BASKETBALL HISTORY

Prepared By: MAPEH MAJOR 4TH YEAR

WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
JAMES NAISMITH
 was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician,
chaplain, sports coach and innovator. He invented the
game of basketball at age 30 in 1891
 He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded
the University of Kansas basketball program.
 Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic
demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at
the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the
birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and
the NCAA Tournament (1939).
13 Original Rules
 The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or
both hands.
 The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both
hands, but never with the fist.
 A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw
it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be
made for a man running at good speed.
 The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms
or body must not be used for holding it.
 No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in
any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this
rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall
disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was
evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the
game. No substitution shall be allowed.
 A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of
Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5.
 If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count
as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without
the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
 Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted
from the ground into the basket and stays there,
providing those defending the goal do not touch or
disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the
opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal.
 When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into
the field and played by the first person touching it. In
case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the
field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds
it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists
in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on
them.
 The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls
and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been
made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to
Rule 5.
 The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it
is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep
the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and
keep account of the goals with any other duties that are
usually performed by a referee.
 The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five
minutes & apos; rest between.
 The side making the most goals in that time shall be
declared the winners.
 The First Ball
 The very first ball that was used was a
soccer ball until 1840 when an actual
“basketball” was invented. The basketball
was slightly smaller, about thirty inches in
diameter. The first purpose-built basketballs
were made from panels of leather stitched
together with a rubber bladder inside. A
cloth lining was added to the leather for
support and uniformity (identity). A
molded version of the early basketball was
invented in 1942.
 The Basket
 The first baskets that were used
were two peach baskets that were
hung from the balcony of the gym
 By 1906, the peach baskets were
replaced by metal baskets with
holes in the bottom.
 In 1913, a hoop with a net was
invented so the basketball could
fall freely to the ground.
 The Backboard
 In 1893, due to the
overzealous spectators
interfering with the basketball,
the backboard was invented.
The first backboard was
constructed out of wire mesh,
and then wood and now it is
made out of glass so the
backboard does not interfere
with the viewing of the game
 Players Allowed
 In 1897, the number of players
allowed on the court was
reduced to five on each team.
A team consisted of a center,
two forward and two guards.
At the beginning, there were
allowing six, seven and even
eight players on each team
Harlem Globetrotters
 Basketball became popular
because of the Harlem
Globetrotters.
 Abe Saperstein created the
Harlem Globetrotters in 1927.
 They were an all-Negro team,
which toured the world to
promote basketball. There was
no city too big or too small for
the them to play
 How the NBA was formed
 In 1946, the Basketball Association
of America was formed but it did
not go well because it was
competing against the National
Basketball League. But in 1949, the
Basketball Association of America
and the National Basketball League
joined together. They changed their
name to the National Basketball
Association (NBA)
Aspects of the Game that changed
 In the 1930’s, Kenny Sailor invented the jump
shot. He realized that he could shoot over taller
players if he jumped while he was shooting.
 In the 1930’s, Kenny Sailor invented the jump
shot. He realized that he could shoot over taller
players if he jumped while he was shooting.
 Also in the 1940’s, Bob Kurland use to block
shots, which led to the rule of “goaltending”.
 In 1952 the foul lane was widened and the three-
second rule was put into affect so centers could
not station themselves in front of the basket all
the time.
 In 1954, the twenty-four second shot clock was
introduced to eliminating the “stalling technique”
used by teams so that they could keep the lead in
the game.
 The three-point line was introduced in 1967.
Great Players to Ever Play the Game
Michael Jordan

