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    Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) : - Presented By: Swati Shukla

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    Swati Shukla

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    Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) : - Presented By: Swati Shukla

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    Swati Shukla
    58 views26 pages

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    Wireless Application Protocol

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    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views26 pages

    Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) : - Presented By: Swati Shukla

    Uploaded by

    Swati Shukla

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Wireless Application

    Protocol(WAP)

    • Presented By:
    Swati Shukla
    Overview
     WAP Introduction
     WAP architecture requirements
     Architecture overview
     World-wide web model
     WAP model
     Components of WAP architecture
     Sample Configuration of WAP technology
     Usage, Advantages & Disadvantages of WAP
     Summary
    • WAP stands for Wireless Application
    Protocol
    o WAP is an application communication
    protocol
    o WAP is used to access services and
    information
    o WAP is inherited from Internet standards
    o WAP is for handheld devices such as mobile
    phones
    o WAP is a protocol designed for micro
    browsers
    o WAP enables the creating of web
    applications for mobile devices.
    o WAP uses the mark-up language WML (not
    HTML) WML is defined as an XML 1.0
    application
     
    Purpose of WAP
     
    To enable easy, fast delivery of relevant information
    and services to mobile users.
     
    Type of devices that use WAP
     
    Handheld digital wireless devices such as mobile
    phones, pagers, two-way radios, smart phones and
    communicators -- from low-end to high-end.
     
    WAP works with most Wireless networks  such as:
    CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX,
    ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex.
    Operating systems that are compatible with WAP
    • WAP is a communications protocol and an application
    environment.

    • WAP is independent of OS that means WAP can be


    implemented on any OS.

    • It can be built on any operating system including Palm


    OS, EPOC 32, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, Java
    OS, etc. It provides service interoperability even
    between different device families.
    Architecture Overview

    • WWW programming model is optimized and


    extended to match characteristics of the
    wireless environment

    • Utilizes proxy technology to connect


    between the wireless domain and WWW
    World-Wide Web Model

    Web Server

    Client
    Request CGI,
    (URL) Scripts,
    Etc.
    Web
    Browser
    Response
    (Content)
    Content
    WAP Programming Model

    Gateway Web Server

    Client Encoded Request


    CGI,
    Request (URL)
    Encoders Scripts,
    WAE And Etc.
    User Decoders
    Agent Encoded Response
    Response (Content)
    Content
    • WAP Device
    - Is used to access WAP applications and
    content. It might be a PDA, handheld
    computer.

    • WAP Client
    - Entity that receives content from Internet via a
    WAP Gateway. This is usually the WAP
    Browser.

    • WAP Content/Origin/Application Server


    - Element in the network where the information
    or web/WAP applications resides.
    • WAP Proxy
    - Acts both as a client and as a server in the
    network.Typically has
    – Protocol gateway : translates requests from the
    WAP protocol stack to WWW protocol stack
    – Content encoders and decoders : translate WAP
    content into compact encoded formats to reduce
    the size of data over the network
    It allows content and applications to be
    hosted on standard WWW servers and
    developed using proven WWW technologies
    such as CGI scripting
    • WAP Gateway
    - Intermediary element used to connect two different
    types of network. It receives request directly from
    the clients as if it actually were the origin server that
    clients want to receive the information form. The
    clients are usually unaware that they are speaking to
    the Gateway.
    • WAP Browser
    – Software running on the WAP device that
    interprets the WAP content arriving from the
    internet and decides how to display it on WAP
    device.
    WML
    • WML – Wireless Markup Language formerly
    called HDML (Handheld Devices Markup
    Language)
    • Is a tag language that allows the text portions of
    Web Pages to be presented on cellular phones and
    Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) via wireless
    access.
    • WML is used for delivering data to WAP devices,
    and is HTML- like in its appearance.
    • An alternative to WML is I-Mode’s cHTML
    language.
    WAP Network Example
    Components of WAP
    Architecture
    Application Layer (WAE)
    Other Services
    And Applications
    Session Layer (WSP)

    Transaction Layer (WTP)

    Security Layer (WTLS)

    Transport Layer (WDP)

