Irrigation Engineering: Course Instructor: Engr. Arif Asghar Gopang
Irrigation Engineering: Course Instructor: Engr. Arif Asghar Gopang
Irrigation Engineering: Course Instructor: Engr. Arif Asghar Gopang
ENGINEERING
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BASIN IRRIGATION
ADVANTAGES
o Efficient with good design
o Less labor than furrow irrigation
o Best suited for lands/crops where leaching is required to wash out salts
from the root zone
o Water application and distribution efficiencies are generally high.
LIMITATIONS
o It requires accurate land leveling to achieve high application efficiency
o Not suitable for crops which are sensitive to waterlogging
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BORDER IRRIGATION
ADVANTAGES
oEasy to construct and maintain
oOperational system is simple and easy
o
oNatural drainage is facilitated through downward slope
oComparatively less labor is required
LIMITATIONS
oRequires flat and smooth topography
oNot suitable for sandy soils
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FURROW IRRIGATION
ADVANTAGES
Less water is required as compared to basin or border
Evaporation loss is less
LIMITATIONS
Not suitable for high permeable soil where vertical
infiltration is much higher than the lateral entry
High amount of water is needed than drip or sprinkler
irrigation
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SPRINKLER
IRRIGATION
ADVANTAGES
Readily automatable.
Facilitates to fertilizers.
LIMITATIONS
High initial and maintenance cost.
Technical skill is required.
LIMITATIONS
High initial cost
Technical skill is required
The closer the system higher the system cost per hectare
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WHICH IRRIGATION METHOD CAN BE USED HERE
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ENERGY REQUIREMENT
SURFACE IRRIGATION METHOD REQUIRES LITTLE
OR NO ENERGY REQUIREMENT
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SELECTION OF IRRIGATION METHOD
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FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF AN
IRRIGATION METHOD
SOIL TYPE
o Light Sandy soils are not well suited to furrow or basin
irrigation systems.
o This is because of its low water holding capacity and
high infiltration rate.
o Sandy soils need slow and frequent application of water.
o High efficiency irrigation systems are useful for such
soils.
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SOIL TYPE
On loam or clay soils all three irrigation methods can be
used, but surface irrigation is more commonly found.
For clay soils, due to their low infiltration rate and low
permeability, surface irrigation methods are ideally used.
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CLIMATE
o Strong winds may disturb the spraying of water from
sprinklers.
o Under windy conditions, drip irrigation or surface
irrigation methods are most recommended.
o In areas of supplementary irrigation, drip or sprinkler
irrigation methods may be more suitable than surface
irrigation methods.
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FIELD SHAPE/GEOMETRY AND TOPOGRAPHY
o Flat lands with a slope of 0.1% or less, are best suited for basin
irrigation method.
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REQUIRED LABOR INPUTS
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TYPE OF CROP CONTINUES…
o Those crops that cannot stand in a very wet soil for more than
12–24 hrs should not be grown in basins.
o Row crops such as maize, vegetables, and trees are best suited
to furrow irrigation.
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COST AND BENEFITS
o Before choosing any irrigation system, an estimate must be
made of the costs and benefits of the available options.
o On the cost side, not only the construction and installation but
also the operation and maintenance (per hectare) should be
taken into account.
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ANY
QUESTIONS ?
THANK
S