Julius Erving
` aka Dr. J

Larry Bird
Earvin “Magic” Johnson

Kobe Bryant

Lebron James
 Violations and Hand signals
 Fouls – defensive / offensive
 Travel
 Double Dribble
 Carry
 Centre line violation
 Over 3 or 5 seconds in the key
Foul is an infraction of the rules more serious than
a violation. Most fouls occur as a result of illegal personal
contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike
behavior. Fouls can result in one or more of the following
penalties:
 The team whose player committed the foul loses
possession of the ball to the other team.
 The fouled player is awarded one or more free throws.
 The player committing the foul "fouls out" of the game.
 The player committing the foul is suspended from some
number of subsequent games.
 Personal foul
 is the most common type of foul. It results from
personal contact between two opposing players.
Basketball features constant motion, and contact
between opposing players is unavoidable, but
significant contact that is the fault of illegal conduct
by one opponent is a foul against that player. Most
personal fouls are called against a defensive player.
A personal foul that is committed by a player of the
team in possession of the ball is called an offensive
foul. When neither team is in clear possession of
the ball, a foul is called a loose-ball foul.
Flagrant foul
 A flagrant foul is violent player contact that the official
believes is not a legitimate attempt to directly play the
ball within the rules.
 The NBA and NCAA define a Flagrant-1 foul as
unnecessary contact, and two such penalties leads to
ejection of the player. A Flagrant-2 foul is contact that
is both unnecessary and excessive, and requires ejection.
 FIBA penalizes excessive or unjustified contact between
opponents. Its terms for the respective levels of foul are
an unsportsmanlike foul and a disqualifying foul.
 Technical foul
A technical foul is a foul unrelated to physical contact during game
play. The foul may be called on a player in the game, another player,
a coach, or against the team in general. This class of foul applies to
all of the following:
 Unsportsmanlike conduct outside the scope of the game, such as
taunting, profanity, or conduct toward an official.
 A personal foul committed by a player who has fouled out of the
game but is readmitted to the game because of the lack of
substitutes.
 Requesting a timeout when the team has already used their last
allotted timeout.
 Illegal gamesmanship, such as delay of game.
 A variety of other situations, such as arranging the players in an
illegal defense
Other terms
 A player foul is any foul, but typically personal
and flagrant fouls, by reference to the count of
fouls charged against a given player.
 A team foul is any foul by reference to the
count against a given team.
Travel / Travelling
 is a violation of the rules
that occurs when a
player holding the ball
moves one or both of
their feet illegally.
 Double Dribble
 An illegal dribble
(colloquially called a
double dribble), but
now referred to as a
"discontinued dribble
", occurs when a
playerdribbles with
two hands
simultaneously.
 Carry / Carrying
 also colloquially referred to as
palming, is a violation in the
game of basketball. It occurs
when the dribbling player
continues to dribble after
allowing the ball to come to
rest in one or both
hands. Carrying is similar to
a double dribble because the
player momentarily stops
dribbling and then resumes
dribbling.
 Three Seconds
 (also referred to as the three-
second rule or three in the
key, with often termed
a lane violation) requires that
in basketball, a player shall not
remain in the
opponents' restricted area for
more than three consecutive
seconds while their team is in
control of a live ball in the
frontcourt and the game clock is
running
 Illegal use of hands
 Extending the hands outside
the cylinder and
causing illegal contact (for
example, going for a steal but
hitting the player's hand or arm,
or hitting the arm of a
shooter). Hand-checking —
Contact by the defense on a ball
handler that impedes a player's
speed, quickness, rhythm,
and/or balance.
Blocking Foul
 a block or blocked shot
occurs when a defensive
player legally deflects a field
goal attempt from an offensive
player. The defender is not
allowed to make contact with
the offensive player's hand
(unless the defender is also in
contact with the ball) or a foul
is called.
Excessive swinging of elbow
 is a highly physical activity
where players engage in a
wide range of legal and
illegal contact. While
referees may allow a certain
amount of jostling and
pushing on the court,
striking an opponent with
an elbow nearly always
results in a foul call.
PUSHING OR CHARGING
 is a form of the
offensive pushing foul that
involves a player in possession
of the ball. Charging occurs
when the ball handler pushes
or moves into the opponent's
torso
Charging with the ball
 One of the keys to
maintaining possession of the
ball on offense is body
control. A charge, or player-
control foul, occurs when a
dribbler charges into a
defender who has already
established his position
 By team in control of the ball
If the player does not have
the ball, then it would be
a team control foul, which
is called a charge. When an
offensive player with
the ball runs over a defensive
player near the sideline and
the defender has one foot on
the out-of-bounds line, the
official will call a block
 Double
 Two fouls committed at the
same time by opposing
players against each other.
The penalties offset one
another, so the offense
retains the possession of the
ball and inbounds the ball
from the sideline. Both
players, however, are
charged with personal fouls
Technical Foul
 is any infraction of the
rules penalized as
a foul which does not
involve physical contact
during the course of play
between opposing players
on the court, or is
a foul by a non-player.
Unsportmanlike
 is a personal foul that
involves excessive or violent
contact that could injure
the fouled player. A flagrant
foul may be unintentional or
purposeful; the latter type is
also called an
"intentional foul" in
the NBA.
Disqualifying
 A foul is considered flagrant
when it involves excessive or
violent contact that could
injure the fouled player. A
flagrant foul may be
unintentional or purposeful;
the latter type is
simultaneously known as an
"intentional foul" in the
NCAA.
Substitution
 players that are not in the
starting lineup (also known as
bench players, backups, or
reserves) reside on the bench
and are available
to substitute for a starter.
 Beckoning -In
 Substitutes may only enter the
game when the ball is dead and
the clock is stopped, except
during the last minute of play in
college, and when the clock stops
after a made basket in the
National Basketball Association
(NBA).
 Charge time-out
 in basketball are provided under
the rules, in order to give players
a chance to rest, give coaches the
ability to talk things over with
their team, and provide players
and coaches a way to stop the
clock in late-game
situations. During a 20-
second timeout, only one player
may be substituted.
 Stop Clock
 whenever the ball goes out of
bounds, a foul is called, free
throws are being shot, and
during time outs. When the
ball is inbound, the clock
starts once a player touches
the ball. In the NBA the clock
stops after a made shot during
the last two minutes of the
game and overtime.
 TIME IN
 Beginning with one hand
raised above head, the start
of the clock is indicated by
dropping the raised hand
directly towards the floor.
 How long is a basketball game?
Basketball games are played a set amount of time. It's
different for different leagues and levels of play:
 High School - High school basketball games are
made up of four 8-minute quarters or two 16-
minute halves.
 College - NCAA college basketball games consists
of two 20 minute halves. This is the same for the
WNBA and international games.
 NBA - NBA games are made up of four 12-minute
quarters.
 Overtime

