison. The mode is the most frequent value, the median splits the data in half, and the mean is the average. These statistical techniques are appropriate for different levels of measurement and can help summarize numeric or categorical data.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The key takeaways are about descriptive statistics approaches like frequency distributions and measures of central tendency like the mode, median, and mean.

    The three common measures of central tendency discussed are the mode, median, and mean.

    The mode measures the most frequently occurring value in the data.

    Introduction to Descriptive

    Statistics
    Approaches for Describing Data
    Frequency
    Distributions

    Measures of Central
    Tendencies
    Frequency Distributions:

    Understanding the SPSS Output


    Navigator & the Results
    Frequencies

    N
    s
    g

    a
    u
    uc
    c
    c
    9
    9
    9 V
    f
    1
    1
    0 m
    0
    0 T
    0 T
    e

    au
    u
    cc
    c
    8
    4
    5
    5 V
    2
    5
    5
    5
    0 3
    3
    8
    0 T
    M
    S
    5
    2
    M
    2 T
    5
    8
    0 T
    n i

    a
    u
    r
    rr
    uc
    cc
    1
    3
    3
    3 V
    W
    9
    7
    7
    9 L
    4
    5
    5
    5 A
    A
    2
    3
    3
    7
    I
    1
    6
    6
    4 N
    1
    6
    6
    0 O
    8
    0
    0 T
    8
    0 T
    e p

    au l
    r
    r
    ruc
    c
    ce
    2
    3
    3
    3 V
    9
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    5
    2
    2
    1 1
    1
    6
    6
    7 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    7
    4
    4
    6 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    5
    2
    2
    3 1
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    3
    9
    9
    8 1
    4
    5
    5
    4 2
    1
    6
    6
    0 2
    8
    0
    0 T
    8
    0 T
    Measures of Central Tendencies
    Tell us what is typical 3 Common MCT
    in the data.
    Mode
    Help us to
    summarize the data.
    Median
    Provide a reference
    point for comparing Mean
    groups within the
    sample.
    The Mode
    The category in the frequency distribution
    which contains the most cases.

    The most frequently occurring event.

    Appropriate for all variables regardless of


    level of measurement.
    Frequencies

    N
    a
    osl
    g

    n d

    au l
    uc
    c
    c
    0
    9
    9
    9 V
    f
    8
    1
    1
    0 m
    8
    0
    0 T
    0 T
    8
    Frequencies
    i s

    N
    a
    o sl
    p
    t
    8
    0
    0
    p
    s

    e p

    mau l
    l
    r
    r
    ruc
    c
    cee
    2
    3
    3
    3 V
    9
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    5
    2
    2
    1 1
    1
    6
    6
    7 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    7
    4
    4
    6 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    5
    2
    2
    3 1
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    3
    9
    9
    8 1
    4
    5
    5
    4 2
    1
    6
    6
    0 2
    8
    0
    0 T
    8
    0 T
    The Median
    The point in the distribution above or below
    which 50 percent of the observations occur.
    The central point in the distribution.
    The point that cuts the distribution in half.
    Appropriate only for interval and ratio data.
    Frequencies
    i s

    N
    a
    odsl
    p
    t
    8
    0
    0
    0
    p
    s

    e p

    au l
    l
    r
    r
    ruc
    c
    ce
    2
    3
    3
    3 V
    9
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    5
    2
    2
    1 1
    1
    6
    6
    7 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    7
    4
    4
    6 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    5
    2
    2
    3 1
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    3
    9
    9
    8 1
    4
    5
    5
    4 2
    1
    6
    6
    0 2
    8
    0
    0 T
    8
    0 T
    Frequencies
    i s

    N
    a
    od
    sl
    U
    8
    0
    0
    0
    M

    d u

    au
    r
    r
    ruc
    c
    c
    1
    9
    9
    9 V
    P
    5
    5
    5
    4 S
    C
    2
    3
    3
    7
    J
    1
    6
    6
    3 S
    9
    7
    7
    0 o
    8
    0
    0 T
    8
    0 T
    The Mean
    The arithmetic average.

    Calculated by summing all of the values


    in a distribution and dividing by the total
    number of cases.
    Frequencies
    i s

    N
    a
    e
    od
    sla
    p
    t
    8
    0
    7
    0
    0
    p
    s

    e p

    au l
    l
    r
    r
    ruc
    c
    ce
    2
    3
    3
    3 V
    9
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    5
    2
    2
    1 1
    1
    6
    6
    7 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    7
    4
    4
    6 1
    4
    5
    5
    2 1
    5
    2
    2
    3 1
    1
    6
    6
    9 1
    3
    9
    9
    8 1
    4
    5
    5
    4 2
    1
    6
    6
    0 2
    8
    0
    0 T
    8
    0 T
    Frequencies
    i s

    N
    a
    e
    od
    s
    0
    6
    0
    0 C

    au
    ru
    c
    cc
    2
    9
    9
    9 V
    C
    1
    9
    9
    8 A
    5
    2
    2
    0 U
    8
    0
    0 T
    8
    0 T
    Level of Measurement &
    Descriptive Statistics
    Nominal: FD & Mode
    Ordinal: FD & Mode
    Interval/Ratio: FD, Mean, Median, & Mode.

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