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    Fluctuating Stresses1

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    Shubham Sharma
    1) Fatigue failure occurs when a material is subjected to repeated or fluctuating stresses below the material's yield point, causing progressive crack formation and unexpected failure without visible signs. 2) The fatigue properties of a material depend on factors like the maximum and minimum stress values, the number of load reversals, and the size and geometry of the component. 3) An S-N or Wöhler curve plots the stress amplitude versus the number of cycles to failure on logarithmic scales and is used to determine the endurance limit below which a material can withstand unlimited cycles without failing from fatigue.

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    Fluctuating Stresses1

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Sharma
    371 views11 pages
    1) Fatigue failure occurs when a material is subjected to repeated or fluctuating stresses below the material's yield point, causing progressive crack formation and unexpected failure without visible signs. 2) The fatigue properties of a material depend on factors like the maximum and minimum stress values, the number of load reversals, and the size and geometry of the component. 3) An S-N or Wöhler curve plots the stress amplitude versus the number of cycles to failure on logarithmic scales and is used to determine the endurance limit below which a material can withstand unlimited cycles without failing from fatigue.

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    FLUCTUATING STRESSES PPT

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    1) Fatigue failure occurs when a material is subjected to repeated or fluctuating stresses below the material's yield point, causing progressive crack formation and unexpected failure without visible signs. 2) The fatigue properties of a material depend on factors like the maximum and minimum stress values, the number of load reversals, and the size and geometry of the component. 3) An S-N or Wöhler curve plots the stress amplitude versus the number of cycles to failure on logarithmic scales and is used to determine the endurance limit below which a material can withstand unlimited cycles without failing from fatigue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    371 views11 pages

    Fluctuating Stresses1

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Sharma
    1) Fatigue failure occurs when a material is subjected to repeated or fluctuating stresses below the material's yield point, causing progressive crack formation and unexpected failure without visible signs. 2) The fatigue properties of a material depend on factors like the maximum and minimum stress values, the number of load reversals, and the size and geometry of the component. 3) An S-N or Wöhler curve plots the stress amplitude versus the number of cycles to failure on logarithmic scales and is used to determine the endurance limit below which a material can withstand unlimited cycles without failing from fatigue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    FLUCTUATING STRESSES

    FATIGUE FAILURE
    • When a material is subjected to repeated stresses, it fails at stresses below the yield
    point stresses. Such type of failure of a material is known as fatigue. The failure may
    occur even without any prior indications. The fatigue of material is affected by the size of
    the component, relative magnitude of static and fluctuating loads and the numbers of
    load reversals.

    Fatigue
    Failure

    Fluctuating Alternating Cyclic


    Stress Stress Stress
    FLUCTUATING STRESS

    • The stresses which vary from a minimum


    value to a maximum value of the same
    nature (i.e. tensile or compressive) are
    called fluctuating stresses.
    CYCLIC STRESS

    • The stresses which vary from one


    value of compressive to the same
    value of tensile or vice versa, are
    known as completely reversed or
    cyclic stress.
    ALTERNATING STRESS

    • The stresses which vary from a


    minimum value to a maximum value
    of the opposite nature(i.e. from a
    certain minimum compressive to a
    certain maximum tensile or from a
    minimum tensile to a maximum
    compressive) are called alternating
    stresses.
    S-N CURVE

    • A SN-Curve (sometimes written


    S-N Curve) is a plot of the
    magnitude of a fluctuating stress
    versus the number of cycles to
    failure for a given material.
    Typically both the stress and
    number of cycles are displayed
    on logarithmic scales.
    ENDURANCE LIMIT

    • If the stress is kept below a certain


    value as shown by dotted line the
    material will not fail whatever may be
    the no. of cycles. This stress, as
    represented by dotted line, is known
    as ENDURANCE OR FATIGUE
    LIMIT.
    ENDURANCE LIMIT AND FATIGUE FAILURE

    • It has been found experimentally that when a material is subjected to


    repeated stresses, It fails at Is places below the yield point is stresses.
    Such type of failure of a material is known as fatigue.
    • The failure is caused by means of a progressive crack formation which
    are usually fine and of microscopic size. The failure may occur even
    without any prior indication.
    • The fatigue of material is affected by the size of the component, relative
    magnitude of static and fluctuating loads and the number of load
    reversals.
    STRESS CONCENTRATION
    • Whenever a machine component changes the shape of its cross-section , the simple
    stress distribution no longer holds good. This irregularity in the stress distribution
    caused by abrupt changes of form is called stress concentration.
    • A stress concentration (stress raisers or stress risers) is a location in an object where
    stress is concentrated. An object is strongest when force is evenly distributed over its
    area, so a reduction in area, e.g., caused by a crack, results in a localized increase in
    stress.
    • A material can fail, via a propagating crack, when a concentrated stress exceeds the
    material's theoretical cohesive strength. The real fracture strength of a material is
    always lower than the theoretical value because most materials contain small cracks
    or contaminants that concentrate stress.
    • It occurs for all kinds of stresses in the presence of fillets, notches, holes, keyways,
    splines, surface roughness or scratches etc.
    STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR
    • When a machine member is subjected to cyclic or fatigue loading, the value of
    fatigue stress concentration factor shall be applied instead of theoretical stress
    concentration factor.
    • Mathematically, fatigue stress concentration factor,

    𝐸𝑁𝐷𝑈𝑅𝐴𝑁𝐶𝐸 𝐿𝐼𝑀𝐼𝑇 𝑊𝐼𝑇𝐻𝑂𝑈𝑇 𝑆𝑇𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑅𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁


    𝐾𝑓 =
    𝐸𝑁𝐷𝑈𝑅𝐴𝑁𝐶𝐸 𝐿𝐼𝑀𝐼𝑇 𝑊𝐼𝑇𝐻 𝑆𝑇𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑅𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁

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