Elec-Thermal Factory en Final3

PREVENT MAINTENANCE AND
REPARATION TRAINING COURSE
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
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More knowledge, More opportunities
I. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• The aim of this course is to instruct the participant

on basic methods and procedure for the
maintenance and repair of industrial electrical
equipment.
• The training shall be designed to improve and
refresh participants’ necessary knowledge and skills
on work procedures, Regulations on how to plan and
conduct Maintenance work, mechanical maintenance
and industrial electrical equipment safely and
effectively.
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II. COURSE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
• General
• Job requirements and project time.
• The overall diagram, specification and general
operating principle of the Electrical thermal Factory
consists of 2 main parts:
+ Power Control system
+ Electrodynamic system
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COURSE CONTENT
I/ AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

II/ COURSE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT:
A/ INDUCTION:
B/ Maintenance of industrial electrical equipment
1. Transformers
1.1. Definition
1.2. Basic types of transformers
1.3. Electrical diagram
1.4. Methods of checking transformers before commissioning
1.5. Common problems and how to deal with them
2. Switchgear system:
2.1. Distinguish types of bus bars: High voltage, low voltage.
2.2. How to maintain bus bar system
2.3. Common failures and problems
2.4. Discussion questions
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COURSE CONTENT
2.5. Circuit breaker:
2.5.1. Distinguish different types of circuit breakers and how to install technical
parameters
2.5.2. Methods of inspection and maintenance
2.5.3. Common failures and how to troubleshoot
2.5.4. Discussion questions
3. Genset
3.1. Definition
3.2. Basic types of Genset
3.3. Basic electrical diagram of generator
3.4. How to check a generator before Start-up
3.5. Methods of maintenance, generator maintenance
3.6. Common failures and how to trouble shooting
4. Generator Synchronization to the network:
4.1. Definition
4.2. Generator synchronization methods
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COURSE CONTENT
4.3. Condition
5. Generator and auxiliaries
5.1. Commont fault and troubleshooting:
5.2. Stator Coil grounding:
5.3. Abnormal stimulation system:
6. Basic electrical equipment:
6.1. Motor
6.2. Maintenance method
6.3. Electrical equipment in electrical cabinets:
6.4. Electrical equipment used
6.5. Metering devices
7. Exciter system
7.1. Definition
7.2. Classification of types of sizes
7.3. Common failures and troubleshooting methods
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COURSE CONTENT
8. UPS
8.1. Definition
8.2. Basic UPS Types
8.3. Electrical diagram
8.4. UPS Quality Check Methods Before Commissioning
9. INTRODUCTION OF BASIC ELECTRICAL DEVICES
9.1. Auxiliary Power
9.2. Grounding system maintenance:
9.3. Electrical test
9.4. Installing ground wire
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COURSE CONTENT
10. Electrical safety

10.1. Steps to prepare before carrying out Electrical maintenance
10.2. Basic method of protection

10.3. How to use basic electrical measuring tools
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SECTION I
GENERAL INDUCTION
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OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE THERMAL POWER INDUSTRY
1.The period before 1975
2.Period 1976-1990
3.Period 1991-2010
4.Period 2011-present
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THERMAL POWER FACTORY
OVERVIEW
Period before 1975
•The first coal-fired power plant in Vietnam was the Flower Garden Lamp
House, built by the French in February 1894 in Hai Phong. Then, in the
North and Central regions, small factories with a scale of no more than 10
MW and low parameters were built in turn.
•Till October 1954, the total capacity of the North's power source was only
about 31.5 MW with an electricity output of about 53 million kWh/year.
To meet the electricity demand, along with repairing, renovating and
upgrading power plants left by France, in the years 1955 - 1960, Vietnam
started construction and put into operation a number of thermal power
plants. New coal has small and medium capacity, medium pressure steam
parameters (pressure/temperature up to 3.43 MPa (35 bar)/435 degrees
Celsius), chain grate and blast furnace technology.

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OVERVIEW
• In 1961, with the help of the Soviet Union, Vietnam started the construction
of Uong Bi Thermal Power Plant - the main power source of the North.
Besides, Ninh Binh Thermal Power Plant with a capacity of 100 MW
supported by China has also been put into operation since 1974. These are
the first coal power plants with a capacity of up to hundreds of MW invested
by Vietnam.
• However, during the war against America, power plants were always the
focus of bombardment of American aircraft. Although the employees of the
Electricity industry did not hesitate to sacrifice, cling to the furnace, keep the
machine, maintain production, but because most of the power generation
facilities in the North were fiercely bombarded, many factories were badly
damaged. factories were completely destroyed, so coal-fired power output
continuously decreased. In the South, by the end of 1974, there were a
number of coal-fired thermal power plants operating with a total capacity of
more than 250 MW, of which the largest scale was Thu Duc Thermal Power
(165 MW).
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OVERVIEW
Period 1976 – 1990
•After the country's reunification, Vietnam began to implement
the General Power Development Plan phase I from 1981 to 1985.
•In order to overcome the serious imbalance of electricity supply
and demand, the North focused on speeding up the construction
progress of Pha Lai 1 coal-fired power plant consisting of 4 units
(4x110 MW) and repairing and upgrading other plants.
•Thanks to the addition and consolidation of power generation
sources, in the period 1980 - 1990, the electricity output of coal-
fired power plants always accounted for about 40% of the total
output of the entire power system.
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OVERVIEW
Period 1991 – 2010
During this period, Vietnam focused on strongly exploiting
hydroelectricity. During the past 20 years, Vietnam has
only had 5 more medium and large-scale thermal power
plants put into commercial operation. Therefore, the
output from coal-fired power source in this period only
accounts for 10-16% of the total electricity output of the
country.
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OVERVIEW
Period from 2011 to present
According to the adjustment of the National Power Development
Plan for the 2011-2020 period with a vision to 2030 (Adjusted Power
Master Plan VII), by 2020, the total capacity of coal-fired power
plants will be about 26,000 MW (accounting for 42 7% of the power
capacity of the whole system), producing about 131 billion kWh
(accounting for 49.3% of electricity output). Accordingly, from 2011,
a series of large-capacity coal-fired power plants (600 - 1,200 MW)
across the country were continuously put into operation. Coal
thermal power is increasingly asserting its role as the main source of
electricity, ensuring national energy security.
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OVERVIEW
Period from 2011 to present
•Along with the development in both the number of plants and the
capacity scale, coal-fired thermal power technology is also becoming
more and more modern, allowing the operation of power units with
high efficiency, safety and economy. Many coal-fired power plants have
invested in spray coal-fired technology with subcritical and
supercritical steam parameters... Vietnam has also successfully applied
a control and automation system for coal-fired power plants.
•In particular, coal-fired thermal power plants are invested with
modern, highly effective environmental treatment technology such as:
ESP system to filter electrostatic dust, remove SOx, NOx..., meeting the
regulations according to Vietnam's environmental standards. The issue
of environmental protection during the operation of coal power plants
in Vietnam is increasingly concerned and implemented very effectively.
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JOB REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING
ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Job requirements:
Employees need to have a positive
working attitude
Go to work on time, rest on time
Smoking and taking breaks in the right places
Follow the rules of the investor as well as the contractor
Need to understand the specialized knowledge to serve the
assigned work well
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TIMETABLE
Day Subject (Item) Contents Training time (hours)

2.1.1 Define
1,2,3 Generator: 2.1.2 Basic type of Generator 24
2.1.3 Common failures
2.2.1
Define
4 Generator Synchronization 2.2.2 8
Generator synchronization methods

Define
Excitation System 2.3.1.
5 Type of excitation 8
2.3.2.

