Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
398 views

Obstacle Detector: Name Roll No Name Roll No Name Roll No Name Roll No

The document describes an infrared obstacle detector circuit that uses an IR LED, photodiode, LM358 comparator IC, and other components. It works by emitting IR light via the LED and detecting reflections from objects using the photodiode, which changes voltage. The LM358 compares this voltage to a threshold set by a variable resistor, and outputs high or low depending on if the detected voltage is above or below threshold, triggering an LED or buzzer. Applications include industrial safety, wheel encoders, and contactless tachometers.

Uploaded by

Erole Technologies Pvt ltd Homemade Engineer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
398 views

Obstacle Detector: Name Roll No Name Roll No Name Roll No Name Roll No

The document describes an infrared obstacle detector circuit that uses an IR LED, photodiode, LM358 comparator IC, and other components. It works by emitting IR light via the LED and detecting reflections from objects using the photodiode, which changes voltage. The LM358 compares this voltage to a threshold set by a variable resistor, and outputs high or low depending on if the detected voltage is above or below threshold, triggering an LED or buzzer. Applications include industrial safety, wheel encoders, and contactless tachometers.

Uploaded by

Erole Technologies Pvt ltd Homemade Engineer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Obstacle detector

Name Roll No
Name Roll No
Name Roll No
Name Roll No
Introduction
This is an infrared based sensor which can be used for
obstacle sensing, color detection (between basic
contrasting colors line sensing, encoder sensor, IR
remote signal sensing, etc and also for wireless
infrared communication.
The sensor provides high immunity from ambient
light and can be used in all light conditions quite
effectively.
Components
IR pair (IR LED and Photodiode)
IC LM358
Resistor 10k, 1k.
7805 voltage regulator
LED
buzzer
Circuit diagram
Working
You can see the connections in the IR sensor circuit diagram.
Photo diode is connected in reverse bias, inverting end of LM358 (PIN 2) is connected to
the variable resistor, to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor. And non-inverting end (PIN
3) is connected to the junction of photodiode and a resistor.
When we turn ON the circuit there is no IR radiation towards photodiode and the
Output of the comparator is LOW.
When we take some object (not black) in front of IR pair, then IR emitted by IR LED is
reflected by the object and absorbed by the photodiode.
Now when reflected IR Falls on Photodiode, the voltage across photodiode drops, and
the voltage across series resistor R2 increases.
When the voltage at Resistor R2 (which is connected to the non-inverting end of
comparator) gets higher than the voltage at inverting end, then the output becomes
HIGH and LED turns ON.
Voltage at inverting end, which is also called Threshold Voltage, can be set by rotating
the variable resistor’s knob.
Higher the voltage at inverting end (-), less sensitive the sensor and Lower the voltage
at inverting end (-), more sensitive the sensor.
IR LED and a Photodiode
 IR sensor basically consist an IR LED and a Photodiode, this pair is
generally called IR pair or Photo coupler.
IR sensor work on the principal in which IR LED emits IR radiation and
Photodiode sense that IR radiation.
Photodiode resistance changes according to the amount of IR radiation
falling on it, hence the voltage drop across it also changes and by using
the voltage comparator (like LM358) we can sense the voltage change and
generate the output accordingly.
And in Indirect Incidence, both the IR LED and Photo diode are placed in
parallel (side by side), facing both in same direction. In that fashion, when
a object is kept in front of IR pair, the IR light gets reflected by the object
and gets absorbed by photodiode.
Note that object shouldn’t be black as it will absorb all the IR light, instead
of reflect. Generally IR pair is placed in this fashion in IR sensor Module.
LM358
LM358 is an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) and in this circuit we
are using it as a voltage comparator.
The LM358 has two independent voltage comparators inside it,
which can be powered by single PIN, so we can use the single IC to
build two IR sensor modules.
We have used only one comparator here, which have inputs at PIN
2 & 3 and output at PIN 1.
Voltage comparator has two inputs; one is inverting input and
second is non-inverting input (PIN 2 and 3 in LM358). When voltage
at non-inverting input (+) is higher than the voltage at inverting
input (-), then the output of comparator (PIN 1) is high. And if the
voltage of inverting input (-) is Higher than non-inverting end (+),
then output is LOW.
 Application
Industrial safety devices.
Wheel encoder.
Contact less tachometer.
QA
Thank You

You might also like