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3 - Level Measurement

This document provides an overview of basic instrumentation for level measurement. It discusses level and units of measurement, common tank shapes, and various level measuring techniques including dipsticks, sight glasses, floats, displacers, hydrostatic pressure, bubblers, and capacitance probes. It also covers applications of level switches and specific problems that can occur with different level measurement methods.

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inam
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
134 views

3 - Level Measurement

This document provides an overview of basic instrumentation for level measurement. It discusses level and units of measurement, common tank shapes, and various level measuring techniques including dipsticks, sight glasses, floats, displacers, hydrostatic pressure, bubblers, and capacitance probes. It also covers applications of level switches and specific problems that can occur with different level measurement methods.

Uploaded by

inam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Instrumentation

Delivered by: Rahat Sarwar


Basic Instrumentation

Level
Measurement
CONTENTS
Level and Units

Shapes of Tank

Level Measuring Techniques

Level Applications & Specific Problems

Level Switch High & Low Settings


Level Measurement
Datumn line
LEVEL
Position of the surface of the liquid
above or below a fixed reference point
Outage
or Datum line. The Datum line is Measurement
the zero point from where the
liquid surface is to be measured.
Level
Innage
Measurement
Units
milli-meter, Meter, Inch
Number of Bolts
Feet
% Datumn line
In short, any unit which can be used for height
Level Measurement

Shapes of Tank
Level Measuring Techniques

Dipstick & Guage Stick


Level Measuring Techniques

Sight Glass & Guage Glass


Level Measuring Techniques

Float

An object that is buoyant in


water, rest or move on or
near the surface of a liquid
without sinking.
Level Measuring Techniques
Pulley
Float
Local indication

Float

Scale
Level
Level Measuring Techniques

Transformer
Float
Remote indication

Indicator

Float

Level
Level Measuring Techniques
Level Measurement by Displacer

Displacer do not ride on the surface of

the liquid but it is designed to


submerge in the liquid.
Displacer mechanism transfer

the slight mechanical motions


due to loss of weight which

can be used in instruments to indicate level.


Level Measuring Techniques

Level Measurement
by Displacer

Scale
Level
Float and Displacer

Floats & Displacers are always in direct contact with


the liquid being measured.

Both use to measure the level on Buoyancy principle.

Float is totally a hollow object.

Displacer is a solid or partially hollow and an


additional weight is added that it may submerge in to
the process as the level rises.
Float and Displacer

Floats ride at the surface of liquid.


Float movement is vertical.
Displacer movement is so slight that it is difficult to
see. Small change in position is proportional to any
change in level.
Float has the weight less or equal to the weight it
displaces, when fully submerged.
Displacer has weight more than the liquid it
displaces when fully submerged.
Level Measuring Techniques

Hydrostatic Pressure
There is a water tank that is open at the
top. A pressure gage is at the bottom. The
liquid exerts a force on the bottom.
This force is proportional to the depth of
the liquid. (Height X Density)
Force at any point in the tank varies with
the elevation of the liquid.
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE is the term
used to describe this force in a liquid at
rest.
Level Measuring Techniques

Bubbler Level Measurement


An air purge system used to measure corrosive, abrasive or
hard to handle liquids. Usually this system is used for the
underground tanks.
Air continuously bubbling out of the tube and the
instrumentation read back pressure
Where air have an undesirable effect on the fluid, a liquid
purge system is substituted.
No liquid in tank the air flows out of the bottom of the tank
and their will be no back pressure.
Level Measuring Techniques

Capacitance Level Measurement


A capacitor is formed when a level sensing electrode is installed in a vessel.
 The metal rod of the electrode acts as one plate of the capacitor and the
tank wall (or reference electrode in a non-metallic vessel) acts as the other
plate.
As level rises, the air or gas normally surrounding the electrode is
displaced by material having a different dielectric constant.
A change in the value of the capacitor takes place because the dielectric
between the plates has changed. RF (radio frequency) capacitance
instruments detect this change and convert it into a relay actuation or a
proportional output signal.
Level Measuring Techniques

Capacitance Level Measurement


Level Measuring Techniques

Application Specific Problems

• DP transmitter (Frequent Purging / flushing required,


Chocking of sensing lines/density variation effects)
• Capacitance Probe type (Leakage / Probe insulation
damage at high pressure applications
• Float & Displacer (Pinching / Sticking Problem)
Displacer type Level Switch

Displacer Type FIX Level


TXR Switches

FIX Level
Switces
Level switch High & Low Setting
Installation Location

Installation points for


alternate level indicator
Q&A Session !!!

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