2.4.1. Define
6,7,8 Main Transformer 2.4.2. Types of Transformer 24
2.4.3. Common failures
Define
2.5.1.
9 UPS system Types of UPS 8
2.5.2.

2.6.1.
Operating devices
10 Basic electrical equipment 8
2.6.2. Auxiliary power supply system

2.7.1. Types of Switchgear: HV, MV, LV
Switchgear of in-house Power
11,12 Switchgear Maintenance 16
System
2.7.2.
2.8.1. Distinguish different types of circuit
13,14 Circuit Breaker 16
2.8.2. Methods of maintenance
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TIMETABLE
Training time
Day Subject (Item) Contents
(hours)
3.1 Auxiliary Power

3.2 Grounding system maintenance:
Introduction the basic equipment 4
3.3 Electrical test
3.4
Installing ground wire
15
Steps to prepare before carrying out Electrical
4.1
4.2 maintenance
Electrical safety 4
4.3
Basic method of protection

How to use basic electrical measuring tools
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INSTRUCTOR INTRODUCTION
NAME: ……
QUALIFICATION: ….
EXPERIENCE: …..
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PARTICIPANTS INTRODUCTION
NAME: ……
JOB TITLE: ….
EXPERIENCE: …..
DESIRE AFTER COMPLETE THIS COURSE: ….
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SECTION II

MAINTENANCE
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MAINTENANCE
• The purpose of this section is to provide participants

with the knowledge and skills to perform tasks related to
the Basic Electrical section (supervised by professional,
experienced engineers and technicians).
• Use safe work procedures and use the correct tools,
work equipment, and personal protective equipment
(PPE).
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MAINTENANCE
After complete this course, the participants can:

1/ Understand the basic electrical diagram of the plant.
2/ Know the time to maintain and maintain electrical
equipment.
3/ The main work items to be done and the time it
takes to perform each item.
4/ Understand and follow safety rules.
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ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM OF THE FACTORY
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MAINTENANCE DURATION
• Minor repairs
• Repair
• Overhaul
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Minor repairs:
•Common name for the shortest maintenance level, usually in the
period from 3 months to 1 year.
•Particularly, there is a small repair time of about 36 months for
electrical equipment such as: Busbar, Switch Gear...
•Maintenance and repair time: From 3 hours to 20 hours depending
on electrical equipment
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Repair:
•Common name for the average maintenance level, usually in the
period from 36 months to 72 months.
•Maintenance time: From 5h to 20h depending on electrical
equipment
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Overhaul:
•Common name for a large maintenance level, usually from 60
months or more, depending on electrical equipment
•Maintenance time: From 30h to 80h depending on electrical
equipment
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1. TRANSFORMER
1.1 Types of transformer:

•Oil transformer • Dry transformer
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1. TRANSFORMER
OIL TRANSFORMER
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1. TRANSFORMER
OIL TRANSFORMER
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1. TRANSFORMER
DRY TRANSFORMER
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1. TRANSFORMER
1.2. STRUCTURER:
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1. TRANSFORMER
1.3. Method of oil Transformer

maintaince:
•Check the power is OFF, hang
the POWER OFF board.
•Short circuit of phases,
protective earthing
•Use a special cleaning cloth and
alcohol or a specialized cleaner
to clean the insulator, the case
and the outer sheath of the coils.
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1. TRANSFORMER
• Overview survey, analysis and

evaluation of the operating
status of transformers
• Carry out a professional
cleaning of the transformer
overall
• Periodic oil sample testing
• Add oil of the right type of
transformer oil when the
machine is low in oil during
operation
• Clean and re-tighten the cosse
terminals, high-voltage and low-
voltage side cable connections
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1. TRANSFORMER
• Check insulation value of

transformer in components:
high voltage - Earthing, high
voltage - low voltage and low
voltage - Earthing
• Clean the case and porcelain,
check the cable at the first and
second ends
• Check transformer oil
temperature, check controller
operation
• Check the AC (AC), DC (DC)
power supply, clean the control
cabinet, the boards of the step
switch
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1. TRANSFORMER
1.4. Method of dry Transformer maintaince:
•Overview survey, analysis and assessment of
the operating status of transformers
•Check the high- and low-voltage side cables
and the core from the transformer to see if
there is a burning phenomenon, to offer
appropriate maintenance methods.
•Carry out a professional cleaning of the
transformer overall
•Clean high pressure, low pressure parts,
magnetic core, cooling fan
•Re-tighten the entire high-voltage and low-
voltage terminals of the transformer
•Check the operating temperature of the
transformer
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1. TRANSFORMER
COMPARISON TABLE OF DRY TRANSFORMER AND OIL TRANSFORMER

Type Dry transformer Oil transformer
Power Big capacity Limited capacity
Time-life Longer Lower
Indoors, or in harsh
Installation Out-door
environmentst
Possibility of igniting(°C) 1000 350
There is a higher risk of fire
Safety features Safer
and explosion
About 10-30% higher

Cost Lower
(depending on the brand)
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1. TRANSFORMER
1.5. Problems and fixes:
a/ Common problems:
1. Short circuit between phases in 3 phases transformer
• This is a problem that occurs when the circuit between the phases of the
machine is unevenly short, causing the current to have trouble circulating.
Although the case of short circuit in a three-phase transformer is very rare,
the consequences will be much more serious than that of a single-phase
machine..
2. Short circuit in single phase transformer
• Similar to the short circuit in a three-phase machine, the current will be
obstructed, resulting in difficult distribution of transmission. If not repaired
in time, it will most likely lead to total machine failure. In addition, being in
the same phase when the circuits of the loops are different due to use is also a
common problem in transformers.
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1. TRANSFORMER
3. Magnetization current spike when no-load transformer is closed