If the game is tied after regulation time, there will be overtime.

Overtime is 5 minutes long in most leagues. Additional overtimes
will be added until one team ends up on top.

The Shot Clock

In order to speed up the game and to prevent teams from stalling, a
shot clock was added. This is how long you have to shoot the ball. If
the ball changes possession or hits the rim of the basket, the shot
clock starts over. The length of the shot clock is different for
different basketball leagues:
 NCAA College Men - 35 seconds
 NCAA College Women - 30 seconds
 NBA - 24 seconds
24 or 14 second reset
 Teams were then required to
attempt a shot
within 24 seconds of gaining
possession, and the shot
clock would be reset when
the ball touched the basket's
rim or the backboard, or the
opponents gained possession.
 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN OFFICIALS
AND TABLE OFFICIALS
 Communication using proper
hand signals and body language,
together with a commanding
voice, are necessary ingredients
for successful officials. Signaling
at the spot . When you call a foul
... Come to a complete stop
about 10-15 feet from the
scorer's table. (You don't want
to get too close.)
Visible count
 count is applied: The three-
second count in the lane.
That count however, is not
a visible or verbal count.
 Deliberate foot ball
 classify intentional kicking
of the ball as a violation
resulting in a dead ball and a
stoppage in play
OUT-OF-BOUNDS AND
OR DIRECTION OF PLAY
 when it touches
a player who is out-of-
bounds or any other
person, the floor, or any
object on, above
or outside of a boundary
or the supports or back of
the backboard.
Held ball or Jump ball Situation
 a situation in basketball in
which two opponents have
their hands on the ball at
the same time so that neither
can gain control without
undue roughness and which
results in a jump ball.
Five seconds
 closely guarded violation
may be called against an
offensive player with the ball
when that player is guarded
closely for five seconds or
more and does not pass,
shoot, or dribble within that
time.
Eight Seconds
 the attacking team gains
possession of the ball in their
own half, they have
eight seconds to move the
ball into the opposition's half.
Let rip with all your views on
basketball.
 Twenty-four Seconds
 Once a team gains control of
the basketball, that team
has 24 seconds to put up a legal
shot. ... The shot clock starts
when a team gains procession of
the ball, and can re set when
procession changes, a violation
occurs, a foul occurs, a jump
ball, or a legal shot hits the ring.
 Back court
 A violation called when the
offense fails to bring the ball
from the backcourt to the
frontcourt within eight seconds
after gaining possession. When
the violation is called, the
offense loses possession of the
ball and the opposing team
inbounds the ball from the
sidelines.
 SIGNALLING SINGLET NUMBERS
Numbers between 4 & 15: referees can use 2
hands.

