E9 Adjective&adverb

DELLAVA, ANGELICA MAE C.
BSED 2B
Adjective- is a word that tells us more about a noun. It describes or “modifies” a noun. Adjective
often comes before a noun.
Adverb- a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word
or group word, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstances, manner, cause, degree, etc.
(e.g., gently, quite, then, there)
Adjectives are primarily used to provide additional information about a noun or a pronoun, i.e.
people, animals and things. On the other hand Adverbs are used to give you extra detail about a
verb, adjective or adverb.
KINDS OF ADJECTIVE
1. Descriptive Adjectives- is a word which describes nouns and pronouns. Most of the
adjectives belong in this type. This adjective provide information and attribute to the
nouns/pronoun they modify to describe. Descriptive adjectives are also called qualitative
adjective.
2. Quantitative Adjectives- provides information about the quantity of the nouns/pronouns.
This type belongs to the question category of ‘how much’ and ‘how many’.
3. Proper Adjectives- are the adjective form of proper nouns. When proper nouns modify
or describe a nouns /pronouns, they become proper adjectives. ‘Proper’ means ‘specific’
rather than ‘formal’ or ‘polite’. A proper adjective allows us to summarize a concept in
just one word. Instead of writing /saying ‘a food cooked in Chinese recipe’ you can
write/say ‘Chinese food’. Proper adjectives are usually capitalized as proper nouns are.
4. Demonstrative Adjectives- directly refers to something or someone. Demonstrative
adjectives include the words: this, that, these, those. Demonstrative adjective works alone
and does not precede a noun, but a demonstrative adjective always comes before the
word it modifies.
5. Possessive Adjectives- indicate possession or ownership. It suggest the belongingness, of
something to someone/ something. Some of the used possessive adjectives are my, his,
her, our, their, your. And this adjective always come before a noun. Unlike possessive
pronouns, these words demand a noun after them.
6. Interrogative Adjectives- asks a question. An interrogative adjective must be followed
by a noun or pronoun. These words will not be considered as adjectives if a noun does
not follow right after them. ‘Whose’ also belongs to the possessive adjective type.
7. Indefinite Adjectives- describes or modifies a noun unspecifically. They provide
indefinite/ unspecific information about the noun. The common indefinite adjectives are
few, many, much, most, all, any, each, every, either, nobody, several, some, etc.
8. Articles- also modifies a noun. So, articles are also adjectives. Articles determine the
specification of noun. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are used to refer to a specific noun.
9. Compound Adjectives- when compound nouns/ combined words modify other nouns.
They are often separated by a hyphen or joined together by a quotation mark
REFERENCE:
learngrammarnet
KINDS OF ADVERB
1. Conjunctive Adverb- connects phrases or independent clause. It provides transition

between ideas and shows relationships
2. Sentence Adverb- starts the sentence and modifies the whole sentence.
3. Adverb of Time / Frequency (When?)- indicate time or frequency of the action in the
sentence. They answer the question ‘when/how frequently is the action performed?
4. Adverb of Place? Direction (Where?)- indicates time or frequency of the action in the
sentence. They answer the question ‘where is the action performed?’. Across, over under,
in, out, through, backward, there, around, here, sideways, upstairs, in the park, in the
field, in that place, etc. are some common adverbs of place/direction
5. Adverbs of Degree (How Much?)- adverbs that express the importance/degree/level of
the action in the sentence. They answer the question ‘how much is the action
performed?’. Completely, nearly, entirely, less, mildly, most, thoroughly, somewhat,
excessively, much, etc. are common adverbs of degree.
6. Adverbs of Manner (How)- Adverbs that express the manner/approach/process of the
action in the sentence. They answer the question ‘how is the action performed?’
Beautiful, equally, thankfully, carefully, handily, quickly, coldly, hotly, resentfully,
earnestly, nicely, tirelessly, etc. are common adverbs of manner. These adverbs usually
end in ly.
REFERENCE:
Learngrammarnet
ADJECTIVE-FORMING SUFFIX
Suffixes are letters attached to the end of a word. These endings can change the class of a word.
For example, adding a specific ending to a word can change it from a noun to an adjective. A
specific group of suffixes called adjective suffixes turn words into adjectives. An adjective is a
word that modifies a noun.
Certain suffixes are typical of adjectives. You can combine these ending with verbs and nouns to
create an adjective. Hence, adjective suffixes can change the root word’s grammatical function.
For instance, adding -able to the verb prevent produces a new adjective. Words with certain
endings like -able suggest that a word is an adjective.
Sometimes when a suffix gets added to a root word the spelling of the root word changes. One
common adjective suffix, -ness, when combined with the ending y produces a spelling change.
For example, when heavy and –ness join the y turns into an i before producing the new
word heaviness. It is important to be aware of whether a suffix transforms the spelling of the root
word. Learning these common spelling alterations are critical if you wish to spell well.
Adjective suffixes turn words into adjectives. Several different endings fall into the category of
adjective suffixes. The below list shows the common adjective suffixes.
Adjective Suffixes
 ful (grateful, beautiful, bountiful)