•This problem occurs when the no-load transformer is closed resulting in a
chaotic state of the current. When a problem is detected, the first
requirement is to turn on the machine to bring the current back to the
normal state, avoiding damage to the transformer
•The above are all technical problems on the inside of the machine. In
addition to these incidents, external factors also need to be taken into
account, such as: overloaded voltage when short-circuiting a single-phase
machine in the power system; the current is continuously high due to the
short circuit; or the oil level is suddenly lowered without meeting technical
standards, etc. These problems need to be checked carefully and have a
timely remedy to avoid damaging the machine and affecting the entire
electrical system.
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1. TRANSFORMER
b/ How to fix
1. Protect the fuse
The fuse is the part that protects the transformer when the
current is overloaded or under great pressure. When overload
occurs, the fuse will automatically cut off the current to prevent
damage to the machine. Therefore, when using the transformer,
it is necessary to carefully check the fuses to see if they have
any problems, are in good working order or not. In particular,
when detecting a problem in the fuse, it should be replaced
immediately to protect the transformer.
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1. TRANSFORMER
2. Using overcurrent relay

Overcurrent relays are often used in transformers with large
capacity from 1000 to 2000 KVA to limit the overload of
current when the amount of electricity increases. This can be
considered a safer measure than protecting fuses in small
transformer.
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1. TRANSFORMER
3. Longitudinal differential protection:

The task of longitudinal differential protection is to prevent
short-circuits between the windings of the transformer, to
avoid obstructing the flow of current. However, this measure is
only used in transformers with large capacity and installed in
the high-voltage grid. It is not suitable for small and medium
sized transformer.
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1. TRANSFORMER
4. Transformer winding earth fault protection

•This type of protection is only used for earthed neutral
transformers in order to limit the damage of it when in direct
contact with the ground. To use this type of protection, it is
necessary to equip the transformer according to the technical
requirements of the engineer in order to achieve the best effect.
•In addition to these protection measures, there are other types
of protection such as: autotransformer protection, transformer
winding overheating protection, etc.
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2. BUSBAR SWITCHGEAR
2.1. Define:
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Copper busbar is a metal bar made of copper with a cube

shape including length, width and height (thickness)
processed, cut and bent into shapes suitable for installation
in electrical cabinets.
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2.2. Busbar system maintenance:

•Make sure the operator has to cut off the power to the
entire busbar
•Use an electric meter to check the voltage before starting
work (Note that the busbar is high or low voltage to use
appropriate measuring equipment).
•Hang a sign that DANGER OF ELECTRICITY
•Conduct short circuit connection to earth to protect tester
•Shielding live elements
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• Use a specialized device to tighten the screws, ensuring

that the connections between the busbars are not loose.
• Use a special solution and a soft, dust-free cloth to clean it
• Check insulation with an insulation meter
(Note the appropriate voltage level when measuring low-
and high-voltage insulation. Low voltage uses U to
measure < 1000V, High voltage U measures = 5000V)
• Check the contact resistance between the screw
connections between the busbar contacts
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2.3. Common failures and how to deal with them

•Overcurrent, Differential, Undervoltage, Earth fault…
•Overcurrent:
When we consider power system protection diagram, the
fastest way is to start from busbar protection diagram,
because that is the easiest diagram. It is common to use
overcurrent protection relays (Figure 1). A protective
overcurrent relay is an electromagnetic device in which
current flows through a coil around a core metal
generating a magnetic field. When the current is large
enough, the magnetic field attracts the metal cap, closing
the circuit switch.
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Hình 1 - Overcurrent protection.
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Differential:
•When the busbar is in normal state, the output current
will be equal and the cyclic current in the secondary circuit
will be as shown. No current will flow in the overcurrent
relay.
•The current flowing in the overcurrent relay is equal to
the comparison (hence the name differential relay)
between the input currents. In this case the currents are
equal so the offset current is zero.
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Hình 2 - Differant Protection.
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Differential:
•If the busbar in figure 2 appears to be short-circuited (keep
phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth), the input and output
currents of the busbar will be different. . So the relay over
comparator current will be non-zero (I1S – I2S).
•If the differential current is large enough to cause the magnetic
field to activate the differential protection overcurrent relay,
causing the circuit breakers XandY, in addition to blocking and
resclosing the circuit breaker, starting the short-circuit
protection process and the necessary actions. other for the
specified protected area.
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Undervoltage:
Hình 3 - Low voltage protection relay

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Undervoltage :
•Busbar undervoltage protection (also known as a no-volt trip) is used a lot
in two cases:
•Many load devices, especially motors, are easily affected by low voltage.
When the supply voltage to the motor reduces, the motor will try to supply
the same amount of torque to a given load and will require more current.
This will result in overheating motor windings result in insulation damage
and reduce motor life. Another application is to prevent all loads from
restarting at the same time, especially when re-energizing. The load is
usually increased gradually so that the generator stabilizes to generate
power before other loads are connected (according to the load/unload
heating limit on the motor).
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• When the load is connected to the busbar at the same time when the
power is restored, the voltage on the busbar will decrease and the load
will fall into a low voltage state. Another danger is that the voltage
closes too quickly, causing the supply and load currents to be out of
phase, causing surge currents and mechanical stress on the motor.
• Protection undervoltage actuated by relay electromagnetic (example
shown shown in figure 7). The relay causes a coil magnetic field when
the voltage is still higher than the set level, causing the normally open
contacts to close.
• When the voltage drops, the coil cannot hold the magnetic foil and the
contact will be disconnected. In this type of protection, there is often a
delay (timer), to prevent impulses during voltage conversion (if the
voltage bar changes quickly, the relay state does not change).
• The voltage drop and time delay are set so that re-energizing does not
overload the motor.
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Busbar ground fault :
•Busbar ground fault is more common than phase fault or three phase
fault. The main reason is due to deterioration of insulation or moisture.
Due to the severe effect on the connected equipment, this busbar
needs to be immediately isolated from the electrical system.
•Relay false protection is used to protect busbar with this type of short
circuit.
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2.4. Discussion questions:
1/What device do we use to check if the busbar has
electricity?
2/f you feel unsafe when doing work, what will you do if the
operator says it is safe?
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2.5. TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CABINETS AND
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
2.5.1. Electrical cabinets:
•-External overview:
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Maintenance:
•Clean the cabinet surface
with a specialized cleaning
solution such as Contact
Cleaner, WD40…
•Use a vacuum cleaner to
clean inside/under the cabinet
•Tighten screw mechanisms.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• General
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
2.5.2. Electrical equipment in the cabinets:
•Switchgear
•Controlling device
•Measuring device
•Protective equipment
•Other accessories
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Switchgear:
•ACB, VCB, SF6…
•Circuit breaker block(MCCB);
•Earth Leakage Circuit breaker(RCCB, RCBO);
•Miniature Circuit Breaker(MCB);
•Contactor (MC);
•A thermal relay(MT).
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Minor maintenances of electrical cabinets:
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Minor maintenances of electrical cabinets :
•Cut off all power sources MCCB, ACB…