 After 20, only the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5

can be used. The referee only uses one hand to
signal these numbers. The highest number is 55.
Basic skill in basketball
 Dribbling
 Running
 Jumping
 Rebounding
 Defense
 Passing
 Shooting
Dribbling
 -is an important skill for all basketball players.
This skill will allow you to move up and down the
court, maneuver past defenders and execute
plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-handling
skills and knowledge of how to spread your
fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know
how to dribble equally well with both hands.
Types of Dribbles in Basketball
High Bounce
 The high dribble is used when you are trying to
move the ball up the court very quickly. Typically,
you will see high dribbles after steals and during
fast-break opportunities. To execute a high
dribble, keep you torso erect and push the top of
the ball forward, well ahead of your body. The
bounce of the ball should reach anywhere from
between your upper thigh to slightly above your
waist.
Change of pace dribble
 is used to cause your defender to lose his balance
as you move the ball forward with a high dribble.
The change of pace occurs when you slow your
momentum moving the ball forward and relax
your torso. The defender, thinking you are
slowing down, goes back on his heels.You rapidly
accelerate past him.
 Crossover
 If your defender is making a strong attempt to prevent
you from going right or left, using a crossover dribble
can be effective. For example, if your defender is
trying to prevent you from going to your right, you
would perform a crossover dribble to your left. To do
so, flick the ball across your body from your right hand
to your left hand, while simultaneously moving your
right foot across your body to your left. It is important
to keep your body low; your dribble should be no
higher than your knees. Accelerate past your defender
by pushing off with your left foot
 The between the legs dribble
 is used to go past a defender
who is overplaying you. If you
are going left, begin with rapid
low dribbles with your right
hand. Take a deep step forward
with your left foot and flick the
ball through your legs to your
left hand. Keep your body low
as you move forward to your
left.
 Behind the Back
 If you want to change directions while keeping a good
view of the entire court, a behind the back dribble can
be effective. If you want to move to your left, begin
dribbling with your right hand. To execute this dribble
you need to place your hand on the side of the ball.
Step forward with your left foot while simultaneously
wrapping the ball behind your back, across the back of
your thighs, and flick the ball toward your left hand.
Be sure to plant your right foot before stepping
forward with your left foot.
Running
 is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game,
you will find yourself running back and forth as
the game quickly transitions between offense and
defense. When you have the ball, running will
help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket
quicker. On defense, you often will find yourself
needing to run after the opponent, especially
during fast breaks.
Jumping
 is another skill that can define how good a
basketball player is. Jumping is involved in offense
during the jump ball in the beginning, while
taking shots and sometimes while trying to catch
a pass. On defensive you will need the ability to
jump when trying to block a shot or a pass. Being
able to out jump your opponent for a rebound
also is important.
 Rebounding
 ,colloquially referred to as a
board, is a statistic awarded to a
player who retrieves the ball
after a missed field goal or free
throw. Rebounds are also given
to a player who tips in a missed
shot on his team's offensive end
Defense
 The purpose of every
offensive move is to get YOU
off balance - because as soon
as you lose balance, the
offense can blow by you.
This means when you're
guarding the ball, you must:
Stay on your feet and do
NOT go for shot fakes.
Passing
 is another skill that when mastered can help you
become a complete basketball player. Basketball is
a team sport that involves finding a teammate
who is open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball
to this player can make the difference between
scoring and not scoring. Really great passers are
an important part of a basketball team and usually
the ones who set up scoring play
Type of Passing
 Air Pass - The pass travels between players
without hitting the floor.

