ATC - Air Traffic Control

ATC – Air Traffic Control
By :
Navajeev C
Contents
• Defining ATC
• History
• Operations linked with ATC
• Radar Coverage
• Problems
• Call signs
What is Air Traffic Control..?
• Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground

based Controllers who direct the Aircraft on the ground and
through controlled Airspace and can provide advisory
Services to aircraft in non-controlled Air Space.
• To prevent collisions ATC enforces Traffic Separation Rules,

which Ensure each aircraft Maintains a Minimum amount of
Empty space around it all times.
History
• In 1921, Croydon Airport, London was the first airport in
the world to introduce Air Traffic Control.
• The first ATC tower regulating all activities of aircraft at a

specific airport , opened in Cleveland in 1930
• Approach/departure control facilities were created after

adoption of RADAR in the 1950s to monitor and control the
busy airspace around larger airports.
Operations Linked with ATC
• Airport Control
• Ground Control
• Local Control / Air Control
• Approach and Terminal Control

Airport Control
• Air Traffic Controllers are responsible for the separation and
efficient movement of aircraft , and also vehicles operating
on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and
aircraft in the air near the airport, generally 5 to 10 nautical
miles (9 to 18 km) depending on the airport procedures.
• Controllers may use a radar system called Secondary

surveillance RADAR for airborne traffic approaching and
departing.
Ground Control
• Ground control (sometimes known as ground movement
control) is responsible for the airport "movement" areas, as
well as areas not released to the airlines or other users.
• This generally includes all taxiways, inactive runways,

Holding Areas, and some transitional aprons or
intersections where aircraft arrive, having vacated the
runway or departure gate.
Local control / Air control
• If local control detects any unsafe condition, a landing
aircraft may be told to “Go-Around" and be re-sequenced
into the landing pattern by the approach or terminal area
controller.
• Ground control must request and gain approval from local

control to cross any active runway with any aircraft or
vehicle.
Approach & Terminal Control
• Terminal controllers are responsible for providing all ATC
services within their airspace.
• Traffic flow is broadly divided into departures, arrivals, and

Over –flights.
• Terminal control is responsible for ensuring that aircraft are

at an appropriate altitude when they are handed off, and
that aircraft arrive at a suitable rate for landing.
RADAR COVERAGE
• Long Range Radars are used and are Capable Enough at
higher altitudes, to see aircraft within 200 nautical miles
(370 km) of the radar antenna.
• A Radar Archive System (RAS) keeps an electronic record of

all radar information, preserving it for a few weeks.
• When an aircraft has 'disappeared' from radar screens, a

controller can review the last radar returns from the aircraft
to determine its likely position.
RADAR
RADAR Output
View from ATC
Problems Faced by ATC
• Two Major Problems :
• Traffic
• Weather
Aircraft Traffic & Weather
Traffic at Airport Weather Conditions
• Arrivals of Flights • Heavy Rains
• Departures • Low visibility of Runway and
• Hopping Aircrafts aircraft
• Layovers • Thunderstorms
• Availability of Aero Bridges • Turbulence
• Vacant Runways • Crosswinds at Airport
• Heavy Snow Fall
Cross Winds affecting Take off and landing
Call Signs
• In order to ensure safe Air Traffic separation
Call signs are Used by Air Traffic Controllers.
Air Traffic Service Providers ( ATSPs )
• INDIA – Airports Authority of India (AAI) (under Ministry of Civil
Aviation.
• Malaysia – Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCA).
• Singapore – Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS).
• United Arab Emirates – General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA).
• United States– Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Thank you, have a safe journey....
Navajeev C
18040602
Government Polytechnic College,
Thottada Kannur

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ATC – Air Traffic Control

• Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground

• To prevent collisions ATC enforces Traffic Separation Rules,

• The first ATC tower regulating all activities of aircraft at a

• Approach/departure control facilities were created after

• Local Control / Air Control

• Approach and Terminal Control

• Controllers may use a radar system called Secondary

• This generally includes all taxiways, inactive runways,

• Ground control must request and gain approval from local

• Traffic flow is broadly divided into departures, arrivals, and

• Terminal control is responsible for ensuring that aircraft are

• A Radar Archive System (RAS) keeps an electronic record of

• When an aircraft has 'disappeared' from radar screens, a

• Malaysia – Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCA).

• Singapore – Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS).

• United Arab Emirates – General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA).

• United States– Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

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