•Signaling “Don’t turn on the power”
•Using specialized brush
•Using a wrench to tighten screws
•Vacuuming and cleaning
•Using a specialized solution to clean
•metal parts.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• General inspection to detects
signs of overheating all
connections.
• General inspection to detects
abnormal noise and other
damages.
• Checking switches, light signals,
protection relays and mode
switches.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• Internally and externally
Industrial inspection & cleaning
of electrical cabinets (busbar,
terminals, cable, busway, TI, TU,
electric meter, circuit breaker,
ACB, MCCB…).
• General checks to detect
abnormal noise and other
damages.
• Mechanically tighten connection
points in electrical cabinets,
busbars, cables, terminals,
connection points of control
circuits with specialized tools.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• Checking the cabinet’s function with
auto/manual mode
 The mechanism to open, close, slide
directly and indirectly through the
button.
 Mechanical and electrical interlock
on control circuit.
 Measurement instrumentation,
mode selector switch and status
indicator light.
• General checks to detect abnormal
noise and other malfunctions.
• Cleaning and greasing the moving
and mechanical parts of electrical
cabinets, circuit breakers.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
2.8.3 Low voltage electrical cabinets:
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Maintenance methods
•Cut off the power

•Using an electrical meter to detect leakage.
•Cleaning with specialize clothes
•Using alcohol or specialized liquids.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• Checking working conditions of electrical equipment

• Checking fuses
• Checking the switching contact surfaces of the circuit
• Checking and tightening the connection bolts and nuts
• Checking the insulation of the Cabinet
• Checking protective ground wire.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• Checking contact points between the upper and lower
parts of the low voltage circuit breaker.
• Using an autotransformer or a current generator to test
the On & Off ability of the circuit breaker for overload
and fast cutoff protection.
• Function test of measuring, protection of protective
relays (overcurrent, overvoltage, earth fault, phase
reversal, phase loss…) for circuit breaker.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
2.5.4. Electrical test:
•Testing the protective cut-off function of the circuit

breaker with a dedicated test kit (Normally, this Kit is kept
by the operator)
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Protection methods Testing 50&51
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
High voltage electrical cabinet:
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
2.5.5. Maintenance methods
•Cutting off power

•Using a high voltage tester to check the current
•Cleaning with specialized cloth
•Using alcohol or specialized liquids
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• Checking contact points between the upper and lower
parts of the low voltage circuit breaker.
• Using an autotransformer or a current generator to test
the On & Off ability of the circuit breaker for overload
and fast cutoff protection.
• Measuring insulation parameters of cabinets and circuit
breakers
• Using a relay tester to check the main function of
protection relay.
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Discussion Questions:
1. How to differentiate between low and high voltage
cabinets?
2. All types of Circuit breakers using in the electrical
cabinets?
3. How many kinds of basic transformer?
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3. GENERATORS
3.1. Definition:
Generator: is a device that converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy, usually using the principle of electromagnetic
induction. Primary mechanical energy sources can be steam
turbine engines, water turbines, internal combustion engines,
wind turbines or other mechanical energy sources. Generators
play a pivotal role in power supply devices. It performs three
functions: power generation, rectification, voltage correction
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3. GENERATORS
3.2. Basic generator types:

•Generator powered by diesel engine.
•Generators powered by gasoline engines.
•Generator powered by natural gas engines.
•Generator using coal.
•Generator using steamer.
•Generator 1 phase.
•Generator 3 phase.
•Generator DC.
•Alternator AC generator.
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3. GENERATORS
Basic generator picture:
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3. GENERATORS
3.3. Construction of thermoelectric generator:
•Stator
•Rotor
•Shaft insert
•Cooler set
•Ventilation
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3. GENERATORS
3.4. Troubleshooting methods:

3.4.1. Stop the crash: The generator needs to be stopped when:
•Threatening human life
•The generator suddenly vibrated strongly
•The temperature of the oil coming out of the pallets has risen above 650C.
•Generator bearings and bushings with sparks or smoke
•It is necessary to disconnect the generator from the grid and stop it after it
has been approved by the Deputy Operations Manager or the time allowed for
normal operation has expired. Stop the generator in the following cases:
•When the generator is working, the damage in the excitation system cannot
be repaired, making it difficult for normal operation.
•When grounding in the excitation winding or in the rotor winding.
•When the hydrogen leaks a lot and the pressure drops quickly
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3. GENERATORS
3.4.1. Stop the crash: The generator needs to be stopped

when: (cont.)
•Loss of water to the coolers when the generator and outlet air
temperatures are high
•When the stator generates power, there is asymmetry. Allowing
10% overload of current for 3-5 minutes, if it cannot be
overcome, the load must be reduced and the machine must be
cut off from the grid.
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4. SYNCHRONIZATION OF GENERATOR
4.1. Definition:
•Synchronization of electric machines is a form of parallel connection of two
or more generators. These generators will be connected to the same power
grid. This joint concatenation will require many different requirements.
•The method of synchronizing generators requires high technical
requirements as well as professionalism during operation and maintenance.
Therefore, you must determine your needs in accordance with a parallel
generator solution or a generator parallel to the grid.
•Synchronization will balance the rotation speed and voltage of the
generator.
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4.2. Condition:
•Generators that want to work in parallel must ensure the following 3 conditions:
 The voltage of the generators must be equal, the voltage difference is less
than or equal to 5%.
 Equal frequency generators: if they are not equal, the load distribution
will be uneven. This leads to a broken generator.
 Phase order indicate must be the same.
•In addition to the above 3 mandatory conditions, in order for the system to work
safely, you can equip additional equipment:
 Voltage and frequency regulation devices (AVR generators, etc.) to assist in
the adjustment of load division status.
 Measuring and protection equipment for each generating set.
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4.3. Method:
Regarding the 2 generators, there are mainly two methods used:
Precise Synchronization
Automatic sync.
4.3.1. Precise Synchronization
The performer needs to do the following:
Return the value of the generator voltage connected to UF and the network voltage
UHT.
Equalize the angular speed of the generator driven into wF and the angular speed
wHT (where wF >> wHT)Make the phase angle of the generator voltage vector and
the network voltage equal at the time of closing the circuit breaker. The phase
difference between the generator and network voltage vectors is d >> 0.
The exact generator synchronization method is as follows: before closing a
generator working in parallel with other generating sets, that machine must be
excited first. When the rotational speed and voltage of that machine and other
machines are nearly equal, we choose a favorable time to close the generator.
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4.3.2. Automatic Synchronization

