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  • IPv4 Addressing

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    IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol addressing schemes. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in decimal as four numbers between 0-255 separated by dots. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses can be public, routable on the internet, or private for internal networks. Common address types include unicast for one-to-one communication, multicast for one-to-many, and link local addresses for local network communication.

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    IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol addressing schemes. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in decimal as four numbers between 0-255 separated by dots. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses can be public, routable on the internet, or private for internal networks. Common address types include unicast for one-to-one communication, multicast for one-to-many, and link local addresses for local network communication.

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    114 views21 pages

    IPv4 Addressing

    Uploaded by

    MIHAYA M
    IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol addressing schemes. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in decimal as four numbers between 0-255 separated by dots. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses can be public, routable on the internet, or private for internal networks. Common address types include unicast for one-to-one communication, multicast for one-to-many, and link local addresses for local network communication.

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    of 21

    IP Addressing

    IPv4 Address
    • An Internet protocol address is a protocol used to
    communicate packet of data across a network.
    • IPv4 is controlled by IANA.
    • Unique address.
    • 32-bit logical address.
    • IP address have four segment.
    • Represented in decimal form.
    • Each octet have 8 bit.
    • Each octet have a range in between 0-255.
    • E.g. 192.168.10.5.
    • Each octet is separated with dot operator(Dotted decimal).
    IPv4 Structure
    class 1st octet Decimal Network ID(N)/ Default Subnet
    range Host ID(H) mask
    A 1-126 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0
    B 128-191 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0
    C 192-223 N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0
    D 224-239 Reserved for multicast
    E 240-254 Reserved for Broadcast
    Decimal to Binary Conversion
    The Simplest method of converting between decimal and binary is to remember
    the following table.

    128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

    Example

    Convert a decimal number 172 to binary

    128+32+8+4=172

    128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
    1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

    The binary equivalent for the given decimal number 172 is


    10101100
    Binary to Decimal Conversion

     Converting from binary back to decimal is even simpler.


     Apply the binary number to the conversion table.
     Add up any columns with binary number bits set to 1.
     Consider the binary number 11110001.

    128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
    1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

     128+64+32+16+1=241
    Static and Dynamic IP address

    Static IP address:

    • These are the IP address to host device manually


    • Static IP address are fixed

    Dynamic Address:

    • These are the IP addresses provided to host


    devices automatically
    • These IP address are assigned with the help of a
    protocol called DHCP
    Private and Public IP Address
    Private IP Address:

     IP Address which are assigned to a Local Area Network(LAN).


     Private IP are non purchasable

    Private IP Range:
    Class A 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

    Class B 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

    Class C 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255


    Public IP Address:

    Public IP are purchasable

    Used for Wide Area Network(WAN)

    A public IP address is an IP address that can be


    accessed directly over the internet 

    Assigned to the network router by the internet


    service provider (ISP)
    SPECIAL IP’S
     127.0.0.0 is a loopback address or self ping(Packet Internet
    Groper)address to check the net connectivity

     To check Start->Run->cmd->ping “IP address of other


    device”

     To check NIC(Network Interface Controller) working

     Start->Run->cmd->ping 127.0.0.1

     169.254.0.0 is a APIPA(Automatic Private IP Addressing)


    CIDR

     CIDR is a simplest method of representing a subnet mask.

     CIDR Identifies the number of binary bit to 1 or ON in subnet


    mask

     Class A - /8

     Class B - /16

     Class C - /24
    SUBNETTING
     Making subnets from a parent network is called subnetting.

     It is used to implement security in a network rather than


    implementing.

     For that to create subnet works under one parent network.

     Avoid IP wastage.

     Implements networks security.

     Avoid networks traffic.

     Simplified administration through network.


    SUBNET MASK

    128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    1 1 128
    2 1 1 192
    3 1 1 1 224
    4 1 1 1 1 240
    5 1 1 1 1 1 248
    6 1 1 1 1 1 1 252
    7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 254
    8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255
    Class-c Subnetting(1-bit)
    N N N H
    10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

     STEP-1

    • No. of Moved bit m=1

     STEP-2

    • No. of Subnet works 2^m=2

     STEP-3

    • No .of Host per Subnet work


    • (2^n)-2
    • 2^7-2
    • 128-2
    • 126

     STEP-4

    • New Subnet Mask

    • 255.255.255.128

     STEP-5

    • BLOCK SIZE/INCREMENT VALUE


    • 2^8 – Change in subnet mask
    • 256-128
    • 128
    N/W ADDRESS B/C ADDRESS

    192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.127

    192.168.1.128/25 192.168.1.255/25
    IPv6 OVERVIEW

     IPv6 is the Newest version of the IP protocol.

     It was Developed to overcome deficiencies of IPv4.

     Large address space.

     Enhanced Security.
    IPv6 ADDRESS FORMATE
     An IPv6 Address is 128 bits long.

     Much larger than a 32-bit IPv4 Address.

     IPv6 uses EIGHT GROUP of four Hexa Decimal Digits


    separated by COLONS.

     Example:-

    2340:0023:AABA:0A01:0055:5054:9BAC:DDCE
    IPv6 ADDRESSING SHORTENING
     There are two conversions that can help to shorten IPv6
    Address.

    1. A Leading Zero can be omitted.

    Example:-
    2340:0023:AABA:0A01:0055:5054:9BAC:DDCA

     The given IPv6 Address can be shortened into:-


    2340:23:AABA:A01:55:5054:9BAC:DDCA
    2.Successive fields of zero can be Represented as
    Two Colon(::)

    Example

    1454:0045:0000:0000:4140:0141:0055:ABBB

    Can be shortened as:-

    1454::4140:141:55:AABB
    IPV6 COMMUNICATION TYPES
    UNICAST:

    One to One Transmission

    Types:-

    1.Global Unicast-Public range


    2.Unique Local-Private range
    3.Link Local-APIPA

    MULTI-CAST:

    One to Many Transmission.

    ANY CAST:

    One to nearest Transmission


    SPECIAL IP

    Loop back Address ::01 or ::1

    Invalid IP-0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 or ::

    Multi cast – FF80::

    Link local – FE80::

    Global Unicast – 2000::

    Unique local – FC00::

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