Architecture of Hospitals: Presented by Padmini

Architecture of hospitals
Presented by
Padmini
Architecture
The art and science of designing and erecting buildings

and other physical structures
An architectural brief is a requirement a client may have
that an architect designs to meet, usually by creating a
building to accommodate the requirement(s). A brief is a
written document that might be anything from a single
page to a multiple volume set of documents. It is often
formulated by or with the architect, and includes
opportunities assessed, constraints identified and needs
for further investigation clarified.
Site information
• It gives the information of :

• Physical description
• Land use in adjoining areas
• Any limitations of the site that would affect the
planning.
• Maps of vicinity and landmarks
• Existing utilities
• Nearest city, port and air port.
• Rainfall and data on weather and temperatures.
 Workload
 Functional content
Staffing
• Planning team- to prepare architect's brief.
• Medical and administrative persons have to be
appointed in early stages of the project
• consultant Architect
• Architect and engineers
• Commissioning team
Equipment
• fixed equipment
• Movable equipment
• Commissioning team procures the equipment,
furniture and supplies and prepares it for the
operation.
• a schedule of accommodation is sometimes
drawn up that will specify precisely the
number and size of rooms that will be
required, the relationships between rooms
and groups of rooms, the finishes, equipment,
furniture that will fit the room for its
functional purpose and the environmental
conditions that will assist the purpose
zoning
 Grouping of the departments according to the zoning
principles.
• Out patient and causality –closest to main entrance
• Next closest zone for medical service departments
• Inpatient departments should be in the interior zones.
• House keeping, store, laundry and kitchen- independent
and remote to the main hospital or should be grouped
around a service yard.
• The mortuary should be in a special service yard, with a
discreet entrance and away from other wards.
Financial aspects
Costs: budget includes-
o Construction
o Professional services
o Construction or project management services
o Fixed equipment
o Furniture and movable equipment
o Extra-utilities
o Installation of the equipment
o Site investigation and development , purchase of land
o Insurance .
o Taxes and other stationary charges
possible sources of funds include:
 Central government
 Gifts, donations or grants
 Money generated by hospital activities prior
to construction
o Essentials of hospital architecture from a hospital
administrators point of view:
o buildings should be efficient in present operations and yet flexible
enough to adopt for the perspectives of tomorrow.
o Landscaping should be appropriately planned to create a healing
environment.
o Design for flexibility and expandability
o The healthcare facility should be eco friendly and
designed to make use of renewable resources of energy
such as solar and wind energy
o Use of natural light, high efficiency light sources,
o effective natural/artificial ventilation, water recycling, use
of renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind and
biogas are some of the measures .
HOSPITAL ENGINEERING
SERVICES
IMPORTANCE:
• Safety and smooth operation of hospital.
• Mechanical and electrical components
represents 50 to 60% of total construction
cost.
• Responsible for ensuring economical
operation.
• Maintenance of hospital facilities and
expensive equipment.
• Capable of providing technical and
management support to hospital
administration.
• Department is responsive to the challenges of
rapid changes of formidable task.
Location:
• Ground floor in a non- prime area.
• Convenient access to elevators, unloading
dock, mechanical area.
• Noisy area so should be isolated and screened
from patient area.
• Basement location is ideal.
Basic engineering services:
• Hospital buildings and civil assets.
• Electricity supply.
• Water supply and sanitary system.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY:
• Ventilating, and air – conditioning.
• Heating and cooling water.
• Lighting.
• Cooking, refrigerating and freezing food.
• Operating all types of medical, sterilization,
incineration, laundry, equipments etc.
• The hospital electrical system calls for careful
planning.
• The electrical system is one of the major costs of
operation.
• Emphasis should be on the design of a system
that will operate economically.
• There should be an emergency generator to
supply power to essential and critical areas of
the hospital immediately.
DESIGN PROCEDURES:
• Work out actual connected load and the demand
load for the present and future.
• Develop a site plan of the hospital plant showing
the size and location of present and future loads.
• Determine the size, number and location of
power centres.
• Provide adequate power supply points to the
various pieces of equipment.
• Provide protection against lightning, earth
leakage current, short circuit current, under
voltage and over voltage.
• Observe special precautions required for
hospital safety.
• Consider special lighting design for patient
rooms and other areas.
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY
SYSTEM
MITHILA JS
MBA(HOM)
ICRI
Introduction
• Expertise of competent, experienced and specialist

engineers
• Tremendous pressure on the ability of hospital
administrators and hospital engineers to supply pure
water to the hospitals.
Sources of water supply
• Primary source-public utility
supply system
• Alternative sources
 Bore well
 Tanker supply
 Recycled water
To ensure a continuous
supply of water-
underground sumps
and over-head tanks
WATER REQUIREMENT OF HOSPITAL
• In accordance with the national Building Code(NBC)