 less (hopeless, baseless, reckless)
 able (capable, creatable, craftable)
 ous or ious (delicious, humourous, gracious)
 ic (stoic, heroic, iconic)
 ‘ive (pensive, expensive, authoritative)
 ant (poignant, extravagant, brilliant)
The ending -ful suggests being full of something while -less means without. -Able refers to
things that are capable of being. In contrast. -ious or -ous suffixes suggest having qualities of the
root word. Finally, -ic means related to, -ive means nature of, and -ant means being inclined to.
PATTERN OF SEQUENCING ADJECTIVE
In many languages, adjectives denoting attributes usually occur in a specific order. Generally,
the adjective order in English is:
1. Quantity or number
2. Quality or opinion
3. Size
4. Age
5. Shape
6. Color
7. Proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material)
8. Purpose or qualifier
For example:
1. I love that really big old green antique car that always parked at the end of the street.
2. My sister adopted a beautiful big white bulldog.
Reference: Gingersoftware.com.content/grammar-rules/adjectives/order-of-adjective
DEGREE OF COMAPRISON BETWEEN ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB
We often use adjectives and adverbs to compare. There are three degrees of comparison, positive
(or negative), comparative, and superlative.
Definition:
If you are talking about only one thing, you can't really compare, but if the word
modified possesses that characteristic, it is used in the positive. If it is a negative
characteristic, it is in the negative.
I am old.
You are young.
Definition:
If you are comparing two things, you must use the comparative (compare) form or
degree.
I am older than my brother.
You are younger than your sister.
Definition:
If you are comparing more than two things, you must use the superlative (super) form or
degree.
I am the eldest of three sisters.
You are the youngest person in your family.
Hint:
Superman is the strongest. Superlative means the best.
Forming Degrees of Comparison
Positives Comparative Superlative

add suffix er add suffix est
One syllable adjectives and adverbs
bigger, older, newer biggest, oldest, newest
add suffix est
some (including ones add suffix er
silliest, quietest,
ending in y, ow, le) sillier, quieter, politer
politest
use more use most
Two syllable some (including ones
more often, more most often, most
adjectives ending in ful)
careful careful
(Check a dictionary if
you aren't sure.) can either add
can either add
suffix est or use most
suffix er or use more
some heaviest or most heavy
heavier or more heavy
cleverest or most
cleverer or more clever
clever
use more use most
Two syllable adverbs
more quickly most quickly
use more use most
Three syllable adjectives and adverbs
more incredible most incredible
Negatives Comparative Superlative
use less use least
all adjectives and adverbs
less friendly least friendly
Hint:
When you are comparing one thing to the group, you can use the words other or else in
your writing or in your mind to clarify what you are comparing.
James is taller than any boy in his class. (Is it comparative or superlative?)
James is taller than any other boy in his class. (It is clearly comparative.)
Michelle is a better artist than anyone in her art class. (Which is it?)
Michelle is a better artist than anyone else in her art class. (Clearly superlative.)
Hint:
Watch out for adjectives and adverbs that share the same root. They are not the same
word.
careful, more careful, most careful
carefully, more carefully, most carefully
Spelling changes
One syllable adjectives with a short vowel before a single consonant usually double the
consonant before adding the suffixes.
big - bigger, biggest; mad - madder, maddest
One syllable adjectives that end in silent e or two syllable words that end in le do not double
the e.
cute - cuter, cutest; little - littler, littlest
When adding suffixes er and est to words ending in y, you must change the y to an i before
adding the suffix.
merry - merrier, merriest; friendly - friendlier, friendliest
REFERENCE: Englishgrammar101.com/module-6/modifiers-adjectives-and-adverbs/lesson-10/
comparing-with-adjectives-and-adverbs

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DELLAVA, ANGELICA MAE C.

1. Conjunctive Adverb- connects phrases or independent clause. It provides transition

 ful (grateful, beautiful, bountiful)

PATTERN OF SEQUENCING ADJECTIVE

2. My sister adopted a beautiful big white bulldog.

DEGREE OF COMAPRISON BETWEEN ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB

Forming Degrees of Comparison

Positives Comparative Superlative

big - bigger, biggest; mad - madder, maddest

merry - merrier, merriest; friendly - friendlier, friendliest

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