Comparativos y Superlativos Presentacion en Ingles

Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Unidad de estudios básicos
Departamento Socio-humanístico
Sección de inglés
Comparatives and Superlatives

Reflexive Pronouns
Auxiliary Verbs
Teacher: Students:
Ana Castro Manuela Lizama
Anabedis Mata
Alexander Figuera
Eduar Guerrero
Maturín, June 2017
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two
objects they modify. They are used in sentences where two nouns are
compared, in this pattern:
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative

adjective + than + noun (object).
Examples:
My house is larger than hers.
This box is smaller than the one I lost.
The rock flew higher than the roof.
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at
the upper or lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the
fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences where a subject is
compared to a group of objects. The form is:
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative

adjective + noun (object).
Examples:
She is the youngest in her family.
I am the tallest in the class.
I am the happiest man in the world
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our Solar System.
Forming regular comparatives and
superlatives
Forming comparatives and superlatives is easy. The form depends
on the number of syllables in the original adjective.
• One syllable adjectives:
We add –er to the adjective comparative and –est for the superlative.
If the adjective has a consonant + single vowel + consonant

spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding the
ending.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Tall Taller Tallest
Fat Fatter Fattest
Big Bigger Biggest
Sad Sadder Saddest

Tall She is taller than me. She is the tallest of the classroom.
• Two syllables adjectives
Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative by adding –er or by
preceding the adjective with more.
These adjectives form the superlative either by adding –est or by preceding

the adjective with most.
Adjetive Comparative Superlative
Happy Happier Happiest
Simple Simpler Simplest
Busy Busier Busiest

Tilted More tilted Most tilted
Tangled More tangled Most tangled

• Three or more syllables.
Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by

putting more in front of the adjective.
Ex: They are more intelligent than we are.

Adjectives with three or more syllables form the superlative by
putting most in front.
Ex: My sister was the most scared.

Irregular comparatives and superlatives
These very common adjectives have completely irregular
comparative and superlative forms.
Adjetive Comparative Superlative

Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Little Less Least
Much More Most
Far Further / Farther Furthest / Farthest
Examples:
This book is bad That one is worse The other book is the worst
Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural).
There are eight reflexive pronouns:

Examples:
 Myself: yo mismo, a mí.

→ I saw it myself. (Yo mismo lo vi).
 Yourself: tú mismo (a tí), usted mismo (a usted).

→Don’t burn yourself! ¡No te quemes! / ¡No se queme!
 Himself: él mismo, a sí mismo.

→He hurt himself. (Se hizo daño).
 Herself: ella misma, a sí misma.

→She did it herself. (Lo hizo ella misma).
 Itself: él mismo, a sí mismo.

→The cat scratched itself. (El gato se rascó).
 Ourselves: nosotros mismos.

→We made it ourselves. (Lo hemos hecho nosotros mismos).
 Yourselves: vosotros mismos, ustedes mismos.
→Did you paint the house yourselves? /¿Pintasteis la casa vosotros
mismos? / ¿Pintaron la casa ustedes mismos?
 Themselves: ellos mismos.

→They were speaking to themselves. (Ellos hablaban consigo mismos).
Grammatical rules
1. We can use reflexive pronouns with most transitive verbs, but the
most common are:
Blame (culpar, echar la culpa a), Cut (cortar), Enjoy (disfrutar), Help
(ayudar), Hurt (hacerse daño), Introduce (presentarse), Prepare
(preparar), Teach (enseñar).
2. When we want to emphasize the subject, we can use reflexive
pronouns.
Example:
• We painted the house ourselves. (Pintamos la casa nosotros
mismos).
3. We use “by” + the reflexive pronoun to indicate “only”.

Example:
• She learned to read all by herself. (Ella aprendió a leer por sí
misma).
4. The use of the reflexive pronoun with some verbs can change
the meaning.
Example:
• Help yourself to some coffee. (Sírvete un café tú mismo).
5. We do not use reflexive pronouns for actions that people

usually do themselves.
Example:
• I have to shave every other day. (Tengo que afeitarme cada dos
días.)
• I have to shave myself every other day.
6. We use reflexive pronouns in some expressions.
Example:
• Behave yourselves! (¡Compórtense bien!)
• Help yourself. (Sírvete tú mismo).
Auxiliary Verbs
They are verbs that adds functional or grammatical meaning to
the clause in which it appears, such as to express time, aspect,
modality, voice, emphasis, etc.
Auxiliary (or Helping) verbs are used together with a main verb
to show the verb’s time or to form a negative or question.
Should (past form of shall).
Often used in auxiliary functions to express an opinion,
suggestion, preference, or idea:
• You should rest at home today.

• I should take a bus this time.
 Used to express that you wish something had happened but

it didn't or couldn't (should + have + past participle).
• You should have seen it. It was really beautiful.
 Used to ask for someone's opinion:

• What should we do now?
 Used to say something expected or correct:

• There should be an old city hall building here.
Have
“Have” is a very important verb that can stand alone in all its
tenses, including has, have, having, had, and hadn’t or had not. It
is usually used to denote ownership, and it can also be used to
discuss ability or describe appearance.
• Jerry has a large coffee stain on his shirt. → Has = action verb
• Jerry should have been more careful! → Have = auxiliary verb; phrase
“should have been” expresses time and evaluates Jerry’s actions
Might (past form of may)
Used to suggest a smaller possibility than may does (actually,
might is more common than may in American English):

• He might have finished it.
• I might go see a doctor.
Can

 Used to express ability (to be able to do something):
• He can't speak French.
• I can make jewelry
Could (past form of can)

 Describes an ability that someone had in the past:
• I could swim when I was young.
 Often used in auxiliary functions to express permission
politely:
• Could I take this jacket with me?
 Used to express possibility:

• All of them could ride in the van.
May
 Used to ask for formal permission:

• May I come in?
 Used to suggest something that is possible:

• She may agree with this plan.

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Universidad de Oriente

Comparatives and Superlatives

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative

• One syllable adjectives:

If the adjective has a consonant + single vowel + consonant

Adjective Comparative Superlative

These adjectives form the superlative either by adding –est or by preceding

Adjetive Comparative Superlative

Happy Happier Happiest

Simple Simpler Simplest

Busy Busier Busiest

Tangled More tangled Most tangled

Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by

Ex: They are more intelligent than we are.

Ex: My sister was the most scared.

Adjetive Comparative Superlative

There are eight reflexive pronouns:

 Myself: yo mismo, a mí.

 Yourself: tú mismo (a tí), usted mismo (a usted).

 Himself: él mismo, a sí mismo.

 Herself: ella misma, a sí misma.

 Itself: él mismo, a sí mismo.

 Ourselves: nosotros mismos.

 Themselves: ellos mismos.

3. We use “by” + the reflexive pronoun to indicate “only”.

5. We do not use reflexive pronouns for actions that people

• You should rest at home today.

 Used to express that you wish something had happened but

 Used to ask for someone's opinion:

 Used to say something expected or correct:

Could (past form of can)

 Used to express possibility:

 Used to ask for formal permission:

 Used to suggest something that is possible:

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