 Bounce Passes - The pass is thrown to the floor

so that it bounces to the intended receiver
 Basic Variations:  Advanced Variations:

 Baseball Pass
 Chest Pass
 Dribble Pass
 Bounce Pass
 Behind-the-Back Pass
 Overhead Pass
 Pick and Roll Pass
 Wrap Around Pass
The chest pass
 The chest pass is named so because the pass
originates from the chest. It is thrown by
gripping the ball on the sides with the thumbs
directly behind the ball. When the pass is
thrown, the fingers are rotated behind the ball
and the thumbs are turned down. The resulting
follow through has the back of the hands facing
one another with the thumbs straight down. The
ball should have a nice backspin.
The bounce pass
 is thrown with the same motion however it is
aimed at the floor. It should be thrown far enough
out that the ball bounces waist high to the
receiver. Some say try to throw it 3/4 of the way
to the receiver, and that may be a good reference
point to start, but each player has to experiment
how far to throw it so it bounces to the receiver
properly. Putting a proper and consistent
backspin on the pass will make the distance easier
to judge.
The overhead pass
 is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball
directly above your forehead with both hands on
the side of the ball and follow through. Aim for
the teammate's chin. Some coaches advise not
bring the ball behind your head, because it can
get stolen and it takes a split-second longer to
throw the pass
 WRAP AROUND PASS
Step around the defense with
your non-pivot foot. Pass the
ball with one hand (outside
hand). It can be used as an air or
a bounce pass.You will often see
the wrap-around, air pass on
the perimeter and the wrap-
around, bounce pass to make an
entry into the post.
 Baseball pass
 is a one-handed pass that
uses the same motion as a
baseball throw. This is
often used to make long
passes. Be careful with
young kids.You don't
want them throw their
arms out.
 The dribble pass
 is used to quickly pass
the ball with one hand
off of the dribble. This
can be an air or bounce
pass.You'll see Steve
Nash do this all of the
time.
 Behind-the-back pass
 is when you wrap the
ball around your back to
throw the ball. It is used
to avoid the defender
when making a pass
across the front of you
would be risky. It can also
be used to throw the ball
to a player trailing on the
fast break.
PICK AND ROLL PASS
 This is a pass that is used when the defenders
double-team or switch on the pick and roll. If
dribbling to the right, your left side is facing the
target and you bring the ball up from your right
side to throw the ball overhead to the screener
who has either rolled to the basket or popped to
the perimeter. The pass is used to shield the ball
from the defender, and many times is thrown in
"hook shot" fashion. Advanced players can do this
while slightly fading away from the defender.
Shooting
 In order to score points in basketball, you
need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This
requires the ability to properly hold and
throw the ball into the air toward the basket
while avoiding defenders. A proper shot
requires precise aiming, arm extension and
lift from the legs. There are different types
of shots you need to learn, including jump
shots, layups and free throws.
Type of shooting in Basketball
 Jump Shot
 Layup
 Dunk
 Short shot
 Set shot/ free throw
 Fade away / fall-away
 Jump Shot
 The jumper is used most
frequently for mid- to long-
range shots, including three-
point attempts, although you
can use it from short range to
gain separation from a
defender. Jump straight up
and use the basic shooting
form. Release the ball at the
peak of your jump.
Layup
 You’ll typically shoot layups from very close
range after dribbling to the basket, or taking a
pass near the hoop. Typical layup form involves
grasping the ball with two hands, raising it in
front of your face and banking it off the
backboard, which all occurs while you’re in
motion. A putback of a missed shot is also
technically a layup. If you can jump well enough
you may also raise the ball as high as possible and
flip it straight through the rim.
 Post Shots
 Centers and power forwards who typically operate
near the basket often use short shots. A turn-around
jumper begins with your back to the basket.You then
jump away from the hoop while leaning back and
simultaneously pivoting about 180 degrees to face the
basket before you shoot. For a hook shot, stride into
the lane with your back to the hoop while keeping
your torso between the basket and the ball. Turn your
non-shooting shoulder toward the hoop, jump, raise
the ball straight up and flip your wrist to take the shot.
Set Shot/Free Throws
 The two-handed set shot was once the common
way to shoot from the perimeter. Today it’s
typically only used by young players who lack the
strength to shoot with one hand. A free throw,
however, is basically a type of set shot, although
it’s almost always performed with one hand. Use
the standard shooting form, but don’t jump.
 The dunk
 basketball’s most spectacular
shot, relies more on jumping
ability than shooting skill. If
you can jump high enough,
and hands large enough to
control the ball, leap, lift the
ball above the rim and push
or throw it through the net
 sideline

Center line

sideline