Hospital(including laundry) per bed:
No. of beds not exceeding 100= 340 lts.per head per day
No. of beds exceeding 100 = 450 lts./ head /day
Nurses or medical staff quarters=135 lts/ head /day
Min.hot water requirement = 45 lts/head/day
Distribution network
• Distribution should be designed taking in to the

consideration the pressure and quantum of water required at
various outlets.
• Risk of contamination and erosion should be considered.
• The distribution system is often designed using the hydro
pneumatic system for achieving a uniform pressure at all
the outlet points.
• The potable water system should not be connected with
other piping systems, nor should it be connected with
fixtures having submerged inlets .This could cause
contamination.
PLANNING
• Adequate provision for future expansion

• Location and size of plant rooms, service ducts, etc.play a
very important role in designing an economical and
convenient system
• In large hospitals, the service floor concept may be
considered for running all sanitary and water supply lines
horizontally and terminate them in a common vertical duct
• Careful interaction with the architect and other service
engineers is necessary before finalizing the layout for the
water supply and sanitary system
Drainage systems
• Simple,effective,economical and serviceable.

• Should be designed keeping in view the kind of
septic and toxic waste that needs to be effectively
disposed of.
• Double stack system
• Pipelines should run with sufficient slopes so that
sewage could be conveyed to inspection chambers by
gravity.
• Sewage treatment plants
• The effluents from the treatment plants are further
treated to acceptable standards before their utilization
in landscaping or recirculation.
• For sewage disposal, it is preferable to use PVC pipes
as they are easy to install and repair, and also allow
for smooth flow of sewage.
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
• To stabilize the decomposable organic matter present

in sewage to produce effluents and sludge.
• These can be disposed of in the environment without
causing any health hazards or nuisance.
• The treated sewage water can also be reused for
various purposes like gardening, landscaping, A.C
cooling towers, etc.
Allied Engineering Services in
Hospitals
By – Dr. Ann Thambi.

Air Conditioning of the Hospital
Need for air conditioning of hospital facilities:

Proper air conditioning is helpful in the prevention and
treatment of diseases.
The factors determining the need for air conditioning in
hospital facilities are:
1. The need to restrict air movement within and between various

departments.
2. The specific requirements for ventilation and filtration to
dilute and remove contaminants in the form of airborne
microorganisms, viruses, odor, hazardous chemicals and
radioactive substances.
3. Different types of temperature and humidity requirements for
various areas.
4. Permit accurate control of environmental conditions.
5. Control of air quality and air movement
Air conditioning plant
The essential components are :
Condensing Unit
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Air Filtration
Three types
• Coarse filters or Pre-filters - prevent large particles and insects
entering the AHU.
• Micro fine filters – filters out particles up to 5 microns. Efficacy is
99.9 %
• High efficacy particulate air filters (HEPA filters) – filters out upto
0.3microns with an efficacy of 99.7 %.
Refrigeration Plants
For maintaining desired temperature and humidity and also ensure
dust free atmosphere refrigeration plants
 Areas
– OT: uncontaminated, fresh cool air,
23-24 C
– CSSD and Pharmacy: Sterile areas
– Sterilization Areas
– Mortuary
– Imaging area
– Laboratories
– Dialysis Room
Non conventional energy devices and energy
conservation
Energy conservation – efforts made to reduce energy consumption.
Non-Conventional Energy Sources

The sources of energy which are being produced continuously in
nature and are in exhaustible are called renewable sources of energy
(or) non-conventional energy.
Some of these sources are:

• Wind energy
• Tidal energy
• Solar energy
Solar Energy applications
1. Heating and cooling of residential building.

2. Solar water heating.
3. Solar drying of agricultural and animal products.
4. Salt production by evaporation of seawater.
5. Solar cookers.
6. Solar engines for water pumping.
7. Solar Refrigeration.
8. Solar electric power generation.
9. Solar photo voltaic cells, which can be used for electricity.
10. Solar furnaces.

Architecture of Hospitals: Presented by Padmini

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Architecture of Hospitals: Presented by Padmini

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Architecture of Hospitals: Presented by Padmini

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Architecture of hospitals

The art and science of designing and erecting buildings

• It gives the information of :

• Expertise of competent, experienced and specialist

• In accordance with the national Building Code(NBC)

• Distribution should be designed taking in to the

• Adequate provision for future expansion

• Simple,effective,economical and serviceable.

• To stabilize the decomposable organic matter present

By – Dr. Ann Thambi.

Need for air conditioning of hospital facilities:

1. The need to restrict air movement within and between various

Non-Conventional Energy Sources

Some of these sources are:

1. Heating and cooling of residential building.

You might also like