•The person who closes the generator by the automatic synchronizing method must
comply with the following:
•To perform synchronization, the generator must not be excited. It can be understood
that the generator excitation has been cut off by the demagnetizing CB. Attention must
be paid to the rotational speed of the generator.
•When performing the synchronization process, the angular speed of the input
generator must be approximately the angular speed of all generators operating in the
system.
•Thus, before closing a generating set working in parallel with other generating sets,
that generator must not be excited. When the rotation speed of that generator is close
to the angular speed of other generators, the generator is switched on. Immediately,
the excitation current is fed into the rotor. The generator will be pulled into
synchronous work.
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5. GENERATOR AND AUXILIARIES
5.1. Commont fault and troubleshooting:

5.1.1. Overload problem:
•If the generator is overloaded by more than 10% of the rated
load, the operator must immediately notify the operator about
that phenomenon and do not need to wait for instructions.
•Under fault conditions, it is permissible to overload the stator
and rotor amperage for a short time
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Overload time 60 15 6 5 4 3 2 1
(minutes)
Amperage from 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.4 1.5 2
the norm over
rated (I/In)
Amperage stator 8536 8924 9312 9700 10088 10864 11640 15520
(A)
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Overload time 60 4 1 1/3 (20)

(minutes)
Amperage from the norm 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25
over rated (I/Iđm)
Amperage stator at: 1855 2100 26252 3500 3500

Iđm=1750A Iđm=1830A 1939.8 2196 745
Overload allowable rotor amperage If the generator is overloaded for 1 minute

without automatically restoring the normal parameters, the staff must find all
reductions in the rotor and stator currents by reducing the idle load.
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5.1.2. Out of sync:

Due to an external short circuit or improper excitation generator handling
personnel may cause synchronism. When the generator is out of sync, the
gauges of the intensity, voltage, active power and non-workable power often
fluctuate strongly because the magnetic field increases and changes
unevenly. Generator out of sync often causes periodic chirping. Based on the
meter readings and indication signs when determining the generator is out
of sync, the operator must increase the excitation voltage to the full. If the
APB size auto-adjuster fails to adjust. Then if the meter is Amp, voltage. If
the power is still fluctuating, the effective load will be reduced until the
generator returns to synchro. If, after taking the above measures, the
generator still has not returned to synchronization, within 2 minutes, the
generator must be disconnected from the grid. After that, quickly connect
the generator to the grid
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5.1.3. Automatic circuit breaker:

•When the generator automatically cuts off due to impact protection or stops the
generator by acting on the safety Circuit – Breaker (CB), the operator ensures the
normal self-capacitance.
•Check if the magnetic stamping CB works. Otherwise, it must be cut by hand.
•Notify shift leader about generator jump.
•Check the security guard and ask the watchman to determine the cause of the
generator jump.
•Based on the self-recorded meter to determine if there is a short circuit in the
grid. In order to prevent the generator from suddenly cooling down, the exhaust
valves and gas generators must be closed
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• If the generator auto-shutoff due to internal failure protection acting, the operator
must check the generator and its protections.
• Check the protection board that records the indicator relay to operate and raise
the card.
• Check the self-recording meter boards to determine before the alternator is short-
circuited.
• Ask the operator for any noises, sparks or smoke.
• Check the outside of the generator and the entire operating area of the protection.
• Check the cooling system, measure the insulation resistance of the rotor and stator
coils in Mega ohm. After deducting the electrical diagram and running the shaft
rotator to rotate the rotor.
• If no damage is found, the checker should be asked to check that the protective
part are working properly.
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• If, after measuring, there is no damage, it is possible to increase the voltage

starting from 0. When the voltage increases, the damage must be stopped, the
generator must be stopped immediately to carefully investigate and find the
fault.
• If you don't see any damage when raising the voltage, you can connect the
generator to the grid.
• If the shutoff module due to the maximum protection operates in the event of a
short circuit in the grid and the alternator's longitudinal deflection protection
is good, the generator will be excited and synchronized to the grid without pre-
checking.
• In the event that the generator jumps due to tripping protection, but the
generator shows no signs of damage, it proves that the tripping protection is
wrong.
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• In case it is necessary to find and fix the damage and only after the repair is
complete, the generator will be put into the grid.
• The signs of the generator when tested are:
 There is smoke, sparks or flames coming from the exciter generator.
 The carbon brush emits a circular spark.
 Output failure, bus bar current transformers.
 The insulation resistance of the stator winding and the terminal part of
the measuring range is greatly reduced (from 3 to 5 times compared to
the previous time).Excited earth fault protection
• If when the generator jumps due to impact protection, but for some reason the
magnetic suppressor does not work, the exciter must be quickly stop by
manually switch off the CB.
• It is forbidden to mix the generator until the damage in the CB stamping unit
from ATII has not been repaired
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5.1.4. Working in short circuit mode:

•When there is a fault in the power grid or in parallel generators for a sudden drop in
voltage, the excitation current increases to the maximum, thanks to the excitation
regulator and the excitation relays. Operators must not touch the auto-excitation
device within 20 seconds, then must quickly find ways to reduce the stator current to
the generator overload value.
•When the generator works in short-circuit mode at the factory bus bar or in the
external grid when the ammeter needle will indicate the stator current increases to
the maximum, the voltage meter decreases.
•If the temperature control operator is absent, he or she must correct the short circuit
from 20 to 30 seconds to cut off the generator manually, cut off the excitation
regulator, and cut off the ATII.
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5.1.5. Working heat mode:

The generator cooling system needs to ensure cooling so that the maximum allowable
working temperature of the separate parts of the generator that stimulates the cooling
environment is not higher than the allowable values shown in the table:
Maximum temperature 0C measured in
Cooling part name
Resistor Thermal resistance Mercury thermometer
Stator Coil
+ generator - 1200C -
+ stimulator - 120 -
Rotor coil 110 - -
+ Steel core stator - 120 -
+ Hot air on stator body Palie's Brushes and - 75 75
Inserts - 80 -
Output from palie’s and inserter - 65 650C
Table 2.3: Maximum allowable working temperature value of generator parts
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5.2. Stator Coil grounding:

When there is an earth fault signal in the generator voltage circuits and the
protections are not working, the load must be reduced immediately and the
generator must be cut off from the grid.
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5.3. Abnormal stimulation system:

•Generator loss of excitation can be caused by the following:
 Broken rotor circuit (or self-cutting ATII contact, non-contact brush)
 Short circuit in rotor.
•The excitation circuit of the excitation generator is working or backup (break at
the poles) damaged in the rheostat circuit. damaged rectifier bridge.
•If the main excitation generator is damaged, the main excitation must be changed
to the backup exciter and vice versa without reducing the machine's load by having
the exciters work in parallel, stopping the exciter that needs to be stopped. The
transition from the working main excitation to the standby excitation and vice
versa must operate according to the generator procedure.
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• If the resistance of the circuit that excites the generator during operation suddenly
drops, it is necessary to find a way to restore the insulation resistance by using dry
compressed air with a pressure of 2 at to blow this commutator.
• If the insulation resistance is overcome, the exciter should be monitored as closely
as possible, and when possible, it can be stopped for cleaning.
• When a ground fault occurs in the excitation circuit of the generator, it is necessary
to determine whether the fault is in the rotor windings or outside and to switch the
generator to standby. Before taking the generator to repair, it is necessary to
enable this protection to cut the generator.
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• If the rotor coil are shorted without regard to the grounding point and the
generator vibration level is normal, allow the generator to work until it is repaired,
then the rotor current is not. be larger than the allowable value for a long time.
• When shorted rotor winding turns and rotor winding ground fault occur at the
same time, the operator must:
 Reduce the generator's load to the minimum possible value
 Switch automatically to the backup block.
 Close switchgear device
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• When you see a carbon brush with strong gas or sparks, you must immediately
report it to the electrician or the righteous team leader. After the spot check
must perform the following take steps:
 Reduce the unnecessary load of the generator
 Check brush condition.
• If the above measures do not work, it is necessary to reduce the load and
disconnect the generator from the grid.
• When excitation is lost, the generator switches to asynchronous mode.
• The generator asynchronous mode is characterized by the following features:
 The stator voltage is lower than in the previous mode.
 The stator ammeter oscillates and only the current increases.
 The rotor ammeter reads “0” or oscillates near “0”.
 Active power is reduced compared to the previous mode.
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6. INTRODUCTION OF BASIC ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENTS
6.1 MOTOR:
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EQUIPMENTS
6.2 Maintenance method:
•Power off
•Hang a sign that DANGER OF ELECTRICITY
•Fully equipped with labor protection equipment(PPE)
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EQUIPMENTS
Step 1: Remove the motor from the device
•Disassemble the motor from the pump head, blade, etc., etc. to
facilitate engine maintenance
Step 2: Check the engine

•Check the entire motor, apply grease if the motor shaft is dry,
causing friction when operating, if the motor operates with
carbon brushes, it must be replaced periodically with new
carbon brushes.
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EQUIPMENTS
Step 3: Check insulation, motor winding resistance
•Insulation ability of insulating materials or equipment of motors depends on
many factors: environmental factors (temperature, humidity, rain, sunshine ..)
and insulating ability also declines accordingly. age of the device. Therefore,
measuring the insulation resistance of an electric motor is very necessary, to
measure the insulation we use a dedicated insulation resistance meter, if the coil
loses its insulation due to damp we can use it. Using the drying method.
•Insulation test: TCVN 6627-1:2014

•Electric motors (IEC 60034-1:2010)
•Check coil resistance: TCVN 6627-1:2014
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EQUIPMENTS
Step 4: Clean the entire engine

•Use the air compressor to blow
away the dust and use a clean rag
to clean the engine. Do not use
water to clean the engine.
Step 5: Repair the arising damage
•Repair and replace engine damage
such as worn bearings
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EQUIPMENTS
6.3. Electrical equipment in electrical cabinets:

•Contactor (MC);
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EQUIPMENTS
• Thermal relay (MT).
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EQUIPMENTS
• MCCB
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EQUIPMENTS
• RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker)
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EQUIPMENTS
• MCB: Miniature Circuit Breaker
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EQUIPMENTS
Other accessories:
•Connecting busbars;
•The temperature switch controls the blower;
•Radiator, cabinet cooling (fan, air conditioner);
•Door stroke switch, electrical cabinet lighting;
•Dynamic bridge, control bridge;
•Wire troughs;
•Mounting bar, fixing equipment;
•Label the device name;
•Wire;
•The core, rope, mica ...
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EQUIPMENTS
Control Device:
•PLC controller;
•Control, setting and monitoring screen (HMI);
•Time relay, intermediate relay.
•Low voltage fuse;
•Push buttons, indicator lights, switches.
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EQUIPMENTS
Measuring device:
•Low voltage current transformer;
•Meters;
•Volt, Amp meter;
•Switching Volt, Ampere.
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EQUIPMENTS
2.6.4. Equipment used:
•Fluke
•Pure resistance meter
•Insulation resistance meter
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EQUIPMENTS
6.5. Metering:
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EQUIPMENTS
6.5. Metering:
Standard Modbus-RTU Communications
+ The EV300 includes a built-in RS485 port for communicating over
Modbus-RTU in industrial environments. Daisy-chain multiple meters
together for efficient data collection.
Built-In Power Supply
+ 24Vdc provides direct power supply to digital input. Reduce the
cost, complication, and space of installing an additional low voltage
power supply in the panel.
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EQUIPMENTS
6.5. Metering:
Voltage:
+ Supports any voltage system with a rating between 10V to
230V/400V and can be used with or without a potential transformer.
Current:
+ The field-configurable 5A and 1A CT input will suit any industrial
current transformer.
Frequency:
Worldwide compliance: The automatic frequency detection feature
adapts to 50Hz or 60Hz systems without sacrificing accuracy.
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EQUIPMENTS
Discussion questions:
Can you tell me how many types of equipment are in the
electrical cabinet?
Name some equipment in the electrical cabinet that you
have built
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7. MAGNETIC EXCITATION SYSTEM
7.1. Define:
What is excitation system? What is excitation current?
•To put it simply, excitation current is a direct current that is fed into the generator's
rotor with the goal of excite the magnetic field of the generator's rotor. Of course, the
operation and start-up of the device is certainly indispensable without the support
from the field current.
•So how can there be an excitation current? To generate excitation current, we need
the help of a device system, also known as an excitation system. The current is excited
from the generator, besides creating a magnetic field for the operation of the Rotor, we
can also use them to adjust the reactive power, also known as the unworked power of
the device. when the generator is connected to the grid.
•In addition, a device that plays an equally important role in the excitation system is
the pressure regulator. Thanks to this device, we can easily adjust and change the
value of the current depending on the needs and purposes of using the machine. That
is also the reason they are called voltage control systems or voltage sets.
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• Working principle of
excitation system
• To better understand this
system, let's take a closer
look at how they work.
• Depending on the
characteristics of the power
supply is static or rectified as
well as the control principle
of the circuit so that the user
can easily distinguish.
Above is the DC excitation system that you can refer
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One-way stimulator system

