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    Submitted By-: Pankaj Kumar Kabra Dinesh Sharma

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    pankaj kabra
    The document discusses 3G and 4G wireless technologies. It provides an overview of the evolution from 1G to 4G networks, including increasing data rates. 3G networks enabled multimedia applications but had limitations that led to the development of 4G networks, which support significantly higher data rates of 20-100 Mbps using technologies like OFDM, UWB, and smart antennas. The document compares key attributes of 3G and 4G networks such as bandwidth, data rates, and access methods.

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    Submitted By-: Pankaj Kumar Kabra Dinesh Sharma

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    pankaj kabra
    132 views23 pages
    The document discusses 3G and 4G wireless technologies. It provides an overview of the evolution from 1G to 4G networks, including increasing data rates. 3G networks enabled multimedia applications but had limitations that led to the development of 4G networks, which support significantly higher data rates of 20-100 Mbps using technologies like OFDM, UWB, and smart antennas. The document compares key attributes of 3G and 4G networks such as bandwidth, data rates, and access methods.

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    3g

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    The document discusses 3G and 4G wireless technologies. It provides an overview of the evolution from 1G to 4G networks, including increasing data rates. 3G networks enabled multimedia applications but had limitations that led to the development of 4G networks, which support significantly higher data rates of 20-100 Mbps using technologies like OFDM, UWB, and smart antennas. The document compares key attributes of 3G and 4G networks such as bandwidth, data rates, and access methods.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    132 views23 pages

    Submitted By-: Pankaj Kumar Kabra Dinesh Sharma

    Uploaded by

    pankaj kabra
    The document discusses 3G and 4G wireless technologies. It provides an overview of the evolution from 1G to 4G networks, including increasing data rates. 3G networks enabled multimedia applications but had limitations that led to the development of 4G networks, which support significantly higher data rates of 20-100 Mbps using technologies like OFDM, UWB, and smart antennas. The document compares key attributes of 3G and 4G networks such as bandwidth, data rates, and access methods.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Seminar

    on
    3G n 4G wireless technology

    Submitted
    by-

    Pankaj kumar
    kabra
    Dinesh
    Sharma
    Synopsis
     Introduction
     Impact of 3G and 4G

     4G Networks

     Difference between 3G and 4G

     Transmission technologies

     Business applications

     Advantage

     Disadvantage

     Advances and Challenges

     Conclusion


    Introduction
    10,00,00,00,000

    1,00,00,00,000
    4G
    10,00,00,000

    1,00,00,000
    3.5G
    10,00,000
    bps 3G
    1,00,000

    GPRS
    10,000

    1,000 2G
    100
    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
    Evolution Of Cellular Systems
     The advent of Cellular communications began in
    1940s known as MTS(Mobile Telephone Systems)
     There has been a gradual advancement in the
    capacity and signal strength.
     The development can be broadly divided into 3
    categories namely first, second and third
    generations.


    Wireless

    •Wire le ss is the  transfe r o f info rmatio n o ve r a distanc e  


    witho ut the  use  o f e le c tric al c o nduc to rs o r  wire s. 
    •
    •The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in 
    television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of 
    kilometers for radio
    communications). 
    MULTIPLE ACCESS METHODS
     There are predominantly three types of
    multiple access methods.
    1.FDMA(Frequency Division Multiple Access)

    2.TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

    3.CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)


    Need for 3G

    Drawbacks of previous generation
        
    •1G compares unfavorably to its successors. It has low capacity, unreliable 
    handoff, poor voice links, and no security at all since voice calls were 
    played back in radio towers, making these calls susceptible to unwanted 
    eavesdropping by third parties. 
    •
    •2G technologies weaker digital signals may not be sufficient to reach a Cell 
    tower.

    •2G Difficult roaming between countries using different systems.

    •Back ground Noise, lossycompression during CODECS.     
    •
    •
    Evolution from 1G to 3G

    Ø 1G- First-generation wireless, telephone


    technology,cellphones.

    Ø 2G - Digital mobile phones, including those that use


    GSM, CDMA or TDMA networks data-transfer rates
    ranging from 9.6 kb/s to 19.2 kb/s.
    Ø
    Ø 2.5G- i-mode data services, camera phones,high speed
    circuit-switched data(HSCSD),General packet radio
    service(GPRS). Data transfer rates ranging from 56
    kb/s to 170 kb/s.
    Ø
    Ø 3G-Handle streaming video, two-way voice over IP, and
    Internet content with high-quality graphics and plug-ins
    to a wireless phone. maximum data rate of 2 Mb/s.


    3G Standards
     3G Standard is created by ITU-T and is called as IMT-
    2000.
     The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G
    systems to provide Global Roaming.

    10
    Advantages of 3G Technology
     Telecommunications is up to 2 Megabits per
    second
     3G cellular phones also have conventional
    voice, fax and data services, as well as
    high-resolution video and multimedia
    services
     Includes mobile office services such as
    virtual banking and online-billing, video
    conferencing, online entertainment and
    access to the Internet.
     Watch television shows on your phone.