    Bearers :
    GSM CDMA PHS IS-136 CDPD PDC-P FLEX Etc…
    Wireless Application Layer(WAE)
    • General-purpose application environment
    based on a combination of WWW and
    mobile telephony technologies.
    • It defines the user interface on the phone. It
    contains WML and WTA (Wireless
    Telephony Application).
    • Primary objective – interoperable
    environment.
    • WAE includes a micro-browser (Client software
    designed to overcome challenges of mobile handheld
    devices that enables wireless access to services such
    as Internet information in combination with a
    suitable network) server environment which provides
    – WML
    – WML script
    – WTA
    – Content formats
    Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
    • The WAP session protocol (WSP) layer provides
    a lightweight session layer to allow efficient
    exchange of data between applications.
    • Application layer with a consistent interface for
    two session services
    – Connection-oriented service that operates
    above the transaction layer protocol (WTP)
    – Connectionless service that operates above a
    secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP)

    • Optimized for low-bandwidth bearer networks


    with long latency
    Wireless Transaction Layer(WTP)

    » Runs on top of a datagram service


    • The WAP transaction protocol (WTP) layer
    provides transaction support, adding reliability to
    the datagram service provided by WDP.
    • Light weight transaction-oriented protocol
    • Three classes of transaction services
    – Unreliable one-way requests
    – Reliable one-way requests
    – Reliable two-way request-reply transactions
    Wireless Transport Layer
    Security (WTLS)
    Based on industry-standard Transport Layer
    Security (TLS) protocol
    • Optimized for use over narrow-band
    communication channels
    • Features:
    – Data integrity
    – Privacy
    – Authentication
    – Denial-of-service protection
    Wireless Transport Layer (WDP)
    • The WAP datagram protocol (WDP) is the
    Transport layer that sends and receives messages
    via any available bearer network, including SMS,
    USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS–136 packet data, and
    GPRS.
    • Operates above the data capable bearer services
    supported by various network types.
    • Provides a common interface to the upper layer
    protocols and hence they function independent of
    the underlying wireless network.
    Bearers

    • Differing levels of quality of service with


    respect to throughput, error rate, and delays
    • WAP protocols are designed to compensate
    for or tolerate these varying levels of
    service
    • WDP specification lists the bearers that are
    supported and techniques used to allow
    WAP protocols to run over each bearer
    USAGE
    - Corporate Applications: Sales force automation
    where sales people use their WAP enabled handsets to
    get instant, direct access to the latest pricing, latest
    news, competitive information any time, anywhere.
    - Online Services:
    Banking: Users can get their current balance,
    transfer funds between accounts and receive fax of a
    mini-statement.
    Electronic Commerce: Subscribers can use their
    handset just like their PC to purchase products and
    services over the Web.
    - Tele services
    Prepaid Services: With a WAP-enabled phone,
    prepaid subscribers can see their current balance with
    the press of a button. By pressing another button,
    they can also recharge their account by entering a
    credit card or voucher number into the handset.

    - Personal Productivity
    Email: Using WAP users can keep track of their
    email right from their handset.
    - Others include:
    - Interactive Chat
    - Auctions
    - Games
    The ADVANTAGES that WAP can offer over these other
    methods are the following:
    • open standard, vendor independent
    • network-standard independent
    • transport mechanism–optimized for wireless data
    bearers
    • application downloaded from the server, enabling fast
    service creation and introduction, as opposed to
    embedded software
    DISADVANTAGES of WAP

    • Small screens: For web phones, there's an incredibly small


    viewing area;
    • Speed of access: All devices have slow access.
    • Limited or fragmented availability: Wireless web access is
    sporadic in many areas and entirely unavailable in other
    areas.
    • Price: Many technology limitations are being addressed by
    higher-end devices and services. But the entry price for a
    good wireless web palmtop with decent display, keyboard,
    and speed is easily $700 to $900, not including monthly
    access.
    • Lack of user habit: It takes some patience and overcoming
    the learning curve to get the hang of it -- connecting, putting
    in an address, typing. Users just aren't used to the idea and
    protocol yet.
    •      

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