Right from the name of the machine, we already have some specific
information about the product. This excitation system uses DC power for the
entire device operation. The field current is controlled by varying the output
voltage of the D.C. exciter. With small engines, they are often pulled directly on
the same shaft as the generator turbine system. In addition, we can also use
the reducer with the same function. In addition, larger power equipment is
often pulled by a separate motor.
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To E-network
AVR
Generating part AC excitation Sub-excitation

Above is the AC excitation system that you can refer
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Alternating excitation system

•The AC excitation system or here we are simultaneously referring to the combination
of the synchronous generator and the rectifier system. This device consists of a
synchronous generator with a structure of two inductors and armatures, stator and
rotor. In addition, the generator does not exist independently, but is combined with a
rotary rectifier installed on the shaft of the device.
•So the excitation current appears in the armature of the device, then is passed
through the rectifier and straight to the rotor without going through any contacts or
identification rings with brushes. That is also one of the reasons that this system is
also known as the brushless excitation system.
Static excitation system
•In addition, the static excitation system is also one of the excitation systems used
quite a lot today. When we talk about this system, we are talking about an exciter that
uses a transformer and a rectifier at the same time.
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7.2. Troubleshooting:
a)Generator excitation loss:
•The manifestation of this error is that the field current suddenly drops to zero, the
active power indicates the negative level, and the active power increases. At this point,
the generator becomes out of sync. The increased stator current overloads the
generator or stops the generator from malfunctioning.
•The cause of this phenomenon is due to wire break, cable break or CB switch off
causing the excitation circuit to break. Or another cause is a short circuit at the rotor
windings.
Remedies:
•For the case of mistakenly cutting the CB, we can overcome it by closing the field.
If the exact cause cannot be determined, the machine must be stopped. After stopping
the machine, find the break point, short circuit and then handle it.
NOTE: All of the above cases can only be restarted after completely fixing the problem.
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b) Loss of residual magnetism in generator :

•The manifestation of the phenomenon of residual magnetic loss is that the machine,
after starting to reach the speed level, closes the excitation circuit and raises the
generator voltage, but the voltage does not increase.
•The main cause of this phenomenon is either a few residuals in the rotor or
insufficient residual magnetism. Or it can also be due to other reasons such as: loss of
residual magnetism of the auxiliary stimulator, broken excitation circuit.
•For this phenomenon we can handle according to the following cases.
•If the excitation operation with the residual magnetic field is not possible, switch to
the jack with the DC battery power supply
•If both of the above operations do not increase the field current, the machine must be
stopped to check for a broken circuit.
•If it is the case of residual magnetic loss of the auxiliary exciter, stop the machine and
recharge the magnet.
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8. UPS
8.1 Define:
UPS:
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8. UPS
•UPS Abbreviation of English phrase: Uninterruptible

Power Supply is understood as uninterruptible power
supply system or more simply as backup power storage unit
in order to increase reliability of power supply for the
system.
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8. UPS
8.2. Diagram
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8. UPS
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8. UPS
8.3. UPS:
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8. UPS
Acquy sử dụng trong UPS
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8. UPS
8.4. Maintenance method

•The operator must cut off the power, hang the POWER
OFF sign.
•After about 30 minutes after the power cut, the work can
be carried out (let the capacitors in the UPS discharge all
power)
•Use a clean rag and specialized cleaner to clean the boards
•Use a specialized brush and vacuum cleaner to clean the
gaps
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8. UPS
• Use a battery capacity meter to check the batteries,

replace if necessary.
• Cleaning the battery system
• Note to avoid collision between the negative and
positive poles of the battery, which will lead to a short
circuit and explosion of the battery.
• Use a clean rag to wrap the tools used to remove the
battery terminals
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8. UPS
•Check the operation of the UPS control cabinet

Measure input voltage
Measure output voltage
Try running with load
Calculation of UPS backup time
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DEVICES
9.1 Auxiliary Power

•Grounding system
maintenance IE, ISE, CCR.
Earth resistance meter

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DEVICES
The process of testing the safe grounding system and lightning
protection grounding system is applied according to the following
standards:
•TCVN 9385:2012, Lightning protection for construction works.
Guidelines for system design, testing and maintenance
TCVN9358:2012, Installation of grounding systems for industrial
works. General requirements
•11 TCN-18:2016, Regulations on electrical equipment. Part 1 - General
Rules
•11 TCN-19:2016, Regulations on electrical equipment. Part 2 -
Electrical Conduit System
Distribution equipment and substations
Protection and Automatic
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DEVICES
9.2. Grounding system maintenance:
•Periodic inspection of the safety grounding system and
lightning protection grounding system depends on the
hazardous area where the system is installed.
•For earthing systems installed in less hazardous locations,

two years interval inspection.
•For earthing systems installed in hazardous locations,

yearly interval inspection
•For grounding systems installed in particularly hazardous

locations, six-month interval inspection
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DEVICES
The steps of visual inspection include:

•Check the actual installation compared to the design
Check the use of materials required by the design
•Check all welds, joints
•Check anti-corrosion measure
•Check the conductive circuit protection against
mechanical damage.
•Check measures against touch voltage and step voltage
where necessary
•Check the underground parts in the soil.
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DEVICES
Measurement inspection:
•Open circuit and check the
connection quality of protective
ground wire, equipotential
connection wire.
•Measure resistance of earth
electrode, ground resistance
•Measure total loop impedance to
ground.
•Check the operation of residual
current equipment.
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DEVICES
Measurement Inspection:
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DEVICES
9.3 Electrical Test:
Installing ground wire for motors > 30kW:
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DEVICES
Installing ground wire for motors > 30kW:
Definition:
•Grounding is one of the most common methods to solve
the problem of electrical leakage outside of electrical and
electronic equipment.
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DEVICES
Goals:
•Components normally do not carry voltage (normally the
chassis, electrical housing, machine base, ...) but because
the phase-case insulation is damaged, they will carry
electricity. When the user touches these elements, electric
currents will flow through the person.
•The purpose of protective earthing is to reduce the