     Video conversations with other people who


    also use the same 3G technology
    Why Move Towards 4G?
    § Limitation to meet expectations of
    applications like multimedia, full motion
    video, wireless teleconferencing
     Wider Bandwidth
    § Difficult to move and interoperate due to
    different standards hampering global
    mobility and service portability
    § Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’;
    need a new integrated network
    § Limitations in applying recent advances in
    spectrally more efficient modulation
    schemes
    § Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP
    Why Move Towards 4G?
    § Limitation to meet expectations of
    applications like multimedia, full motion
    video, wireless teleconferencing
     Wider Bandwidth
    § Difficult to move and interoperate due to
    different standards hampering global
    mobility and service portability
    § Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’;
    need a new integrated network
    § Limitations in applying recent advances in
    spectrally more efficient modulation
    schemes
    § Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP
    Technology used in 4G
    qOFDM

    qUWB

    qSmart antennas

    qIPv6
    OFDM(orthogonal frequency division
    Ø
    multiplexing)
    Ø IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave.
    Ø
    Ø OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are
    then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver .
    Ø
    Ø By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference
    is virtually eliminated if the max. channel delay spread is less than the time
    interval of cyclic prefix.
    Ø
    Ø In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular.
    Ø
    Ø Here modulation can performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently
    as an IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.


    UWB(ultra wide band)
    q
    q An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.
    q
    q It is typically detected as noise.
    q
    q It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use
    frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices .

    q It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz.


    q
    q It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal.
    q
    q Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

    Smart antennas
    v
    v smart antenna can be employed to find tune ,and turn up signal information.
    v
    v smart antenna can send signal back in the same direction that they come from.

     There are two types of smart antennas-


    v switched beam antenna:- It has fixed beams of transmission, and switch from
    predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector.

    v Adaptive array antenna :- It represents the most advanced smart antenna approach to data
    using a variety of new signal It represent the most advanced smart antenna approach
    to date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the
    user, minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception.



    v
    IPv6
    v IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .
    v
    v The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one
    computer to another on the internet.
    v
    v Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely
    identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
    v
    v It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.


    Possible applications
    •Virtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a "virtual
     presence" (for example, always-on connections to keep people on
     event).

    •Virtual navigation: a remote database contains the graphical


    representation of streets, buildings, and physical characteristics of a
    large metropolis. Blocks of this database are transmitted i rapid
    sequence to a vehicle
    •Tele-medicine: 4G will support remote health monitoring of
    patients.
    •Tele-geoprocessing: Queries dependent on location information of
    several users, in addition to temporal aspects have many
    applications.
    •Crisis-management applications
    •Education
    ATTRIBUTE
    Major Characteristic 3G
    Predominantly 4G
    voice- data as Converged data and VoIP
    add-on
    Network Architecture Wide area Cell based Hybrid – integration of
    Wireless Lan (WiFi), Blue
    Tooth, Wide Area
    Frequency Band 1.6 - 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz

    Component Design Optimized antenna; multi- Smart antennas; SW multi-


    band adapters band; wideband radios
    Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 100+ MHz

    Data Rate 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps 20 – 100 Mbps

    Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM

    Forward Error Correction Convolution code 1/2, 1/3; Concatenated Coding


    turbo
    Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

    Mobile top Speed 200 kmph 200 kmph

    IP Multiple versions All IP (IPv6.0)

    Operational ~2003 ~2010


    Glossary
    3GPP:3G Partnership Project IMT:International Mobile Telecommunications
    AAA:Authentication, Authorization, Accounting ITU:International Telecommunications Union 
    AMR:Adaptive Multi Rate (Speech Codec) OVSF:Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
    ANSI:American National Standards Institute PDN:Public Data Network
    ARIB:Association of Radio Industries and Businesses  PLMN:Public Land Mobile Network
    (Japan) PSTN:Public Switched Telephone Network
    BRAN:Broadband Radio Access Network  QoS:Quality of Service
    (HYPERLAN  2) 2.5 Mbps RAB:Radio Access Bearer
    CAMEL:Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced  RNC:Radio Network Controller
    Logic RRC:Radio Resource Control
    CDMA:Code Division Multiple Access SGSN:Servicing GPRS Support Node
    CWTS: China Wireless Telecommunications Standards SIM:Subscriber Identity Module
    group (China) TDD:Time Division Duplex
    ECMA:European Computer Manufacturers  TDMA:Time Division Multiple Access
    Association TTA:Telecommunications Technology 
    EDGE:Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution Association  (Korea)
    ETSI:European Telecommunications Standards  TTC:Telecommunications Technology 
    Institute Commission (Japan)
    FDD:Frequency Division Duplex UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunications 
    FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access System
    GGSN:Gateway GPRS Support Node UTRAN:UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access 
    GMSC:Gateway MSC Network
    GPRS:General Packet Radio Service VoIP:Voice over Internet Protocol
    GSM:Global System for Mobile communication WCDMA:Wideband Code Division Multiple 
    GTP:GPRS Tunneling Protocol Access
    HIPERLAN:High Performance Radio Local Area  WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
    Network WPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network
    HLR:Home Location Register WWAN: Wireless Wide Area Network
    HSCSD: High Speed Circuit Switched Data
    THANK YOU

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