amount of current flowing through the person in this case
to a safe value .
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DEVICES
The importance of grounding:
•Grounding is essential for the following reasons
 Grounding protects personnel from short-circuit
currents.
 Grounding provides the easiest path for short-
circuit current even after insulation has failed.
 Grounding protects equipment and personnel
from high voltage surges and lightning discharges .
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DEVICES
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DEVICES
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DEVICES
Grounding can be done by
electrically connecting the
respective parts of the installation
to some electrical wiring or
electrodes located near or below
ground. Ground plate or ground
electrode with flat iron groove
through which all non-current-
carrying metal parts of the
equipment are connected.
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DEVICES
• When a fault occurs, the fault
current from the equipment
flows through the grounding
system to earth and thus
protects the equipment from
fault currents.
• At the time of the fault, the
grounding conductors rise to a
voltage equal to the resistance
of the ground multiplied by the
fault to earth.
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DEVICES
9.4. Installing ground wire:
•In European and American countries, the power grid
system has a full grounding wire, so the power plug of the
device always has 3 pins, L-N-E, in which the "E" pin is the
grounding pin. .
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DEVICES
In Vietnam, the protective grounding method of many
households is to plug an iron rod into the ground at least
10 cm, then use an electrical wire to connect it to the
housing of electrical equipment, and then connect to this
iron bar. That way, you won't be shocked when touching
the housing of electrical appliances .
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DEVICES
• Living in an apartment or private house but there is no
grounding system available (3 – pin socket). However,
there are some methods to ground for safety.
• We can utilize the metal door frame (window frames,

doors, aluminum frames, iron frames...) or any metal
part with rod buried in the wall/floor a few centimeters.
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DEVICES
• Taking a metal wire connected from the shell of electrical
equipment and then making direct contact with the metal
part of that object.
Note: if there is a paint layer, it must be scraped, or there is

a layer of dirt, glue... Then it must be cleaned/scraped to
expose the metal part and must be sure that the foot of
this object is in direct contact with the wall (there are
door frames that are covered with paint). If you drill
into the wall through the plastic-coated screws, it will
lose its conductive effect).
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10. ELECTRICAL SAFETY
10.1. STEPS TO PERFORM BEFORE MAINTENANCE OF

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT :
Warning signs:
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SOME PICTURES OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS RELATED TO HUMAN FACTORS
Electrical Shock Fire
Electric Arc Short Circuit
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10.1. STEPS TO PERFORM BEFORE MAINTENANCE OF

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:
05 golden rules:
1. Disconnect
2. Secure Isolation
3. Prove dead
4. Earth & Short circuit
5. Cover or close off adjacent live parts
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Proceeding:
•Normally, the operator will perform all these 5 steps,

before handing the equipment over to the maintenance
contractor.
•But in my experience, it also depends on the personality of

each person. To be sure, we need to check the status of YES
or NO electricity ourselves
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• Except for the step 1 operator must do, the remaining 4

steps we can do by ourselves.
• However, before checking whether the device is still
powered or not, pay attention to the voltage. Must read
the diagram to understand if the place you are working
is in LOW or HIGH VOLTAGE to use the appropriate
measuring tool.
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• If working in low voltage area U< 1000V (Note: some

Fluke meters only measure < 600Vac)
• We can use a specialized multimeter like the Fluke
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10.2. Basic Protection Equipment :
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• Equipment protection: Insulation pole 220kV
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There are 3 types of high and low voltage testers:

•Type of tone
•Light type
•Types of alarms and lights
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Checking low Voltage
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1. What kind of electric testers have?
2. How many Volts?
3. The difference between High voltage testers and
Insulation pole?
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10.3. HOW TO USE BASIC ELECTRICAL

MEASUREMENTS:
•Low resistance Ohm meter
•Used to measure coil resistance
•Check contact resistance between
metal joints
 Low resistance Ohm meter
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10.3. HOW TO USE BASIC ELECTRICAL

MEASUREMENTS :
•Isolation resistance Ohm meter
•Used to measure insulation resistance
Isolation resistance Ohm meter
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• Isolation resistance Ohm

meter
• If Resistance <500kΩ:
Insulation failure
Isolation resistance Ohm meter
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• Multimeter(Fluke…)
• Measuring V
• Measuring Ampe
• Measuring diod
• Measuring temperature
• Measuring insulation
(Common< 40MΩ)
Multi meter
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• Multimeter(Fluke…) Multi meter

• Measuring V
• Measuring Ampe
• Measuring diod
• Measuring Rcđ
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10.3.1 Current meter(Kyoritsu…)

• Measuring V
• Measuring Ampe
• Measuring Insulation
Ampe meter
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1. What kind of electrical measuring devices have you used?
2. What to notice when using Fluke?
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THANK YOU
We are always here to help!!!
Save the environment,
Training & Certification
We will save the life & future
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PVD Technical Training & Certification J.S.C.
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Elec-Thermal Factory en Final3

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PREVENT MAINTENANCE AND

REPARATION TRAINING COURSE

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• The aim of this course is to instruct the participant

I/ AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

10. Electrical safety

10.2. Basic method of protection

Day Subject (Item) Contents Training time (hours)

3.1 Auxiliary Power

DESIRE AFTER COMPLETE THIS COURSE: ….

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• The purpose of this section is to provide participants

After complete this course, the participants can:

•Common name for the average maintenance level, usually in the

period from 36 months to 72 months.

•Maintenance time: From 5h to 20h depending on electrical

1.1 Types of transformer:

1.3. Method of oil Transformer

• Overview survey, analysis and

• Check insulation value of

COMPARISON TABLE OF DRY TRANSFORMER AND OIL TRANSFORMER

About 10-30% higher

1.5. Problems and fixes:

3. Magnetization current spike when no-load transformer is closed

2. Using overcurrent relay

3. Longitudinal differential protection:

4. Transformer winding earth fault protection

Copper busbar is a metal bar made of copper with a cube

2.2. Busbar system maintenance:

• Use a specialized device to tighten the screws, ensuring

2.3. Common failures and how to deal with them

Hình 1 - Overcurrent protection.

Hình 2 - Differant Protection.

Hình 3 - Low voltage protection relay

Busbar ground fault :

2.4. Discussion questions:

1/What device do we use to check if the busbar has

operator says it is safe?

2.5.1. Electrical cabinets:

2.5.2. Electrical equipment in the cabinets:

•Cut off all power sources MCCB, ACB…

•Cut off the power

• Checking working conditions of electrical equipment

•Testing the protective cut-off function of the circuit

•Cutting off power

1. How to differentiate between low and high voltage

2. All types of Circuit breakers using in the electrical

3. How many kinds of basic transformer?

3.2. Basic generator types:

Basic generator picture:

3.3. Construction of thermoelectric generator:

3.4. Troubleshooting methods:

3.4.1. Stop the crash: The generator needs to be stopped

4.3.2. Automatic Synchronization

5.1. Commont fault and troubleshooting:

Overload time 60 4 1 1/3 (20)

Amperage stator at: 1855 2100 26252 3500 3500

Overload allowable rotor amperage If the generator is overloaded for 1 minute

5.1.2. Out of sync:

5.1.3. Automatic circuit breaker: